Navegando por Orientadores "ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 28

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Agricultor familiar horticultor do Amapá e sua força impulsionadora no desenvolvimento agroecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-18) PEDRADA, Ana Karolina Lima; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Agroecology is a science with an interdisciplinary approach that has been built over generations, integrating traditional and scientific knowledge, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and building social movements, increasingly political, emancipatory and territorial. Studying this construction is seeking to understand the man in the field and how he contributes to agroecological development. The objective of this work is to understand agroecological family production as a driving force of rural development and how this producer is a key player in the formation and consolidation of a formal institutional environment in the state of Amapá. To achieve this objective, the research explored the forces that led to the institutional structuring of agroecology in the region; analyzed the historical structures of this family farmer, their agrarian trajectories and how they infuse their economic activity, directly influencing the preservation of biodiversity and local knowledge in the region when promoting food sovereignty; sought to identify the rationality and nature of the economic motivation of the family farmer in the state of Amapá and how he promotes agroecological rural development based on participatory strategies. Finally, it also sought to identify the agroecological practices used by family farmers in the state of Amapá to analyze the perspective of organic certification in their small agricultural productions focused on horticulture. The methodological approach used in the work was historical-structural and case study, where the research sought, from document analyzes and interviews carried out with the community leadership of agroecological family farmers and agents linked to institutional technical assistance bodies, about family profile and process of productive. As a result, the research concludes that, at first, the institutionalization of agroecology in the state was driven by local welfare agencies, but that the small production of family gardeners is increasingly present in this construction, boosting institutional agroecological development. The research also showed that the family farmer in the state is a multifaceted and diverse man, and his formation occurs according to spatial and territorial elements, so the family farmer from Amapá can be caboclo, riverside, quilombola, descendant of slaves, descendant of northeasterners , or former rubber tappers among others, making it impossible to reduce it to a single term or category. Also, the agrarian technologies promoted in its agricultural establishments are focused on agroecology, promoting biodiversity and food sovereignty in the state and proposing solidary economies with the formation of short circuits for the commercialization of its products. The research also identified two rationalities with different natures of motivation in the region: the capitalist family farmer, driven by capital accumulation given the growing formation of new social and economic needs; and the organic family farmer, a plural, diverse and territorial man, with a character of resistance, where his main motivating agent is the family. The research also showed that one is not an impediment to the existence (or not) of the other, nor is one an evolution of the other, they coexist in the same space, holding different social rationales and both promote rural development based on participatory strategies, such as formation of associations in order to promote collective practices. Finally, a prognosis was raised for a possible organic concession, issued by MAPA, in horticulture promoted by family farmers in the state and it was identified that 85% of family farmers in Amapá do not use pesticides in their production, 59.8% of family farmers promote some type of agroecological practice, such as crop rotation and/or fallow land, promoting socio-biodiversity, based on their traditional knowledge that is passed on to the next generation. The research also identified bottlenecks for the concession, which are predominantly bureaucratic, such as documentation, lack of a community bank of creole seeds, potability control and water use, compliance with sanitary standards for cleaning its products as recommended by law and strengthening of short marketing channels. Even so, the research concludes that the organic concession for family farmers, horticulturists in the state, is entirely feasible. Finally, the research shows that the family farmer in the state of Amapá is a key element in the structuring of agroecological production in the state and in the consolidation of a formal institutional environment, given their histories, motivations, resistance and struggles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agronegócio do dendê: evolução no Estado do Pará, no Brasil e no Peru
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-03) VÁSQUEZ, Jorge Arturo Mori; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Oil palm monoculture is increasing in the world and in the entire Amazonian watershed. It is therefore necessary to have a scientific insight on the applied public policies of this sector, it is also important to assess the influence of technological changes in order to enhance positive impacts and to neutralize or mitigate negative impacts. It was used an evolutionary approach to determine the influence of; public policy of tax exemptions and credits (which allowed a strong initial capitalization of companies in the sector), the creation or adaptation of state organizations (to promote the development of plantations), as well as the technological development of breeding, pest management (to increase the production), harvest of fresh fruit branches (to reduce cost and increase production) and the treatment process of extraction palm oil waste (to allow the environmental license) in the development of oil palm agribusiness in the Brazilian state of Para and Peru. A survey was conducted to get some information from the current local farmers and it was also done a historical study on the public policy of tax exemptions, credits and the creation of state institutions or the changes that they experienced, such as the technological changes in this agribusiness. The similar issues found in Para and Peru were: (i) the states with public funds, are those who created this monoculture, (ii) they created organizations/institutions and legal regulations to promote its development; and (iii) at the beginning, tax releases were established to favor only large companies but in recent years these policies allowed direct access to credits to microproducers, it has increased the social base defense of this crop against to opponent ecologist groups. It was found a "predisposition" of the authorities to promote this monoculture and the acceptance of the local farmers due to the permanent "income." It suggested that better public policy in addition to better decisions of the public and private enterprises and the use of superior technology brought together higher production levels of palm oil fresh fruit in Para and Peru, and the increase of planting areas in the last years. Moreover the palm oil waste treatment in both countries is considered as an extra cost and it is only done by big enterprises. It was concluded that the state play the role of player-mediator, which main role was the promotion and development of this monoculture, likewise, the technological development facilitated to the increase of production levels, it supports even more to the promotion of palm oil monoculture in both states.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da viabilidade da legislação ambiental para o pequeno produtor rural no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) CUNHA, Helen Theyla Costa da; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste paraense: os sistemas agroflorestais como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) OLIVEIRA, Dimitri Maurício Queiroz de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of two agroforestry (SAF) in the municipality of Tomé First proceeded to the literature of the legal requirements for the use of specially protected areas, then sought to frame the agroforestry systems over an optical environmental and socio- economic, as an instrument of use and recovery of these areas by evaluating the economic returns from two models of SAF observed in Tomé-Açú. For the progress and completion of this study utilize is a documentary research, bibliographical and field research through interviews with local actors production chain in the city of Tome - Açú. The methodology des survey data used for this study was the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. The tabulation of this date, as well as the results of analyzes was performed with concepts economic-mathematical engineering economic evaluation of investment projects through cash flow, NPV, IRR and Rb/c of arrangements. The conclusion discusses the concept of viability-studied arrangements for the current economic scenario of cultures composing the models studied as an alternative source of investment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Boas práticas agrícolas: análise de viabilidade financeira em propriedades sojicultoras e pecuaristas do Nordeste Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-22) CHIACCHIO, Jayne Isabel da Cunha Guimarães; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
According to data from PRODES / INPE (2008), from 1988 to 2008, 369,154 km ² were deforested in the Amazon, an annual average of 17,578 km ². This process has been driven primarily by expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture. Several policies have been created to reduce deforestation. And these are targeted, usually by command and control instruments. A recent innovation, however, has been the search for improvements in environmental quality in medium and large farms through the introduction of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Based on this, this paper aims to examine whether the introduction of BPA in medium and large soy farms and ranches located northeast of Mato Grosso represents a financially viable alternative. The survey was conducted in five municipalities located northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Xingu watershed: Água Boa, Canarana, Querência, Bom Jesus do Araguaia and São Félix do Araguaia. First, we collected detailed data from activities in the region of study. For that, 40 farmers were interviewed (20 soy farmers and 20 ranchers). The second step raised the cost data of adoption of good practices on 14 soy farms and ranches found in the Registry of Social-Environmental Responsibility (RSR) of the Aliança da Terra (AT)/Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM). For the analysis of financial viability of Good Practice, we used three instruments: simple return, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return. The results showed that BPA is capable of implementation, but there is a financial loss for the producer when he chooses to adopt BPA. However, opportunities for gains from adoption of BPA (such as the receipt by REDD, increased productivity, increased selling prices, among others) can reduce these "losses" and equalize the gains to production without BPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Certificações aplicadas a produtos da sociobiodiversidade na Amazônia: desafios para a sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-25) SOUSA, Pollyanna Coêlho de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Certifications focused on sustainability are a series of practices that can help improve the quality of life of traditional populations in the Amazon, by providing advantages such as the use of sustainable agricultural production methods, increased productivity, reduced socioenvironmental impact, management forestry that helps conserve biodiversity and generate income. The general objective of the research was to analyze how sustainability certifications are being implemented with community organizations in the Amazon, using the cumaru almond and açaí fruit production chains as a case study. The hypothesis that motivated the research was the following: the implementation of sustainability certifications brings benefits to community organizations, which can result in a better quality of life for traditional populations in the Amazon, compared to those that do not adopt any standards. The results indicate that the benefits can be perceived in dimensions such as: Quality Management; Handler Management; Environmental management; Risk management. The use of certifications with community organizations is recommended, as long as other development models are equally recognized and respected, encouraging the promotion of inclusive and sustainable Amazon sociobiodiversity chains. It is noteworthy that it is possible that the benefits identified in community organizations that adopt some sustainability standard are related to other factors, linked to the historical and regional context, which may have resulted in more evident advances in some communities than in others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desastres naturais e pobreza absoluta na Amazônia: uma análise quantitativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-11) NINA, Alex Santiago; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The Amazon is one of the poorest Brazilian regions and, in recent years, it has been hit by intense natural disasters. In this sense, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze how the occurrence of natural disasters affects the variation of absolute poverty in the Amazon between 2000 and 2010. The beginning and the end of this period coincide with the latest measurements of data reduction from demographic data, while in this interval, three major natural disaster events hit in the Amazon: the dry of 2005 and 2010 and the floods of 2009. Numerous studies, in international literature, point out that natural disasters affect the poor more severely than the rich and tend to maintain or increase levels of poverty in the regions where they occur. Based on these surveys, the following hypothesis was raised: “absolute poverty, both in terms of percentage and intensity, increased or decreased less in the Amazonian municipalities most frequently affected by natural disasters”. To test this hypothesis, a regression model was elaborated, which includes indicators of absolute poverty as a dependent variable and, as explanatory variables, indicators of natural disasters, economic growth and public assistance policies. The results showed that absolute poverty was accentuated in the municipalities most affected by natural disasters, but while droughts and gradual floods affected the percentage of poor, sudden floods decreased the income of the poor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento sustentável e uso dos recursos naturais em áreas de várzea do território do baixo Tocantins da Amazônia paraense: limites, desafios e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-19) REIS, Adebaro Alves dos; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The central goal of this thesis is to understand and analyze the dynamics of sustainable use the natural resource by the cabocla-riverside populations aiming the application of sustainable development concept and, starting the observation the everyday the way of life, the use of natural resources and the process of diversified production as empirical elements required to think a new pattern of development, in other words, the sustainable, anchored to traditional knowledges of cabocla-riverside populations of lowland areas the territory of Baixo Tocantins of Amazon Paraense. Like this, sought , starting of theoric debate, develop a criticizes to modern science, with specificity to instrumental rationality, that promoted fragmentation the relationship between man and nature, through development of destructive activities the natural resources that compromise the own human life , the same time, was introduced an approach of interdisciplinarity as one possibility of articulation in different areas of knowledge for a intervention under perspectives of dimensions the social life and natural. The study to elaborate this thesis has as universe the Baixo Tocantins territory, where it considered the lowland ecosystems of municipalities Abaetetuba and Igarapé-Miri, in their components considered strategic like: riverside communities, agro ecosystem and riverside population, constitutive the Tocantins river margin. For this, was reconstituted of synthetic mode, the historical trajectory of this territory through of occupation, development, and use of natural resources, which were analyzed from adaptive productive dynamics , and use of natural resources in their multiple activities of management of lowland ecosystem focused for production and management of açaí , agroforestry systems (SAFs), agriculture, creating of small and medium-sized animals , creation of fishes, vegetal extractivism and animal , shrimp fishery and fish on lowland ecosystem. This practices of use the natural resources, traditionally employed by inhabitants of lowland areas makes part of one lifestyle, that secularly has guaranteed the production of knowledge acquired/inherited of past generations, how management and use nature resources of this agrosystem. The productive diversity strategies, management and multiple uses the nature resources follows the rhythms imposed by nature of adaptation capacity of relation with natural conditions of lowland areas, such as : flood process, flood and ebb the rivers, erosion/ deposition , environmental impacts by great developmental projects, elevated levels of the rivers , among others factors, keeping a high degree of interrelationship balanced with nature. Can mean that, in the lowland ecosystem, man and nature are completed, creating a single standard of sustainable development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da economia e das relações do trabalho da pesca artesanal no município de Santarém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-28) MARTINS, Everaldo de Vasconcelos; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The case study project presented here focuses on how they can explain the dynamics of economics and labor relations in the chain of fishing that occurs in the fishing communities of Ituqui and Tapará Coast, located in the municipality of Santarém-PA, where were interviewed and consulted key players who work in commercial production chain, from capture to the wholesale trade. After analysis and processing of data that were obtained in field work, we demonstrated how trade flows occur and labor relations in fishing communities