Teses em Doenças Tropicais (Doutorado) - PPGDT/NMT

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3560

O Doutorado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2007 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento do escorpionismo e do escorpião Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), de duas regiões distintas no Estado do Pará na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-21) PARDAL, Pedro Pereira de Oliveira; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui
Introduction: Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is a senior synonymous of T. paraensis Kraepelin, 1896 and T. cambridgei Pocock, 1897. It is widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon basin and is considered the most important species responsible for scorpion stings. There were several differences in the clinical manifestations of envenomation by this species. Objective: To contribute for the knowledge of scorpionism by T. obscurus in Brazilian Amazon. Methods: We describe and compare the clinical and epidemiological findings of envenomation by T. obscurus in eastern and west areas of the state of Para. The composition of the venom, morphometric measures and DNA analysis of specimens captured were also compared between study areas. Results: From Jan 2008 to Jul 2010 were included 48 patients with confirmed envenomation by T. obscurus. Most of them came from the eastern region (70.8%). Median age groups were similar in both areas. Most scorpion stings took place during the day and occurred significantly on the upper limbs. The time between the sting and admission to the health center was less than three hours in both areas. Most eastern patients had local manifestations while in the west, systemic manifestations predominated. Local symptoms were similar in both areas, but systemic signs and symptoms were more common in the west. Symptoms frequently observed at the sting site were local and radiating pain, paresthesia, edema, erythema, sweating, piloerection and burning. The systemic manifestations were higher in patients from the west. Furthermore, neurological symptoms, such as general paresthesia, ataxia, dysarthria, myoclonus, dysmetria, and electric shock-like sensations throughout the body were reported only by patients from the west. Mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA showed a polymorphism of 9.06% with divergence from 9.7 to 11% forming two distinct at Neijgbor-Joining and Máxima Parcimônia. There were 18 and 20 specimens captured in west and in eastern regions, measuring between 62.15 to 85.24mm. The largest specimens were captured in the west. Multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between specimens from both sites. The analysis of venom by mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography showed significant differences in both the composition and concentrations of venom components. The venom of specimens captured in west showed a high concentration of compounds with affinity for K+ and Na+ channels. Conclusion: There are a regional diversity in several aspects of envenomation by T. obscurus Gervais, 1843, in the state of Para. The geographical separation promotes, probably, a speciation of specimens, forming two distinct lineages, with 16S rRNA divergences and different length, chemical composition of venom and clinical manifestations of envenomations. The authors suggest a taxonomic review of this species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de técnica de biologia molecular para detecção do Mycobacterium leprae, em combinação com a avaliação dermatoneurológica, no diagnóstico precoce dos contatos intradomiciliares de hanseníase
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-28) PONTES, Ana Rosa Botelho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The purpose of this study was to apply the technique of molecular biology in nasal secretion sample from household contacts of leprosy patients, in combination with dermatological and neurological assessments, improving the early diagnosis of leprosy. The study was conducted in health municipal units of Belém-PA, from February 2013 to April 2015. The sample consisted of 154 household contacts and 58 index cases of leprosy, totaling 212 subjects. Data collection was through epidemiological record, dermatologic and neurological evaluations and BCG scar examination. A nasal secretion sample from each subject for the PCR was collected. In index cases, positive PCR was in the age group of 40-59 years (35.0%), in multibacillary (MB) form (80,0%); cases with 7 to 9 skin lesions (35.0%) and with no enlarged nerves (40.0%). All positive index PCR cases show signs and symptoms of leprosy (34.5%) and most do not have BCG scar (65.0%). Among the contacts, positive PCR prevailed in females (63.9%); in the age group 20-39 years (44.4%); family income of a minimum wage (47.2%); student occupation (33.3%) and completed high school (36.1%). The strongest evidence of positive PCR in index cases and contacts was in multibacillary, respectively (37.2% and 25.6%). Proves to be a highly significant correlation between clinical signs and symptoms with PCR in nasal secretion of multibacillary contacts, indicating that if they get sick are more likely to reproduce the same operating way of index cases. The highest percentage of positive PCR was in contact with the absence of BCG scar (25.8%). The association between the signs, symptoms and PCR indicates that contacts with positive PCR have 07 times more likely to show signs and symptoms of leprosy. In estimating the potential risk for the development of leprosy in contacts, we identified 22 (14.3%) at intermediate risk and 06 (3.9% 0) at high risk. One hundred and forty-four (144) contacts said that they have daily contact with the index case (93.5%) and of these 36 (25.0%) were positive for PCR. The treatment of index cases led to a reduction of PCR positivity in both modes of operation. The correlation between PCR and the degree of disability of the index cases, grade 1 was more prevalent (55.0%). M. leprae DNA detection in the nasal secretion of household contacts for PCR, in association with dermatological and neurological assessments, raises the effectiveness of early diagnosis of leprosy, contributing to the control of the disease in the community.

Navegar

Navegando Teses em Doenças Tropicais (Doutorado) - PPGDT/NMT por Orientadores "ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui"