Navegando por Orientadores "MCGRATH, David Gibbs"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordos de pesca: desafios de implementação e consolidação em áreas de várzea do município de Gurupá, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-03) COSTA, Pâmela Melo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
Considering the context in which many decisions Amazon to protect and conserve the environment for the region often arise vertically, with no participation of the users of natural resources, local community in decision-making processes, and end up forgetting the empirical experiences this population is that they did this study. Through the methodological techniques: direct observation, application of semi-structured interviews, analysis of monitoring data sheets, we tried to look at the context of life gurupaense, especially those living on the floodplains of the municipality, and has considered agroextractivists activity fishing source of protein, income and who has been practicing in a shared mechanism of the Fisheries Agreement as a way of managing this activity. The research focuses on the Community Management of Shrimp implementation process and consolidate the participation of experts, NGOs and financing projects, as well as the social, economic and environmental conditions in periods in which there was or not the work of that outside mediation. The study showed that participation of outside mediation stimulated organizational processes and provided the local collective action, which even with the termination of support, self-management and community force is passed on to younger generations, but the study also shows that the challenge best indicators for the environmental levels is required technical support to promote scientific research in the field of Population Dynamics of Fish Stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodivesificacion de playas y barreales y su función en la economia familiar ribereña de la Amazônia Peruana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-14) RIOS ARÉVALO, Michelly; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The present agrobiodiversidad at playas and barreales them of the Amazonian Peruvian it was studied in Muyuy, sector once three hours was located of Iquitos City, the Region Loreto capital. The objective of work was guided to measure the agrobiodiversidad in these expeditious environments and its contribution in the family riverside economy. Firstly, we see than the agricultural activity practiced at playas and barreales them it takes place through a role of production with cultivations of short vegetative period (rice, caupí, peanuts, etc.); this to decrease the risk provoked by the repiquetes or flooding new yearly cycle. Data in the crop years of 1999 and 2004, they allow identifying the establishment of 9 and 2 cultivations respectively, this variation is due to flooding different behavior; variation that at the same time the formation of different environments like playas and barreales them: heights, means, and basses. From now on, we see than optimal barreal environment for the production of rice, it was promoted with agricultural credits - 2004; this implicated logically the incursion varieties certified or overdue ( Inti, Ecoarroz, Jar, Capirona, and Amor 107 ), tender to a fast inundabilidad like the happened in the crop year 2004. The results evidence than communities SPC, ODN, TPZ, CON and DDM benefited with the credits and affected by the flooding, managed to rescue to 10 % of the production expected of rice; find farmers' cases of the communities here DDM and MAZ that used precocious varieties not promoted with credits like the Milagrito also they managed rescue of 50 to 60 % of production. The farmers that established caupí at playas managed to make good use of approximately 10 % of the hoped-for production. The flooding that affected the cultivations near to the period of harvest created propitious environments for nutrition and protection of some fishes and tortoises sorts, this at the same time increased factors or resources of use for the farmers; here, the work of fishing was executed so much for overall consumption and the commercialization for part of some cases found in the studied communities, the more representative like the family shows 11 than as from this work of fishing you got the 2,9% of recuperation on the basis of the profitable calculation from the established cultivations; and of tortoises' capture the 3,1%. It is concluded that the cultivations lost by flooding can be recovered in more significant percentages, if adequate handlings without altering the environments of production be used as it happens with the chemical application of agriculture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e comparação de projetos comunitários de ostreicultura localizados no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) HOSHINO, Priscila; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The aquaculture is being characterized as strategy to minimize the reduction of the fish. At Pará, the oyster farming was implanted in 2003 as an opportunity regarding to occupation and profits generation at Northeastern of this state. In 2005 this initiative was expanded to other communities with different levels of familiarity with the mollusk, regarding to the support either on the researches in this sector or on the extractive activity. This research evaluated the communitarian oyster farming performance in the state of Pará. It was studied three projects with at least two years of implementation and with either different levels of preservation and oyster harvest activity. The implementation of the firsts cultivations occurred simultaneously and in a similar way regarding to institutional support, however with different performances. The main producer issues are to obtain the license to develop this activity and also the necessity to take care about the tide. It is necessary to provide more detailed feasibility studies, with more commitment from the side of the interested institutions in order to perform the actions they are supposed to work out, providing events where it will be possible to spread the information and discuss the aquaculture bottlenecks at the state of Pará, as well to provide a consolidated partners network to prepare the groups regarding to organization, activity management and helping in the market access. The most part of the oyster famers are small producers, artisanal fishermen that found a way to manage their families via oyster farming. However, the oyster farming is a secondary activity to them, once it is still not enough to support their necessities. Nevertheless, several farmers already declared once they manage how to increase the oyster production they will be exclusively dedicated to this activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O desafio das águas numa metrópole amazônida: uma reflexão das políticas de proteção dos mananciais da região metropolitana de Belém-PA (1984 – 2004)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-09) BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