studied. Fishing is an activity directed to the welfare and survival of fishermen and their families. The data were copied into tables, which is demonstrated the resourcefulness of the fishing activity in those communities, since the capture process, through direct marketing in the context of communities and acting on the mediator boats that interfere in the chain of the fishing trade in the municipality of Santarém. With the conclusion of the case study, it was possible to detect the relevant factors that influence the organizational level of communities through the entity hat represents them, considering the benefits set by government and other nongovernment entities, resulting in the binding of 100% of fishermen to the Fishermen Colony Z-20. Every fishermen interviewed is a signatory of the fishing agreements provided by them and consents to IBAMA. Register that 100% of fishermen of Ituqui fishing communities and Tapará Grande develop their activities using their own resources and depend on income solely derived from the fishing, which reinforces that in the period didn’t have fish they come to rely on unemployment insurance for the maintenance of family and to regain their boats and fishing gears for the next fishing season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Direito à participação para a governança de manguezais em áreas protegidas do sul indiano e da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-12) PINHEIRO, Elysângela Sousa; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The mangrove is a dynamic ecosystem that is in a continuous state of erosion and accretion, which forms a singular form of forest with up to 73 species of known trees. This ecosystem is distributed by 150,000 km ² in coastal wetlands of 123 tropical countries. For centuries, the human populations of these countries enjoy the environmental assets of the mangrove ecosystem. Brazil and India are signatory countries of the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity, which recognize the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for biodiversity. The purpose of this Multiple Case study is to analyze the mangroves governance process in two protected areas: Extractive Reserve of São João da Ponta (RESJP), in the Brazilian Amazon and the Kadalundi Vallikkunnu Community Reserve (RCKV), in South India. Data were obtained through participant observation in the field and interviews with local communities and institutions representatives, as well as through the documentary analysis. The research found that the creation of protected areas in Brazil and India represents a significant strategy to give effectiveness to international environmental norms and constitutes an advance towards the conservation of the mangrove ecosystem. The conditions of social opportunities in the two reserves are very similar, but the right to participation is better ensured in the RESJP. However, it is necessary to broaden the opportunities for community participation in the governance and conservation of environmental resources in the protected mangrove areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elemento de benção, região de maldição: uma análise da gestão de recursos hídricos no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CIRILO, Brenda Batista; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The main objective of this study was to analyze the existing limitations for the management of water resources in the State of Pará, related to the implementation of management instruments and base entities for decentralization, as set forth in the Water Resources Policy of the State of Pará (Law No. 6,381 of 2001). For this purpose, it was necessary to investigate: a) the limitations existing in the historical trajectory of the process of water regulation in Brazil, which hinder the implantation of these legal devices; b) regional and local limitations; c) the limitations of the State Water Management Authority (SEMAS/PA); and d) the role of municipal public authority in the management of water resources on a local and inter-municipal scale. Field research was carried out in two stages: the first with environmental secretariats of the municipalities comprising Marapanim river basin and Itacaiúnas river basin, and the second with employees and former employees of SEMAS/PA. Based on common resource management theories, with emphasis on the Resource Curse Hypothesis and its deployment, it was found that the institutional system designed by the State for the management of water resources in the Amazon does not effectively comply with the principles of decentralization and participation from the Water Resources Policy, compromising the implementation and effectiveness of legal provisions by promoting a model of regional development that privileges the interests of specific economic groups, which reflects in state and local management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Empresas de pesca no estado do Pará e suas atividades inovativas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-13) ALMEIDA, Inailde Corrêa de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The industrial sector in the state of Pará was established over a long period of decades and is responsible for generating employment and income. Given an increasing demand for fish consumption in Brazil and worldwide, an innovation as a strategic measure to maintain competitive advantage in the market. The benefits of technological changes provide a new way of doing things, the search for new perspectives along with technological interactions and human development. To carry out this work as interviews, it is possible to obtain some agents from the sector (Municipal Secretaries of Fisheries, Presidents of Indicators and Statistics). After interviews in the industries that receive and collaborate with a survey. Heads of quality control, heads of sales, production managers and some entrepreneurs were interviewed. In this context, the object of this research was to understand the innovative strategies of fishing companies in the state of Pará, analyzing, the internalization of the culture of innovation in companies and their adaptation and survival strategies. Based on theorists who discuss innovation and embedding historical elements of support in the discussion. Thus, the basic question of the research is to verify the possible