Navegando por Orientadores "LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da percepção de alunos do ensino fundamental sobre o uso e a qualidade da água no município de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RÊGO, João Ricardo Souza do; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
This work has as main objective to analyze the perception of students of a college located in the Municipality of Belém, capital of the State of Pará, on the quality of water consumed daily, as well as to verify how this theme is approached in the school context, using the Critical analysis of the political pedagogical project of the college, physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the water consumed and the application of the questionnaire to the students, being these students of disciplines related to the Environment theme. The number of interviewees consisted of 62 students from the 6th to the 9th year of elementary education in the morning and afternoon periods, during the first semester of 2016. The dissemination and discussion of the results obtained in the research took place in the Cultural Scientific Show of the school, through Of banners and workshops, games, experiments, videos, among other activities, where it was possible to verify students' understanding of the issue of quality and importance of water, problems related to water use in neighborhoods and alternatives Conservation of water resources. Comparing the students' answers on the subject, the results of the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the water consumed by these students, as well as the critical analysis of the PPP, it is possible to verify that the poor quality of the water indicated in the physical, Was perceived by the students. When questioned about water supply, a significant majority of the students pointed out the lack of water (47, 85.45%), as well as their poor quality when arriving at the residences (41; 74.55%). In addition, when asked about the fate of the city's water reservoir, most stated that it is basically for human consumption (37; 67.27%). It should be noted that the students associate the water quality with macroscopic aspects, such as presence of smell (29; 52.73%), mainly. By means of these results it was possible to determine the level of knowledge that the students have on the topic "quality of the water consumed", as well as to gather the necessary data to guide the goals of this work. Analyzing the school's Political Educational Project (PPP), it was possible to verify that educational strategies are established in the field of Environmental Education, as determined by educational guidelines. The data collected, based on the interview with the students, were determinant to associate goals that could correspond with the primary objective of the PPP, as well as to bring improvements outside the school scope with respect to the sustainable conduct in society. In this sense, it can be concluded that students have the perception of the importance of good quality water for the multiple human uses, as well as being able to identify which attitudes are detrimental to the maintenance of water quality. In summary, the study revealed that the students of the São Paulo College are aware of the problems related to the water quality of the municipality in which they live (Belém) and understand that they are also agents that cause these problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de perdas econômicas geradas pela erosão em ambiente praiano: caso da praia de Ajuruteua – Bragança/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) RODRIGUES, Hygson da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The beach of Ajuruteua-PA, 36 km from the municipality seat of Bragança-Pará, has undergone constant morphological transformations due to the process of marine erosion. Such erosions have been causing disasters during periods of full tide (equinox and syzygy). In addition, the lack of planning in the management of the use and occupation of the territory caused several environmental consequences and the quality of life of the population. The objective of this work was to estimate the economic losses directly and indirectly generated by water erosion, through the Cost of Replacement Method (MVCR), and to contribute to the actions of civil defense in dealing with natural disasters. It also aims to collaborate with the planning and actions of public policies in order to avoid further harm to the population at risk, as well as to propose improvements for environmental management, the issue of territorial reordering and the social confrontation related to natural disasters. A questionnaire and checklist applied to a random sample of housing units can assess the costs of losses and damages caused by the phenomenon, as well as the application of the MVRC to analyze the losses for recovery / reconstruction or the total loss of the property without the recovery of the damage. The results indicate that there are many attempts to contain erosion along the coastline of Ajuruteua Beach, but these do not provide definitive solutions to the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider measures that reduce the exposure to the risk of facing disasters and prevent losses or high costs with the recovery, reconstruction or reallocation of properties and families that are resident in the region. The average Replacement Cost (CR) of the 81 buildings located in the tidal range, considering the average Internal Unit Cost (CUi) of R$ 34.708,76 and the Average External Unit Cost (CUe) of R$ 43.388,63; was R$ 6.325.889,40. Indicating that socioeconomic losses can be significant, and should be rethought in the direction of the management of coastal space.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do potencial de risco de rompimento em barragens de rejeito de mineração do Estado do Pará utilizando a metodologia Risk-Based Profiling System (RBPS).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-30) CONCEIÇÃO, Raimundo Almir Costa; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The serious and very serious socioenvironmental disasters related to disruption in mining tailings dams have been exhibiting worldwide, a growing tendency since the 1960s and this is directly related to the increasing production of waste. In this context, there is a fundamental necessity for risk and safety analyzes of these dams, which can be done through methods that estimate the probability occurrence of disruption events, in order to make the decision to have a process more focused and safe. One of these analyzes is the so-called Risk-Based Profiling System (RPBS), which allows us to gauge, from qualitative data, the probability of a disruption and its probable consequences, which comes from the four most frequent scenarios (static, hydrological, seismic and operation and maintenance). This analysis was applied to six mining dams in the State of Pará, municipalities of Parauapebas, Paragominas and Canaã dos Carajás. The results showed, in the universe of analysis, dam B3 was the one with the highest failure rate (455.18), followed by the dam B1 (428.63) and the dam B2 (375,66). However, the dam with the highest risk for downstream areas was B2 with a Total Risk Index of 969.20 points, mainly due to the large number of possible people affected (12,900 people). This same dam is the one that would affect the greatest number of socioenvironmental components, defined then with possible cause of extreme damages. Compared with the risk analysis established in law, the RBPS analysis showed similarities, but more detailed in function of the four scenarios of analysis that will be generated, rather than just one. A risk analysis guide for dams was created as well, which came out from this present study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Acará, Amazônia Oriental: subsídios ao planejamento ambiental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-22) DIAS, Filipe Gomes; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Áreas úmidas e indicadores ambientais de planície flúvio estuarina na Amazônia Oriental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) PINTO, Álvaro José de Almeida; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The most extensive floodplains in the world occur in the Amazon River basin. In these locations, along the largest rivers, pulses of periodic flooding produce seasonal and dynamic connectivity between the smaller channels and the adjacent wetlands. Wetlands play a vital role in water quality, in addition to providing coastal stabilization and erosion control, aquifer recharge, serve as important habitats. The present study aimed to elaborate, based on environmental indicators, the characterization and classification of an estuarine fluvial plain in a humid area, and to evaluate its degree of environmental impact using bioindicators as an analysis tool, considering a gradient of water bodies. The present study took place in the municipalities of Barcarena and Abaetetuba, having an important and significant role, economic-financial, socio-cultural and migratory and ecological-environmental for the region and for the Amazon as a whole. In the present study, it was divided into two stages, considering the hypothesis and specific objectives. The first stage of characterization and classification of the region as wetlands, and the second stage was the use of biological indicators as a way of measuring the environmental quality of the areas. The indicators used for stage I were altimetry, rainfall, hydrography and land use and coverage, and such information was processed in a GIS environment. Additionally, the Topographic Index of Wet Areas (ITU) was used, and the method of map reclassification (topography, land use and precipitation) was proposed, generating product through map algebra, then defining areas with Potential for Formation of Wet Areas (PFAU). The second stage, was carried out after the classification of PFAU’s, using macrozoobenthos as an indicator of environmental quality. Sampling in the main drainages distributed in three sectors with different potential impacts. The sectors were: i) high impact sector ii) medium impact sector iii) low impact sector. In general the region of the present study predominates low altimetric values, the pluviometric precipitation for the annual accumulated, varied from 3594 mm to 4844 mm, not being a marked difference, more than 50% of the soil is characterized as area of agriculture and fields, being directly linked to the modified environments either by the occupation of the industrial pole, or by the use of land with buildings. It was possible to delimit the areas with the potential to form wetlands, being directly linked to the topographic processes and the main drainages. The results indicated that the structure of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the drainages surrounding the industrial port complex, shows a loss of environmental quality, with extreme effects of a fall in abundance and diversity. More tolerant taxa (Namalycastis caetensis, Cirolana sp., Pseudosphaeroma sp., Tubificidae and Chironominae) and sensitive (hydropsychidae and Eteone sp.) Impact conditions were identified and evaluated as potential bioindicators for monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá–Pará, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-28) ROCHA, Nívia Cristina Vieira; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Guamá river basin covers nineteen municipalities in Northeast of Pará, region whit the highest demographic density in the state. The objective of this research is to apply the water sustainability index for Guamá river basin, from hydrological aspects (using the Curve Number methodology), environmental (analysis of the percentage of area composed of vegetation), social (indexes that contribute to analyze the quality of life) and management (the analysis of the institutional potential). For a better analysis, the Guamá river basin was divided into eight sub-basins. The results for the hydrological indicator showed a medium feature in relation to sub-basins; the environmental indicator showed the difference of the sub-basins in relation to the vegetation cover; the social indicator presented worse performance in relation to the other indicators; and the management indicator presented characteristics that point to the need to a Institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin presents the intermediate sustainability index. Considering the context in which this river basin is located, measures are needed for strategic planning related to the management, and the managers and other sectors of society should work more efficiently to minimize pressures on the remaining vegetation, to strengthen institutional capacity and improve the quality of resources and life of the population, with the intention of potentiate the sustainability of the entire basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do processo de cobertura da terra no entorno de usinas hidrelétricas na Amazônia brasileira: a evolução da UHE de Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-16) MONTOYA, Andrés Danilo Velástegui; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The analysis of the environmental impacts produced by the construction of megaprojects in the Amazonia has been the field of study of several researches. In this work, the object of study was the Tucuruí hydroelectric power plant, built in the state of Pará. Since it is a strategic region for the expansion of the capacity of hydroelectric power generation of Brazil, it has been the focus of several analysis approaches aimed at subsidizing the best characterization of future scenarios. The model of land cover change was discussed in the riparian areas and in the surroundings of the reservoirs, motivated by the modification of the dynamics of the natural ecosystems. This phenomenon is caused by the extensive reservoirs and migratory aspects, in an already consolidated situation. It was carried out a multitemporal mapping and analysis of Landsat satellite images of the representative dates of the different stages of construction, inauguration, expansion and current scenario of the hydroelectric power plant. It was also sought to verify if the increase of the anthropic areas, in the municipalities directly affected by the reservoir, have a compensatory role in the improvement of the socioeconomic conditions in the region. In fact, these regions absorb the social, economic and environmental costs associated with the construction and operation of the plants, while the energy benefits are distributed to other regions of the country. It is hoped, therefore, to contribute with a critical evaluation of the new hydroelectric plans, predicting the possible environmental and social impacts of the project, given the history of events already observed in the Tucuruí hydroelectric power plant. Also, to contribute to the debate on elements that induce "regional development", thus subsidizing public management, the private sector and the academic community, regarding the formulation and implementation of actions aimed at the improvement of life quality in these localities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos usos múltiplos das águas e viabilidade de aproveitamento da água da chuva na Reserva Extrativista de São João da Ponta, Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mocajuba-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) SALAS CUESTA, Jhanier; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The supply of water with quality, quantity, continuity and reasonable cost are necessary to ensure the benefits for human health, especially in riverside and rural communities. Unsustainable anthropogenic activities, such as livestock farming and agriculture, release of polluted effluents into water bodies that may cause changes in the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of water, consequently limiting its use. The objective of this work is to evaluate the multiple uses of water and the feasibility of using rainwater in the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve area, belonging to the Mocajuba-Pa river basin, considering the demand and the local conditions of water supply. A theoretical and practical methodology was implemented using secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), National Information System on Sanitation (SNIS), Secretariat of State for Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) and Municipal Secretary of Health, Surveillance and Control of São João da Ponta. For the construction of the primary database, interviews were carried out at the Municipality of São João da Ponta, at the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Secretariat and the Municipal Environment Secretariat, and forms were applied in the municipal headquarters of São João da Ponta and in the community of Jacarequara. The data was organized in a quantitative database to characterize the water consumption. From this information, it was evidenced that 76% of the population in the municipality of São João da Ponta is in a situation of poverty vulnerability. The average water consumption per capita resulted in 146 liters per day. The water consumption in agriculture is approximately 12698.9 m3/ha, and livestock demands on average 28 m³ / day per animal. Along the amount of water used for these economic activities, a greater problem is that farmers use water from nearby rivers and streams, which are the same bodies of water used for leisure by the local population. Another persistent problem is the fishermen’s use of poison from a toxic plant, known as "timbó”, which is a source of water contamination and cause of death for aquatic fauna. In addition, the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water consumed in São João da Ponta were analyzed through data provided by the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Department, where it can be seen that approximately 83% of the samples have presence of Total Coliforms and 36.8% of E. Coli bacteria. According to information from the technical reports from the municipal headquarters, of 35 water samples collected, 94.29% were identified as unsatisfactory in the final result. An evaluation of rainwater utilization was also carried out; where the amount of rainfall in the study region was evaluated using information from rain gauges at Castanhal, Vigia and Curuçá monitored by the National Water Agency, In a complementary way, the regional estimates obtained from 43 ANA pluviometric stations (period 1985-2014) generated by the Laboratory of Hydroenvironmental Studies and Modeling. The roof measurements were taken considering the procedures adopted by the Water Utilization Research Group Of the Rainfall in the Amazon of the Federal University of Pará, through the Environmental Nucleus (NUMA) in partnership with the Institute of Technology. For the water tank sizing, five (5) methods recommended in the NBR 15527 were considered: (a) Rippl method, (b) Brazilian Practical Method or Azevedo Neto Method, (c) German Practical Method, (d) Practical Method English and the (e) Australian Practical Method. With all this information, it can be observed the region presents a rainfall index that guarantees good water supply for human consumption and some economic activities. For the processing of the data, the multi-criteria method Multipol was implemented. This tool helped in the comparison of the different actions for problems related to the water uses, considering multiple criteria and policies. It was evidenced that policies/actions of environmental education, agricultural management and environmental and water resources management policies are necessary to maintain a Blue scenario, in where water supply with adequate quality, loss control, and with ample access is guaranteed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico ambiental de nascentes: um estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) FARIAS, Marília Gabriela de Sena; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The water problem over the years has gained importance in the national scenario,In this context, the State of Pará, despite having an abundance of water resources, has been in charge of these discussions, as has happened in the mobilization of the Marapanim river basin committee. The Marapanim river basin, located in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Marapanim, has clearly undergone several processes of environmental degradation, especially in its springs located in urban perimeters, it is evident that these have suffered a strong anthropic influence. Due to the local importance and the need for preservation of the sources, this research aims to carry out the environmental diagnosis in the sources of the Marapanim-Pará river basin, based on a proposal of a macroscopic environmental assessment and with the perception of residents around the springs, and the actors involved in the formation of the Marapanim river basin committee. Based on this, analyzes of the environmental quality of six sources of the Marapanim river basin were carried out. The diagnosis used the methodology of Gomes et al. the 2005, in which macroscopic parameters were taken into consideration for the study, including the apparent color of water, odor, trash, floating materials, vegetation, presence of oils and sewage, protection of springs, type of insertion area where they were located, proximity to residences and their uses (both by humans and by animals). In the study area, it was observed that of the six sources investigated ten points obtained a diagnosis of their macroscopic parameters of Bad and one point was characterized as Bad. As for turbidity, the most compromised source studied through this parameter was the Pirapema spring, which obtained 179 (UNT), a high degree of degradation was observed, as there is a strong occurrence of sewage discharge, as well as degradation of the riparian forest has influence of the urbanization, translated by means of disordered occupation. The perception of the people interviewed, when questioned if they identified problems with the sources, the majority (92.59%) of the interviewees, affirmed that yes. At the end of the study it was suggested the recovery of four springs and management of two of the six springs studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico dos usos múltiplos das águas da bacia do rio Tracuateua - PA e sua associação com as formas de uso e cobertura do solo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-17) SILVA, Dhne Maria Pereira da; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The various uses of water in economic activities have caused significant changes in the quality and quantity of water resources. Currently, several studies and measures have been used by the federal and state governments in an attempt to reduce the changes of the natural environment caused by the intensification of unsustainable economic activities. From this premise, the study of the river basin Tracuateua aimed to identify the forms of water use and its association to human disturbance factors with greater interference on water resources of the municipality, and propose ways of management and management. To achieve the goal was executed: primary data collection in the field, the characteristics of the basin under study, and secondary, associated with map information, physical and socioeconomic characteristics; interviews to assess the performance of municipal management, representative civil society and of farmers; questionnaires to farmers, livestock farmers and residential users; and evaluation of information on federal and state projects for encouraging conservation practices and recovery of natural resources. Data were associated with the use of classes and soil cover of the study area, obtained by TerraClass project. The results showed that the region has a water user profile associated mainly to domestic uses and agriculture, where the threat to water resources is mainly due to the inadequate relationship between the forms of use and occupation of land and conservation of the basin, with a view to the water supply, in addition to problems related to aspect of sanitation to meet local demand. It is observed that the absence of municipal management of water resources and inadequate forms of occupation and management of land and water has contributed to the impairment of the availability of water in quantity and quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da paisagem e o processo de fragmentação florestal na bacia do Caeté
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-23) SANTOS, Milena de Nazaré Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Caeté River Basin is located in a very strategic region of the north-eastern region of Pará and has high levels of anthropization. In this scenario, the landscape has been transformed concomitantly to the processes of consolidation and expansion of the different types of land use and land cover. Thus, this work presents the landscape dynamics and forest fragmentation process for the Caeté Basin in the years 2004, 2010 and 2014 and its implications in the modulation of the contemporary space scenario. For this, the research is based on the following discussions: I - Comparison of land use and land use transition dynamics in the basin, using multitemporal analysis, based on TerraClass cartographic bases and Landsat / TM 5 satellite images, orbits 222 and 223, point 061, bands 3, 4 and 5, for the year 2004. II- Characterization and quantification of the fragments and configuration of the local landscape structure, based on landscape metrics and the use of the software Fragstats version 4.2. III- Identification of anthropic pressures and fragmentation reflexes on the Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit. In 2004 the pasture, forest and occupation mosaic classes elucidated a percentage of 80.39% of the total area of the basin. In 2014 the areas contained in these same classes totaled 87.26%. The indicative presented demarcates the intense consolidated spatial dynamics on the basin. The indices calculated in this section confirmed the predominance of pasture in the Caeté basin, using the Class Area (CA) and Percentage of Fragments (PLAND) metrics. On the other hand, the Total Edge (ET) and Edge Density (ED) indices showed that the process of forest fragmentation in the basin has been attenuated, due to the predominant edge indices on the forest class. The Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit presented a significant contribution to the processes of use and occupation in the region acting as an instrument to contain environmental impacts. The relevance of the research is represented by the integration of socio-environmental aspects associated with landscape dynamics, considering how human actions can affect the natural resource balance. It is hoped that data presented contribute as a subsidy for the integrated and participatory management of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Erosões urbanas para percepção de risco: o caso das voçorocas na cidade de Açailândia-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) MIRANDA, Antonio Carlos da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The forms of land use and occupation without proper planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, among them, mention is made of the emergence and acceleration of erosive processes, especially in places with natural vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the urban erosions for the perception of the risks in the gullies in Açailândia-MA. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and / or anthropic); the evolution of these processes, by altering the natural landscape; the erosive effects resulting from natural phenomena, controlling factors and anthropic actions; the characterization of erosive features in the gully areas; and its classification as a disaster according to the Brazilian Code of Disasters - COBRADE. For the development of the methodology, two gullies were chosen, located in areas with distinct characteristics, one being located in the Barra Azul neighborhood, a transition zone from rural to urban (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area in the Açailândia-MA Center. According to the results found in the research it was possible to conclude that this voçoroca disaster is classified by the Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disaster - COBRADE in 1.1.4.3.3. When analyzing the origin, shape and size of the two gullies, historical data were considered for 12 years, relating the advance to each end of the rainy season. The origin of the craters is related to the interactions of the anthropic and natural factors. On the other hand, the shapes of the craters are different: the barrel of the Barra Azul neighborhood is branched and the one of the neighborhood of Centro has irregular shape, and the two gullies present their sizes classified as very large. The eroded volumes are above 40,000 m³. As a final product, a model of an Emergency or Contingency Plan for Geological Disaster Occurrences - PLANECON was prepared for the city of Açailândia (MA). The development of this allows