Dissertações em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Mestrado) - PPGNBC/ICB
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2375
O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efectos de la obesidad y de la cirurgía bariátrica sobre patrones cognitivos y perceptuales de los humanos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-28) ESPEJO, Cristian Ariel Neira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health and has been considered epidemic, since it is a disease with high prevalence in most countries of the world. Currently there is the idea that deficiencies in cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobe, contribute to the maintenance of obesity, however, there are investigations that contradict this postulate. On the other hand, the patterns of visual perception, measured with the Rorschach test, have been linked to weight gain and obesity, the results that determined this relationship are not conclusive. The main objective of this study was to determine if obesity or bariatric surgery generate differences in the patterns of visual perception and humans cognitive functioning. Additionally, we sought to relate the neuropsychological functions of the cortex occito-temporo-parietal, which participate in the perception of visual stimuli, with the neuropsychological functions of the prefrontal cortex. The research included the participation of 48 subjects, divided into 3 groups (diagnosed with obesity, undergoing bariatric surgery and a control group), which were evaluated with the Rorscahch test and the Stroop and MCSTneuropsychological tests. Our results showed similar values for the three groups in the measurements made with the neuropsychological tests and with the visual perception test. In addition, three indicators of the visual perception test were correlated with indicators of sustained attention, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Our main conclusion is that the obese or bariatric subjects do not present differences in cognitive functioning or visual perception patterns. We also conclude that there are indicators of the Rorschach test that present a potential to be considered neuropsychological indicators.groups in the measurements made with the neuropsychological tests and with the visual perception test. In addition, three indicators of the visual perception test were correlated with indicators of sustained attention, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Our main conclusion is that the obese or bariatric subjects do not present differences in cognitive functioning or visual perception patterns. We also conclude that there are indicators of the Rorschach test that present a potential to be considered neuropsychological indicators.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeito do ganhar ou perder nos niveis de raiva e ansiedade em lutadores de judô(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) ARDILA, Héctor Andrés Páez; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274Aggression is a behavior that involves a simultaneous activation of physiological, biochemical, neurological and behavioral components and emotions, such as anxiety and anger. In humans, sports can be considered as a form of display because they allow aggression to be expressed with a low probability of permanent damage to subjects. The competitions have been used as models to evaluate the activation produced by the different stages of competition, such as the outcome of the combat. Judo has been used as a model of competitive aggression to evaluate the different body responses in agonistic behaviors in humans, since it offers a context like those studied in animal fights. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of win / lose in the levels of anger and anxiety in regional judo fighters, male, linked to the Para Federation of Judo, Using the STAXI and IDATE psychometric scales, as well as comparing these results with the Brazilian general population and a correlation analysis to know the differences between the different components with the number of strokes, using a pre/post fight evaluation and the filming of the fights. Differences were found between winners and losers, as well as between fighters and the Brazilian population; The losers presented higher levels of anger, while the anxiety was greater for the winners.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua em esportes de combate: efeito sobre o desempenho físico e cognitivo(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11) LOBÃO, Thais Alves; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274Transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique used to promote improvement in clinical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence that tDCS could modulate the psychomotor abilities of athletes, which are important for the performance of these athletes. Among the combat sports, judo and jiu-jitsu are two types that represent fights with specific physical and cognitive demands. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single stimulation in the M1 region (primary motor), on cognitive (anxiety, reaction time) and physical (strength, muscle power, flexibility) parameters in federated male athletes of these modalities. For that, the fighters were submitted to two experimental sessions of tDCS (sham and stimulated, 2 mA for 20 minutes), in a cross-over scheme (ABA), composed by psychomotor evaluations using as measures the jump against movement (JAM), Wells bank, manual and scapular dynamometry, IDATE (state-trait anxiety index) and reaction time, through the TReaction software. There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and post-stimulation conditions (sham or anodic) and in the percentage of difference between the two pre- and post-test conditions. Our results indicate that there are no effects of tDCS in this region and in the values used on the measured parameters.