innovative process that the industries have been carrying out, and what are the obstacles for this transformation to happen. The discussion about the innovation of the fishing industries in Pará brings to light the need to stimulate the new organizational profile, given the uniqueness that the sector has in the Amazon and the limitations brought about by overfishing (reduction of fishing stocks). These fishing industries have made little progress in generating technological innovations, and the innovative strategies found aim to meet the legislative requirements of National and International Sanitary Inspection, demonstrated by the constant adjustments of the quality control of the industries, the regular adaptations to meet the sanitary measures of the Asian and North American countries, its main customers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias para manejo dos recursos naturais na pesca de Camarão-da-Amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) na ilha de Sirituba, Abaetetuba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CAETANO, Marta Coutinho; LEE, James Tony; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1693070833836566; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This thesis analyzes strategies for the community management of artisanal fishing of the Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) and its relationship to the local economy of the Amazon basin in the communities of Santa Maria and São Miguel, Sirituba Island, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil. The main objective was to examine how the artisanal fishing of Macrobrachium amazonicum is linked to the production of local natural resources and which strategies the local population can employ in the Abaetetuba Islands to reduce predatory prawn fishing in the region. Can the extraction of local products, together with sustainable prawn fishing, such as catch experiments using modified fishing techniques (matapi), knowledge of local rules and regulations and appropriate management of natural resources (fishing and extraction) reduce the size of the catch? Strategies such as this experiment show that there was an increase in the total weight of the catch, resulting in higher incomes. Furthermore, this production, combined with other extraction products and additional measures such as environmental education and fishing outreach courses, helps to reduce predatory fishing. Of the total production recorded in the island (the seasonal extraction of açai and mirity palm, as well as fish and prawn fishing), over 80% was for sale and complements the income of fishermen. Qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted, using open and closed questionnaires, together with a piece of participatory research and a case study. They were relevant for the two communities and for the type of matapi, given that they can increase the size of the catch. Catch data evidenced the existence of predatory fishing. Other natural resources (açai, fish and mirity) and governmental programs are essential and complementary to fishermen's incomes. In the Islands, prawn fishing has great potential for supplying the region's local fish trade. It also involves a type of social organization that promotes the community management of wetlands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão ambiental e a participação social em programas urbanos em Belém: o Programa de Saneamento da Estrada Nova
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) RIOS, Naiara de Almeida; LIMA, Ana Carolina Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0290918767412787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-5169-6739; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Social participation is one of the hallmarks of Brazil's redemocratization from the 1990s onward. During this period in the city of Belém, social movements were connected to the struggle for better living conditions, particularly in the lowland (floodplain) areas of the city. The demand for sanitation and macro-drainage projects became one of their key issues. These areas have a history of unplanned occupation and have grown on the fringes of sanitation, health, safety, and leisure services. Additionally, the floodplains are floodprone areas, and with intense urbanization, flooding has become one of the biggest problems, causing socio-environmental disruptions and material losses for their inhabitants. In response to this reality, in 2005, the city government created the Sanitation Program of the Estrada Nova Basin – PROMABEN, inspired by the residents of the lowland areas of the Estrada Nova watershed (comprising the neighborhoods of Jurunas, Condor, Cremação, Guamá, Cidade Velha, Batista Campos, São Brás) since the 1990s. The program aimed to develop sanitation and macro-drainage works in the area, benefiting more than 300,000 residents directly and indirectly. PROMABEN was designed from the perspective of the democratic city management model, thus social participation is an obligatory component of this program, also guaranteed in the operational policies of its main financier, the IDB. Consequently, the Community Participation Program (PPC) of PROMABEN was created, which aims to include mechanisms for perception and social involvement of the residents, ensuring transparent and democratic intervention, enabling the discussion of social demands and aspirations. This study's main objective is to analyze social participation in the Estrada Nova basin through the actions of PROMABEN. To structure the thesis, the work was divided into six chapters. To achieve the defined objectives, three important stages were considered: the first involved secondary data collection, the second involved interviews with program technicians and community leaders in the area, and the last involved data analysis and results. Based on the collected results, it was possible to create a participation indicator, developed from the relationship between the interviewees' perceptions and the results indicators signaled by the PPC. These indicators were divided into three main groups to facilitate analysis (Quality of life, Strengthening of organizations, and Social and environmental improvements). The Quality of life indicator was considered poor, the Strengthening of organizations indicator was evaluated as poor, and Social and environmental