during the crisis to develop the operationalization, the procedures and actions that should be taken, adapting them to objective planning, the hierarchy of response actions in the planning of decisions, the actual situation of the disaster during the occurrence, the use of Erosive Disaster Risk Management actions in the use of non-structural and structural measures by the responsible bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fragilidade ambiental na bacia do rio Mocajuba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-17) CAVALCANTE, Juliane da Costa; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The hydrographic basin of the Mocajuba River has been densely occupied by the expansion of human activities. In this way, anthropization jeopardizes the permanence of the natural ecosystems and mangroves in this region. In this context, this work presents the dynamics of the landscape in the Mocajuba River basin between 1999 and 2018 and its implications for the natural fragility of the basin and the continuity of the mangroves in this region. To this end, the research is divided into the following items: (1) Analysis of land use and land cover in the hydrographic basin of Rio Mocajuba - PA, using the Object Oriented Classification (GEOBIA) and the Google Earth Engine platform as methods (GHG), in conjunction with the Random Forest classifier. (2) Application of the Potential and Emerging Environmental Fragility methodology, using natural data from the basin (pedology, geological units, altimetry and rainfall) in conjunction with anthropogenic data (land use and cover). (3) Temporal analysis of the mangroves in the basin between 1984 and 2018, observing the expansion and regression of this ecosystem, as well as the anthropic and environmental tensors to which they are susceptible. The land use and land cover classification methodologies presented different quantifications and accuracy. For 1999, the GEOBIA and Random Forest classification presented a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 and 0.92, respectively. For 2018, the coefficient was 0.73 and 0.8, respectively. For both methodologies, the class of Forestry Formation suffered a decrease and Non-Forestry increased. For the Mangrove class, the GEOBIA classification quantified an increase and the Random Forest decrease. In the environmental fragility methodology, the levels of potential and emerging fragility obtained were low, medium and high. Where 19.92%, 76.67% and 3.41% of the basin showed low, medium and high potential fragility, respectively. For emergent fragility, the mangrove and non-forest areas increased the natural fragility of the basin and the forest formation class provided an attenuation of this. In this case, the areas of low, medium and high emerging fragility were quantified at 18.39%, 67.57% and 14.04%, respectively. Mangrove areas decreased between 1984-1999 and 1999-2018. The data presented confirm the expansion of the anthropization of the basin and the interference of human activities in the dynamics and response of the mangroves in the face of natural tensors. As confirmed by the increase in the natural fragility of the basin provided by the expansion of these activities. In this way, the research becomes relevant for providing a systemic analysis between different areas, seeking to understand the functioning of the basin ecosystem, assisting in future research and initiatives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O geopatrimônio da Amazônia Oriental : Fósseis de Salinópolis, Pará, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-24) SEPULVREDA, Barbara Alves; COSTA, Sue Anne Regina Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3629751361208856; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-5148; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
Geoheritage is an extension of geodiversity that comprises elements of geological nature with heritage values, whether educational, scientific or cultural ones. Seeking their preservation, geoconservation comes up with discussions that aim at the protection, management and dissemination of geological heritage in its various forms. When it comes to natural heritage, we also consider the protection of ecosystems and socio-environmental dynamics. In this research, we analyze the geoconservation of the paleontological heritage of the municipality of Salinópolis, state of Pará, Brazil. The goal was to identify and propose subsidies for the conservation of the paleontological geoheritage of Salinópolis, considering the connections between geosciences and society. For this, we carried out a survey of scientific data on the fossils and paleontological sites of the city as well as interviews with representatives of Salinópolis, to check on the demands of public management. We also carried out a quantitative assessment of the paleontological site at Atalaia Beach, aiming its future recognition in the national inventories. It was possible to observe that there is an extensive scientific record of the salinopolitan geoheritage, which has been studied since the 19th century. However, this knowledge is restricted to the academic community, since city managers are unaware of the topic, in addition to the lack of collaboration between research institutions and the city hall. Moreover, the city’s sites are not mentioned in environmental conservation policies, precisely because they do not have formal recognition, although the site has high educational and tourist value in our assessment. Because of the importance of society’s role in the construction of heritage perceptions, it is necessary to change the perspective of science on geoheritage, in order to approach society in a democratic way, building sustainable relationships among science, population and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