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Parâmetros da escototaxia como modelo comportamental de ansiedade no paulistinha (danio rerio, cyprinidae, pisces)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-24) OLIVEIRA, Caio Maximino de; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274Certain teleost fishes present a behavioral trait of scototaxis, the preference for dark environ- ments and not bright ones. The present work tried to evaluate some parameters of the explora- tory behavior of the zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822) in the black/white tank, aiming to establish the reliability of measures in different contexts. White compartment avoidance presents a biphasic pattern, with an increase in avoidance preceding a decrease (Experiment 1). This same avoidance does not habituate to repeated exposure, independently of the inter- session interval, on the contrary of total locomotion (Experiments 2 and 3); forced exposure to the white compartment does not alter the subsequent exploratory behavior (Experiment 4). These results suggest that novelty is not the controlling dimension of scototaxis; besides, these results also suggest that the preference for the Black compartment is not caused simply by avoidance of the white compartment, although this certainly has an important role. The role of the aversiveness of the white compartment was assessed in a second series of experi- ments. The illumination above the white compartment is an anxiogenic factor, since increas- ing it decreases the time spent in the white compartment without affecting total locomotion (Experiment 5). This phenomenon seems to be due to a decrease in the capacity to camouf- lage with the substrate (crypsis), since altering the color of the white compartment to grey increases its exploration, while altering the color of the black compartment to grey increases the time spent in the white compartment (Experiment 6). Besides, the increase in the propor- tion of the apparatus occupied by the white compartment (from 50% to 75%) decreases the time spent in it (Experiment 7). These results suggest that the white compartment is aversive, and therefore the preference for darkness is not caused simply by positive reinforcing proper- ties of the black compartment. Taken together, the results of both series of experiments sug- gest that scototaxis results from an approach-avoidance conflict. Experiment 8 represents a common environmental manipulation which alters anxiety in rodents, environmental enrich- ment; here, animals raised in an enriched aquarium for two weeks present less white avoid- ance. It is concluded that scototaxis has good construct validity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Validação farmacológica da preferência claro-escuro em Danio rerio(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-23) MAGNO, Lílian Danielle Paiva; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274Anxiety is a complex disorder with large clinical relevance, whose study with animal models is important for research about their mechanisms and drugs for their treatment. The zebrafish appears as a potential animal model for pharmacological research in anxiety. A model of anxiety is the light-dark preference, which has been validated behaviorally in zebrafish, however, requires a pharmacological validation. The objective is to describe the sensitivity of the light-dark preference in zebrafish adults for the most common drugs in clinical anxiety, were administered by immersing the animal in the solution: Benzodiazepines (Clonazepam), 5-HT1A partial agonists (Buspirone), Tricyclic Antidepressant (Imipramine), Antidepressant SSRIs (Fluoxetine and Paroxetine), Antipsychotics (Haloperidol and Risperidone); Psychostimulant (Diethylpropion), Beta blockers (Propranolol) and CNS depressants (Ethanol). The parameters analyzed were the time spent by the animal in a dark environment, the time of the first latency and number of midline crossings. Clonazepam administered 300 s increased the time in the dark at lower concentrations and reduced locomotor activity, administration during 600 s of the intermediate concentration decreased over time in the dark and the first latency, and increased locomotor activity, indicating anxiolytic effect. Buspirone raised the time spent in the dark, probably due to reduction of motor activity. Imipramine and fluoxetine increased time in the dark and the first latency and decreased the number of alternations, indicating anxiogenic action. Paroxetine did not alter the time in the dark, however the first time increased latency and decreased locomotor activity. Haloperidol decreased anxiety in the lowest concentration, curiously raised motor activity at the highest concentration, instead of risperidone, which decreased the activity at the highest concentration. Diethylpropion did not change over time in the dark but increased the time of the first latency and decreased motor activity only at lower concentrations. Propranolol reduced only time in the dark. Ethanol was effective in reducing anxiety with the intermediate concentration and decreased locomotor activity in a lower concentration. Data corroborate with the literature in Danio rerio both intraperitoneal administration in this model as in other models for water delivery and in rodents, when it was possible to compare.