improvements were seen as moderate. It is believed that the social organization of the basin's residents has promoted various socio-environmentalimprovements, but these are not directly linked to PROMABEN. The social initiatives showed that they are an attempt by residents to bring dignity to the area, which continues to suffer from political neglect and lacks sanitation, education, health, and leisure services. According to the residents interviewed, social participation within the program was seen as limited and simplistic, and thus did not contribute significantly to transforming the area's socio-environmental reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto da criação do projeto agroextrativista na gestão participativa dos recursos comuns na várzea Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-03) THOMAS, Shaji; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Wetlands in the lower Amazon basin occupy approximately 800.000 km2, and the floodplains of the Amazon River and its larger tributaries represent approximately 40% of this total. Floodplain is a rich environment with fertile soils and abundant natural resources. Throughout the history of human occupation, the floodplain played a central role in the economy of the Amazon region. Despite the importance of the region, land ownership was always ambiguous in these areas. Since 2006, the Government created 15 Projects of Agro-extractive Settlement Project (PAE) in the region of the lower Amazon floodplain in order to regulate land ownership and to encourage the process of community participation in the management of natural resources. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact brought by the creation of PAE in regional planning and governance of natural resources in the floodplain. The research data collection was through participant observation method in the field, literature review, focus groups and interviews with representatives of the communities, institutions and government bodies responsible for implementing of the PAEs. The study area is located in two Settlement Projects of the lower Amazon floodplain in the municipalities of Santarém and Alenquer. 86% of the communities of PAEs analysed had some sort of Community fishing agreement, which internally governed the use of fishery resources in lakes communities. Interviews with community leaders in the region, 82% showed dissatisfaction with the process of the implementation of PAE. Relative to the Utility Plan (PU), which defines the regulations of the PAE, 33% consider that the rules hinder the development of floodplains. However, 77% of respondents believe that the PU is necessary for the proper functioning of the settlement. The research pointed out that the major difficulties for the implementation of the Project include the lack of dialogue between the community and governmental entities as the INCRA - responsible for the implementation of PAE, the non-delivery of land titles and the lack of definition regarding the ranchers who occupy land in the region. The study also pointed out that the implementation process of the PAEs, besides not solving problems related to land occupation, weakened the organizational autonomy of communities in natural resource management of floodplains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto da dinâmica da demanda dos frutos de açaí nas relações socioeconômicas e composição florística no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-31) ALVEZ VALLES, Carlos Mariano; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
In recent decades the demand for açaí in the state of Pará increased gradually given that the production and market of açaí fruit are the basis of the economy of more than 20 cities of Pará. The practice of extraction of açaí is carried out by men, women and children, driving up the consumption and currently turning to marketing. Due to this fact, the dynamic extraction of açaí began to change by the increased demand of açaí for the market, especially for the value the importance and economic interest. This study aims to assess the impact of changes of demand of açaí fruit in the (i) socioeconomic relation of income of açaí and (ii) density and floristic composition of agro-forestry areas managed by the riverine populations. The study was conducted in the Sao Joao Batista community, municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará - Brazil. The population's main source of labor extraction of açaí fruit. This was done with semi-structured and open interviews to the families of the community considered small and median açaí producers. The interviews encompassed two components, the economic aspect and the social aspect. In addition, data were collected daily on the amount of the basket of açaí berry collected, consumed and sold, and the price of each basket, in order to characterize the production and price in the different seasons of the crop. Also conducted a floristic inventory through an inventory in order to characterize the vegetation, to assess the density and floristic composition of palm area. For this set up a total of 10 plots of 20 x 50 m (1000 m2 or 0.1 ha) distributed in five selected properties, measuring the diameter of all trees adults > 10 cm DAP and palm trees with DAP > 2 cm and estimated the total height (H) of each individual from the base to the highest point of the leaves. The analysis of the diversity of palm areas used the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index through the statistical program PAST - PAlaentologicalSTatistics, ver. 1.27. The main results were that the population of São João Batista community, the commercialization of acai as the main family income, and smaller-scale fishing for fish and shrimp. The sale of the production of açaí is made to intermediaries (marreteiros) (55%), market Abaetetuba (29%), the market in Belém (10%) and to marreteiro and/or market Abaetetuba (6%). The municipality of Abaetetuba from 2005 has a drop in extractive production from 10,500 t (2004) to 900 t (2005) and progressively decreasing until 770 t (2008). But, the amount of cultivated açaí production increased from 15,625 t (2003) to 131,250 t (2008) representing 99.4% of total production. In the community, was inventoried 1043 individuals of trees with a total of 11 families and 28 species, occupying larger basal areas the families Arecaceae (8.83) and Fabaceae (6.77) and with larger numbers of individual (831 and 147 respectively). The species with the highest importance value index (IVIS) and density were Euterpe oleracea (777 individuals), Pterocarpus sp. (126) and Mauritia flexuosa (50). Obtained low values in the Simpson 0.4275 and Shannon 1.071 index, which indicates that it has a low diversity resulting from management activities and extraction of palm heart and açaí fruit leading to a monoculture for consumption and sale of fruits. As a conclusion the increase of price is forced by rising demand, causing the expansion of areas for cultivation and planting of açaí to increase the production. The socioeconomic impact of management and cultivation of palm areas on the riverside and extractive economy of the Amazon estuary generates great opportunities for employment, income and quality of life for the people of the plains and the urban centers, especially favoring to the poor people