História Ambiental do Alagado do Piry de Jussara, Belém-PA : uma reflexão acerca da ocupação urbana em áreas alagadas.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-20) SILVA, Marcus Vinicius Silva da.; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The city of Belém has suffered since its colonization with irregular occupation over flooded areas or water courses, this problem is still evident and recurring in our city today. This problem is largely attributed to the scarcity of topographically favorable areas and the lack of adequate housing planning. In 1616 (year of the colonization of Belém), historical reports point out that in the region where Avenida Almirante Tamandaré is located today there was a flooded area, called Alagado do Piry de Jussara, however, due to the need for urban expansion, the same was seen as a natural obstacle to the irradiation of the city, and with that, it underwent canalization and grounding processes. Thus, this research aimed to carry out a historical analysis of the region that was once occupied by Alagado do Piry, aiming to understand how this occupation process took place on this natural element, coupled with this, to carry out geomorphological studies that would allow to identify the accident geographic area in which the Alagado was located, in addition to seeking to understand the complex dynamics of the waters (precipitation and tide level) that operated and still operate in the region. At the end of the study, the results obtained corroborated and confirmed the hypothesis that the form of occupation and expansion of the city that has been used since colonization is mistaken, since, in addition to not having adequate housing policies, it does not take into account account of the characteristics of the region, such as low topography, high rainfall, and periodic rising tide; which ends up causing socio-environmental problems such as floods, floods and floods in numerous points in the city of Belém. Furthermore, the study also points to the worsening of these occurrences, since the city of Belém and the Metropolitan Region are among the areas of greater susceptibility to events conditioned by climate change, such as the increase in the average sea level.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos socioambientais atuais e de mudanças futuras na hidroclimatologia da bacia do rio Tapajós na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-09) SODRÉ, Vânia dos Santos Franco; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The intensification of land use and land cover has been increasing environmental and climatic problems in the Amazonian sub-basins, especially in the Tapajos River basin, which is important not only for the region, but for the whole country in terms of economic and socio-environmental issues. This research evaluated the increasing pressure imposed on the Tapajos River basin from the unsustainable use of water resources, deforestation on meteorological variables and the future hydroclimatology of the basin for the next 30 and 60 years. On the water issue, significant environmental impacts were observed in the Upper and Middle Tapajos, where unsustainable uses of water resources were identified from the various sectors of the economy, with emphasis on the increase in the number of industries and hydroelectric plants. Conversely, in the Lower Tapajos region there are still significant portions of conserved vegetation cover, which are essential for favoring evapotranspiration and, consequently, cloud formation, but an increase in the unsustainable use of water resources was observed in the region. In the relationship between deforestation and climate, it was noted the existence of correlations between deforestation rates and positive variations in temperature in the Middle Lower Tapajos region. However, no significant variations in precipitation were observed, but there is a slight negative trend (reduction), corroborating the anomaly and trend studies. In the future hydroclimatology, the results showed that the future impacts of climate change on precipitation and elevation measures, both for a more proximate climate (2021-2050) and for a climate at the end of the century (2051-2080), taking into account the moderate and pessimistic scenarios. It was also noted that there will be changes in the frequency of maximum and minimum extremes of precipitation and quota, especially in the regions of the Middle Lower Tapajos, being more sensitive to these changes at the Itaituba station.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental de cidades localizadas em áreas estuarinas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-31) ERAZO, Ana Cristina Olives; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The proposal and understanding of sustainable development require methods to make it possible its quantification and qualification based on indicators established to measure the sustainability of a system, using different variables that aim at the sustainability or not of a certain place. For this Research, two municipalities were chosen, Bragança (Brasil) and Esmeraldas (Ecuador), both with high environmental fragility and existence of protected areas made up by the ecosystem mangrove, with the goal of analyzing the level of sustainability in estuarine, Amazonian and Andean areas, by using he tool called Sustainability Barometer (SB). Forty indicators provided by official sources from both countries were selected, 23 of them were social, 3 were economic and the last 14 were environmental, the results showed that the municipality of Bragança (Brasil) reached the position of “Potentially Unsustainable to Intermediate” and the town of Esmeraldas (Ecuador) go tan “Intermediate performance”. This way, the results reached by the SB and the individual evaluation of the indicators, the environmental one in particular, set the evaluated environments in a risky