To talk about constant interruptions in water supply to the population of the municipal districts that compose the Metropolitan Area of Belém - RMB, in the State of Pará, that is, without a doubt, favored by a rich net of great river basins (the Amazonian Basin, the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin and Coast of the Western Northeast), seems to be a great contradiction. If the problem is not in low hydric readiness as it happens in some metropolitan areas of the country (São Paulo, Recife and Rio de Janeiro), why are not the urban demands of the resident population in the expansion area of the metropolis being assisted satisfactorily? What factors would be committing the water supply system quality of RMB? And how have the Government of the State of Pará and the Municipal City Halls of Belém implemented policies for the protection of Utinga source, major responsible for the provisioning of that population? Those subjects presented, demonstrate us the central point of this theory that is to understand how in an Amazonian metropolis, located in an area rich in superficial and underground hydric accessibility, the public system of drinkable water supply of the Utinga source has been challenging the city to survive. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the importance of their water resources, the development level of its environmental and hydric legislation, as well as the need of drawing goals and management practices for the river basins, among them the ones used as fountainhead to the drinkable water supply of the Metropolitan Area of Belém. The subject that involves the administration of water resources in the paraenses river basins, in matter the ones destined to the provisioning of RMB cities’ population, requests the development of a study centered on a political ecology capable to supply a theoretical-methodological outline regarding the use of the river basins as administration units integrated between state and city halls, as well as through the residents' participation and other local users of the water. Therefore, our objective is based on the need of identification and evaluation of twenty years of politics implemented by the Government of the State of Pará and Municipal City Halls of Belém, for protection and administration of Utinga sources (river basins of Igarapés Murutucum and Água Preta) responsible for the provisioning of 70% of the population of the Metropolitan Area of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extractivismo de Palmas por la etnia shuar y su influencia en la transformacion sócio-ambiental, en el alto Nangaritza, Amazonia ecuatoriana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-31) PARDO ENRÍQUEZ, Dalton Marcelo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The present study has been carried out in the Southeastern sector of the Ecuadorian Amazon, in the Protected Area of the high Nangaritza River basin in three Indigenous Centers of the Shuar People: Shaime, Yayu and Napints, which belong to the Political-Administrative jurisdiction of the Zurmi Parish, in Nangaritza Corner, Province of Zamora Chinchipe. They are organized and represented in the Shuar Tayunts Association, in addition to its Directors and Central Clubs. This work is an effort to present the Shuar’s socio-environmental dynamics on the exploitation of palms, for which a socio-historical analysis of these three Centers is realized. Its floristic composition and palms were studied taking into consideration the ecological parameters, density, basal area, frequency, importance value index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Sorensen similarity index; as well as the sustainability of use and handling that their populations make, which results are a valuable contribution offered to to future management and recovery of the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os folheiros do jaborandi: organização, parcerias e seu lugar no extrativismo amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-23) COSTA, Fabiano Gumier; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Wardl ex Stapf) is a shrubby included in the family Rutaceae. Its use is contemplated in the ophthalmology due to the presence of pilocarpine, a substance used in the production of eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. In addition, jaborandi is widely used in cosmetics, in xampus and hair creams against hair loss. In the Carajas National Forest there are native populations of jaborandi managed by local people called “folheiros”, organized in a cooperative. In order to investigate how this has happened to the plant extractivism in Carajás and the outlook for activity, we left from a guiding question for the job: Why, despite all the difficulties in its organizational base, low bargaining power in with pharmaceutical companies, the process of criminalization that were targeted, and weaknesses of the plant extractivism as an economic activity, the “folheiros” jaborandi persist in the extractive activity after 25 years? Through four hypotheses outline a scenario for the extractivism of jaborandi Carajas in dialogue with the literature that addresses the management of natural resources in tropical forests, particularly on the extractivism. We conclude that the extractivism of jaborandi, after several legal problems for their organization evolves from a condition of great state repression to a process of agreement for its sustainable management. Despite predictions about the economic viability of extractivism, we believe that the extractivism of jaborandi may be an exception to the patterns previously observed. This is because the native plant has the qualitative advantages over jaborandi grown on large scale. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have sought to acquire sheets of extractive jaborandi also by market benefits associated with positive image of partnerships with local communities and traditional populations. Nevertheless, the extraction is in serious danger of collapse because the fragile social organization of “folheiros” or because its management inviability caused by the advance of mining in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geotecnologias aplicadas ao ordenamento territorial pesqueiro industrial do estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-12) SILVA, Christian Nunes da; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The present work aims to reflect on the fishing activity geographically, with some categories of territorial analysis that can be worked in fishing, taking into consideration the livelihoods of fishermen, the territorial scope of its influence on fisheries and the mechanisms of spatial representation in environment computer that are currently available, capable of achieving the spatial patterns of coverage. This analysis was based on the consideration that the fishery is of utmost importance for the supply of urban centers, the main source of livelihood and income of populations of fishers in the Amazon region. New methodological procedures and technological processes have generated a significant fishing increasing both the apparent exhaustion of resources, and the recognition and functional protein, fish products that have gained in recent years, as a means of proper nutrition for the maintenance of quality of the consumer. Thus, the main objective of this study is to verify and discuss the feasibility of using geotechnology in the current planning model that can be seen fishing in the Amazon region, seeking to understand how this land use in fishing may include: geo; information about equipment fishing used to catch fish, knowledge of fishermen and the Brazilian legislation. Literature searches and field (in the Caeté bay and river Ituquara, Pará state), integrated to work in the laboratory, using geoprocessing techniques of remote sensing products allow mapping the dynamic moment of some socio-spatial relationships and structural by passing fishing, so it is important to focus on mechanisms of assistance to the planning of fishery resources. The technology called “geoinformation” science, has shown greater visibility in environmental studies and therefore should be included in the fishing industry as an important mechanism for monitoring, surveillance and research for the future management strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo comunitário de recursos comuns na Amazônia: uma análise sobre os acordos de pesca da região do Baixo Tocantins no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-05) VILHENA, Josiel do Rêgo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
This study aims to examine the reaction process fishery resources’ users of the Baixo Tocantins region, in the state of Pará-Brazil, an area located between two major projects in the Amazon: ALBRÁS/ALUNORTE e Tucuruí Power Plant which is related to the process of increasing scarcity landed in the region. Examines the strategies used by these resource users in confronting this problem, as the institutional arrangements known as fisheries agreements, an initiative by the users of the fishery resource in the region, that after several discussions and meetings with others involved in resource utilization, define usage rules, such as the prohibition of certain equipment regarded highly predatory, prohibition periods of catch for the renewal of stocks, banned sites to ensure reproduction of species, among other measures aimed at sustainable use of resources. Fisheries agreements have been recognized by government agencies, including the IBAMA - as a viable measure community management, mainly due to the involvement of direct users of resources, which help in monitoring the agreements, one of the main difficulties of the government due to large extent of areas of the region. The work was based on field research and interviews with the use of resources and user communities with members from government agencies, aiming to monitor the process of discussion and creation of fisheries agreements and to identify the main difficulties in its implementation, its main strengths and its potentiality. We analyzed reports of Eletronorte, fisheries statistics from various government agencies and fishing agreements mainly built by the community, with a sample of 18 of these documents, and minutes of community meetings that dealt with the attempt to ensure the rational and sustainable use of this important resource for region. The conclusion is that there is a process of increased fishing effort with indices of refraction of inventories recognized both by researchers and by national government and the fisheries agreements, which are based on the event "traditional" fishermen, are a measure of great potential to guide more rational attitudes by fishermen regarding the use of resources, but must be combined with other policy actions on a larger scale so that we can envision a reality of sustainable use of fishery resources in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo de agrobiodiversidad en geoformas de restingas de várzea peruana, Iquitos/Perú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-14) ROMERO PINEDO, Roberto Carlos; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The study has as purpose to evaluate and analyze the management of the agrobiodiversity in sandbank geoforms from the adaptability of the practiced agrobiodiversity and its function in the economic strategies of the riverine producing families. The relative stability of geoforms of sandbanks in function to the erosion and flood and its great natural agro-biologic potential, explains its occupation and intensification of Amazon’s soil usage larger before its discovery and colonization by the Europeans (Spanish and Portuguese). The adaptability of the riverine agrodiversity, as strategy to produce, manage and preserve the diversity of agricultural, agroflorestal and other resources of the Amazon agrobiodiversity, in different units of production or agroecosystems (vegetable, garden, small holding, woods) of familiar ownership, has contributed to reach the alimentary self-sufficiency during the year and mainly to face or to reduce risk caused by high flood and by the market (instability of prices). The field work was carried out in the Peruvian Amazonian cultivated plains, specifically in the Muyuy Sector in the outheast of Iquitos city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Planeamiento socioambiental de grandes hidroeléctricas y sus repercusiones en la Amazonia brasileña
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-22) VALDEZ PIZARRO, José Jorge; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670