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Instituições públicas e gestão de recursos naturais: um estudo sobre as concessões florestais na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-02) ROSÁRIO, Liliane Ferreira do; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The management of public forests in Brazil is regulated by Law No. 11,284 of March 2, 2006, as a measure to contain the progress of deforestation, foreign exchange evasion and land grabbing, mainly in the Amazon. In this sense, the management of native forests through forest concession intends to improve the capacity of federal, state and municipal governments to manage their forest patrimony by sharing the responsibility of combating land grabbing with the private sector, preventing predatory exploitation of forest resources, promoting their sustainable use and economic development through forest concessions. This dissertation studies the management of public forests through forest concessions in Conservation Units of Sustainable Use located in the Brazilian Amazon in order to know the effectiveness of these forest concessions, object of this study. In general, the questions that supports the research problem of this dissertation are linked to the difficulties encountered by the state in indirectly controlling the behavior of private agents in relation to the use of wood resources in native forests. In order to analyze the financial feasibility of the concessions, the deterministic methods of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to evaluate the quality of the management and to verify the occurrence of illegal exploitation. This study also analysed satellite images from landsat, which were processed to generate the NDFI index. The study started with the following hypothesis: Failures in the implementation of command and control mechanism in these forest concessions, linked to deficiencies in the institutional environment, may affect the environmental and economic performance of the public forests management through the current model of concessions. The results show that the contracted companies, that were part of this study, explored the forest resources beyond what was allowed, it was also reported that only one of the companies participating in the study presented intermediate-quality forest management, the others were classified as forest management of low quality, accepting in this way the hypothesis of study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo Florestal Comunitário na Amazônia Brasileira: uma abordagem sobre manejo adaptativo e governança local dos recursos florestais em Reserva Extrativista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LIMA, César Augusto Tenório de; SCHMINK, Marianne; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The forest handling developed by communities in Amazonia has practically 20 years of existence and it is still considered unviable in the way that it is conceived nowadays, and their guidelines need to be discussed. The initiatives that exist are subsidized by the public authorities, or private organizations that decide the intensity of field exploration based on legislations directed to a timber extraction business and opposite to the principles and habits of local communities. The work has as objective to analyze, in an integrated way, the adaptive management and local governance, as the approaches that can support community forest management in the Brazilian Amazon. The research was structured from the studies in the RESEX Green Forever, in Pará, seeking, through the trajectory of five communities, to set up the community forest management according to its conditions and needs, making use of the logging resources through traditional practices. The investigation has happened for seven years (2010-2016), using a method based on the observer-participant technique and diagnostic tools of participatory organizational development methodology for the qualitative and quantitative information collection, complemented by bibliographic and documentary research, as well as depth interviews. To analyze the empirical data, it was used a theoretical and methodological framework that met this search, being able to support future research, and a study about forest economical viability to decide if the management plans will get the desired success. The results showed that the RESEX are cultural forests where the family's way of life, their histories and traditions must be recognized. In this logic, the management plans were adapted to the reality of the communities and it is economically viable, as well as the local government was considered the most appropriate arrangement to make the management and use of forest goods, suggesting a system of governance between communities and State that can build a new institutionalism in protected areas. In this context, there is the appearance of the “new common”, described by protagonism and autonomy in decision making and by a network of collaboration among communities that practice extractivism, seeking in collective actions to ensure their human rights and social environmental justice. The community forest management in the Amazon needs to be urgently resignified, which implies a conceptual change that is able to corroborate with simplified laws and public policies adjusted to forest peoples.