situation, especially with the advance in percentage of the vegetal cover variation in areas close to water course of the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra e sua relação com a fragmentação florestal e o comportamento hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caripi-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-29) TAMASAUSKAS, Priscilla Flores Leão Ferreira; JARDIM, Mario Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The process of use and occupation of the northeastern region in Pará and the high fragmentation of forest, indicate impacts in the watershed, which can result in reducing the amount of water responsible for the flow of these systems. This study aimed to develop the multi-temporal mapping in order to define the classes of land use and land cover of the watershed of Caripi river, to evaluate the degree of fragmentation of forest, especially the riparian zones, and simulate their effects on run off behavior. The methodological procedures were: the temporal analysis of classes of land use and land cover from Landsat images; characterization in situ of the landscape units and description of the main environmental systems associated; identification and delineation of riparian zones; application of landscape metrics; and flow behavior estimate by Curve/Number SCS method. The results indicate that the basin is in an advanced state of fragmentation in the middle-higher course. The model and the field observations indicate that it may be affecting the water regime, with a considerable change of the flow, according the form of prevailing land cover. The maintenance of riparian forest in Caripi watershed is required.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra e o comportamento hidrológico da bacia do rio Capim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The implications of changes in land use and land cover affect the hydrological behavior of river basins; In this context, the catchment area of the Capim River located in the northeast of the State of Pará is inserted. The objective of this study was to relate the flow behavior with changes in land use and land cover for the years 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2014. For this, land use and land cover data from the TerraClass project was used to identify the proportion of the classes in the basin and in the APPs; for the evaluation of the hydrological behavior the average monthly flow and the quarters of higher and lower flow were analyzed, besides the spatialization and the behavior of the precipitation in the period from 1983 to 2014. The results indicate a reduction in the forest class for the Capim river basin , and an increase in the pasture and agriculture classes, but in the APPs an increase of the forest class was identified in the period from 2004 to 2014. There was a high correlation, both for the uses and coverages of the whole basin and for only the APPs of the resources between the forest and pasture classes with the flows of the Capim river. The analysis of the basin landscape showed an increase in forest fragmentation, and the metrics with the highest correlation with the flow behavior were total forest edge (TE) metrics, pasture aggregation index (AI) and intercalation index, and juxtaposition (IJI) and AI of agriculture; indicating that the fragmentation of the forest cover of the basin and expansion of the areas destined to pasture has been reflected in the behavior of the flow.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projetos minerários na Amazônia: avaliação prospectiva dos impactos socioambientais provenientes de grandes empreendimentos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-25) CARVALHO, Salma Saráty de; SILVA JUNIOR, Renato Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9901726764975912; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-6299; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The Amazon consists of a region recognized worldwide for its significant biodiversity, freshwater source, cultural diversity, territorial extension and mineral riches. Over the years, several municipalities have been going through the process of spatial reconfiguration due to the socio-environmental changes caused by the expansion of the borders of large enterprises and their respective significant environmental impacts. The Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA corresponds to a document presented as part of the environmental feasibility assessment in the environmental licensing process of a potentially and/or effectively polluting activity/enterprise, among which mining is included. The objective of this thesis was to analyze the methodologies for forecasting significant environmental impacts identified in the EIA's of mining projects and to verify the socio-environmental changes linked to the enterprises in Parauapebas municipality. Bibliographic reviews, documentary analyses of EIA's available in environmental agencies, analysis of series histories of socioeconomic indicators, application of comparative matrix and use of the Lee & Colley method for analysis of the quality of predictions were performed. The results present reflections on the process of occupation of the Amazon territory by large enterprises, the profile of the methods of predicting environmental impacts in the Amazon in the last 25 years, impacts predicted in EIA's of mineral extraction, quality of impact prediction methodologies and the prospective socio-environmental impacts triggered in Parauapebas. Finally, the research presented the relevance of the EIA's for environmental licensing as a preventive document, but it was also relevant in the environmental post-licensing for the management of natural resources and guarantee of the quality of life of society, attesting to the environmental viability of the enterprise in all its phases.