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Marco regulatório da aquicultura e sua influência sobre o desenvolvimento da atividade no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-10) COSTA, Josele Cristina de Oliveira; BRABO, Marcos Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4274389612082613; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The state of Pará has natural conditions favorable to the development of aquaculture, but its current production does not even meet the demand of the domestic market, since fish, crustaceans and molluscs from other federative units are still widely consumed. The regulatory framework of the activity is pointed out by experts as one of the main responsible for this context, which also has the vast majority of aquaculture enterprises operating irregularly. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of legislation on the performance of aquaculture in the territory of Pará. For this, a historical survey of the federal and state regulatory framework of the activity was carried out, evidencing its temporal evolution and aspects in which the second can adopt more restrictive criteria than the first. Regarding the municipalities of Pará, their legal norms were consulted in order to identify possible distinctions in relation to the state regulatory framework and to assess the adequacy of the legal hierarchy between the norms and the administrative spheres. Finally, possibilities for changes in state legislation capable of promoting investment attraction for this production chain were presented. It was found that the legislation of the state of Pará is more restrictive than the federal legislation with regard to the cultivation of exotic species. The states that make up the Legal Amazon differ on the criteria for the cultivation of species, even making up the same hydrographic basins, which compromises the effectiveness of the environmental management of exotic species in the state of Pará. There is legal uncertainty in fish farming and shrimp farming of exotic species in the state of Pará regarding the differences existing in the legislation and in the case of oyster farming due to the legal inadequacy of the reality of the local producer. The municipalities of Paragominas and Mãe do Rio legislate on exotic species, Mãe do Rio exceeds the competence of the municipality when it comes to the granting of water resources. The existing legal differences regarding the size and classification of aquaculture directly affect the environmental licensing of the activity in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Peixes ornamentais: conhecimento tradicional e regulamentações sobre o manejo da atividade pesqueira no território indígena remanso - Chorrobocón, Guainía - Colômbia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-29) LOPEZ, Juan David Guzman; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This research offers an analysis of the community management process develop by indigenous fishermen in the ornamental fishery activity and their relation with the institutions responsible of the control of this sector, highlighting: the factors that has facilitated and hindered the participation of the fishermen in the management initiative; the natural resources use systems and their incidence in the family economy; the relation that exists between local arrangements and the formals norms among ornamental use resource, likewise, the relations generated between the agents involved into the management of this activity. This study is characterized by been descriptive analytic from a qualitative approximation by a participatory research, been implemented by the use of rural participatory diagnostic tools and semi-structured interviews; the information was ordered and analyzed by the use of analysis categories and the implementation of two information triangulation types (intra and inter) to maximize the efforts validity made in the field, and to reduce the information subjectivity and maximize the research stringency. The results founded shows that, from the different extractive activities developed by the community, the mining garimpo and the ornamental fishery have been the most constants; however, the illegality conditions of the first has led to the decline, meanwhile the fishery consolidates as the principal resource of income for the habitants; among the factors that have influence in the fishermen participation level along the management process, were found: the institutional intervention, the resource depletion, the inequality in the commercial relations, the internal conflicts, the external pressure, the property regime and the mining depletion. The implementation of the management system adopted by the fishermen is constituted by the syncretism between the local norms supported in the traditional knowledge and the government regulation, in response to the necessity to maintain a stable resource of income than the detriment made by the transgression in the traditional norms around the territory management. In reference to the government scope, the institutional plans does not contains constant programs among this sector, their work is limited to short term plans, besides constants reforms difficult the accomplishment of their responsibilities and the recognition of their functions by the local populations. The main conclusions are: the extractive economics dynamics introduced new acculturation elements that deteriorated the traditional scheme of the social organization and produce new natural resource use possibilities that have led the population into the search of a social ascent from the economic scope; despite the association been based in democratic principles, his performance depends in the clans rivalries that predominates in the community; the fishermen depends from the institutional intervention for the consolidation of their management system, that’s why, the institutional discontinuity have created the weakening of the organization process; the regulation effective application and the local arrangements between fishermen are limited, by one side, the lack of resource, personal and political will restricts its work, by the other side, the external demand and the economic benefits necessity determine the effectiveness of the arrangements implemented; besides, still does not exist a clear instance of coordination that allows to harmonized the institutional programs for the management of this activity