Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil - PPGEC/ITEC
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2303
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) foi aprovado pela CAPES em 1999 e teve sua primeira turma iniciada em 2001, sendo o primeiro Curso de Mestrado Engenharia Civil na Região Norte do Brasil, realizando atividades integradas de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão nas áreas de Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação do vento na estabilidade global efeitos de segunda ordem em estruturas de concreto armado na cidade de Belém-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-23) MEDEIROS, José Odilon Barros de; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179Due to the exponential growth of urban populations, the need for space for housing has grown significantly. To meet these demands, increasingly tall and slender buildings are designed, always aiming at the need to reduce costs and raise profitable margin by the construction companies. New materials and methods of structural analysis are created and improved so that maximum performance and structural safety are extracted at the lowest cost. Thus, this dissertation aims to contribute to the studies concerning the analysis of global stability and evaluation of the effects of 2nd order in the structures, from the comparative analysis of stability parameters, with the premises described in NBR 6118 (2014). In relation to the ultimate limit state, the following coefficients were evaluated: α and γz - suggested by NBR 6118 (2014), as well as FAVt and 𝑅𝑀2𝑀1 - obtained by the CAD/TQS System. With regard to the service limit state, the results concerning the horizontal displacements at the top of the buildings were analyzed and compared with the normative limits. For this, computational modeling was performed representing nine distinct fictitious structures submitted to the actions of the usual project loads on residential buildings, according to the aspects of NBR 6120 (1980), besides the evaluation of the influence of the consideration of the wind loads in the mentioned models structures. As for the development of the structures, usual techniques of discretization were employed, using the finite element method, through the CAD/TQS program. From the results obtained, it was observed that in the higher structures the parameters related to the ELU and ELS exceeded the normative limits, and that the fact regarding the lack of consideration of the wind action in the structures can significantly compromise the behavior and structural safety, since the calculated 1st and 2nd order final efforts can be up to 41% lower in relation to the efforts calculated by applying the criteria described in NBR 6123 (1988), in turn causing undersized structures and consequently, leading such structures to results catastrophic, such as ruin through progressive collapse.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da sustentabilidade da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos de municípios paraenses(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-24) NEVES, Raisa Rodrigues; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The research aimed to evaluate the quality of urban solid waste management, considering the actions taken and the information provided in the Municipal Plans for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIRS). For this, an initial matrix composed of 73 indicators was structured, which went through filtering stages, in order to extract information with low potential to be answered by municipal managers, giving rise to the final matrix of 40 indicators incorporated into 7 dimensions, basing the elaboration of the questionnaires used in this work. Initially, there was the application of questionnaires to managers to obtain knowledge about the reality of local management; then, the questionnaires were sent to the experts selected to participate in the Delphi Method. In total, 5 groups answered the questions on the 7 dimensions, which provided scores from 1 to 5 for each indicator and weights for each dimension. Based on the managers' responses, on the final grades of each indicator and on the final weights of each dimension, it was possible to calculate the Solid Waste Management Quality Index (IQGRS), framing the values found in sustainability levels. Then, the same methodology was applied to evaluate the quality of preparation of the PMGIRS, being proposed the Quality Index of the PMGIRS (IQPMGIRS), in this way it was possible to compare what was being done in practice and what was provided in the text of the instrument. of planning. As a result in terms of management, 4 municipalities presented unsustainable conditions, 4 presented regular sustainability, 5 presented good sustainability and only 3 presented excellent sustainability. After the application of clustering techniques in terms of management, 5 groups were formed, with Inhangapi and Canaã dos Carajás included in the group with the best performance; Abel Figueiredo, Augusto Correa and Curuçá were included in the group with the worst performance. Clustering was also applied regarding the quality of PMGIRS, guaranteeing the formation of 5 groups, with the group with the best performance being formed by Abaetetuba, Bonito, Goianésia do Pará and Juruti; the group with the worst performance was composed of Acará and Concórdia do Pará. The groups with the worst performances reflected the need for investments and progressions both in terms of management practice and in terms of improvements in PMGIRS, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of PMGIRS as a decision-making tool.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de modelos de inteligência artificial híbridos na estimativa de precipitações(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-18) GOMES, Evanice Pinheiro; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808The hydrological analyzes carried out from rainfall in the Amazon are essential due to its importance in climate regulation, regional and global atmospheric circulation. However, in this region, there are limitations related to data series with short periods and many flaws, especially in the daily scale. Despite significant advances in science and technology, practical and accurate predictions have been a major concern due to their complexity. Therefore, several conceptual models, empirical or hybrid, have been tested to forecast rain with greater precision. Among empirical models, those that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) methods are potentially useful approaches to simulate the precipitation process. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), as AI models, are able to establish a relationship between historical inputs (rain, flow, etc.) and the desired outputs, through a non-linear function composed of several factors that are adjusted to the observed data, allowing your prediction. Thus, to improve the precipitation analysis, hybrid models were developed, involving Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of the type with Time Delay (TDNN), ELMAN network, Radial Base network (RBF) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), coupled with Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet (MODWT). Six rainfall gauge station were adopted, which are located in different biomes of the region, and satellite data (CMORPH). Rainfall data were evaluated by seasonal periods (rainy and dry). The results obtained demonstrated that the MODWT-ANFIS model had the best capacity to simulate the daily precipitation of the evaluated rainfall gauge station, even for dry periods, which are known to be more difficult to be simulated in relation to the rainy periods. In this case, data entries lagged by 4 days and 5 days performed better, with Nash values close to 1.0 and root mean square errors below 0.001.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estimativas de curvas IDF e curvas de permanência na Amazônia sob a influência de mudanças climáticas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-05) COSTA, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808The impacts on global water resources may be more intense due to climate change, making access to water more difficult and, consequently, maintaining life. In the Amazon, the effect may be even worse, as it is one of the regions most vulnerable to these changes. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios are essential tools for General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Global Hydrological Models (GHMs) to simulate future climate change. Intensity, Duration and Frequency (IDF) curves and flow duration curves are fundamental for the elaboration of hydraulic projects and risk management. Thus, the objective of this study was to elaborate projections of IDF curves for the Tapajós watershed in RCP 4.5 and 8.5, using data from GCMs HadGEM2-ES, CanESM2 and MIROC5. Another objective was to analyze variations in the permanence curves and available volumes of the Amazon River using data from the GHM WaterGAP2 forced by MIROC5 and HadGEM2-ES (in RCPs 6.0 and 8.5). The projected IDF curves were compared with the existing IDF, elaborated using a stationary method. The base permanence curves were created from the last 20 years of observed flows and compared with the curves of future scenarios (from 2020). They were calculated from decadal volumes. The biggest differences for the projected IDF curves were in MIROC5 (143.15% in RCP 8.5) and the smallest differences were in HadGEM2-ES (4% in RCP 4.5) both for the 100-year return period. The spatial resolutions of each GCM influenced their IDF curves, since CanESM2 did not present satisfactory results and MIROC5 was the one that best represented the possible future differences. WaterGAP2 presented the classification “Very Good” for most stations according to statistical validation indicators. Most of the extreme flows were for 2080 to 2099. For WaterGAP2 (MIROC5), most volumes were below the century's decadal average, increasing from 2060. For WaterGAP2 (HadGEM2-ES) projections the volumes are usually close or below the decadal average, falling from 2060 onwards. MIROC5 is the most suitable for studies of climate projections in the Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Etiquetagem PBE Edifica em edificação pública com auxílio da tecnologia BIM(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-30) ROSA, Rafael Cuimar Corrêa; MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7497951647889934Building in a sustainable manner has been a great challenge for construction sector professionals. Labels are one of the tools available to make buildings more efficient in several aspects. Currently, public buildings above 500m2 of constructed area are required to plan and built with energy efficiency level A according to the Brazilian Program for Energy Efficiency - PROCEL, and for this reason, the knowledge of professionals in the area about the parameters of energy efficiency is essential. Thus, the Building Information Modeling technology, BIM, was used to generate the modeling of a public building located at the Federal University of Pará, which received adjustments in the model in order to make it more efficient. The Webprescritivo tool was used to evaluate the current situation and the changes applied in the building, by the prescriptive method, information was entered into the tool and it calculated the efficiency. As a result, it was found that the adjustments made in the model, allowed the building optimization, increasing from C to A its level of energy efficiency. Also, it was found that the use of BIM technology was able to assist in the assessment of the PBE Edifica label through the rapid process of component changes and generation of accurate tables with building data, but further studies and improvements are still needed for better interaction between the tools covered in this research.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Influência de inundações no valor de aluguel de imóveis comerciais em Belém, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-27) LIMA, Gabriel Villas Boas de Amorim; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058The real estate appraisal might be driven by externalities, such as surrounding, locational, and natural attributes. In residential property studies, flood influence in housing valuation is a well-known subject; however, there is a gap in commercial real estate. Thus, this thesis sought to assess if flood influences commercial property rents in Belém-PA, Northern Brazil, a city where flood-prone areas concentrate the most significant retail activity. To this, OLS regression models predicted the impact of flood-prone-zone locations on the marginal rents in a 586 commercial property database. The results revealed that highly flood-prone zones reduce commercial rents by 9.78% rather than in no flood-prone ones. It decreased 3.26% in rent values between each flood-prone zone (low, medium, and high). When moderated by the property frontage, the impact of flood-prone zone diminished because more prominent facades induced more consumer attraction, thus demand. The sensitive analysis revealed an accuracy in predicting commercial rents ranging from 13 to 36 reais per square meter. The scientific-added value concerns the novelty approach in evaluating flood influence in commercial property rents in emerging country scenarios. Besides, it assists investors by using the econometric model as a decision-maker support tool to acquire commercial real estateItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Rejeito de manganês, proveniente da Amazônia Oriental, em substituição parcial do agregado miúdo natural em concreto(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-21) SILVA JÚNIOR, Paulo Rogério; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357Research on partial or total substitution of the natural fine aggregate for ore tailings has gained strength in recent years. Most part of these tailings are destined to dams, which are subject of ruptures resulting in social, economic and environmental loses. The most recent example is the rupture of Brumadinho-MG dam in january, 2019. Despite of all the risks associated to the mining activity, the extraction of ore tends to increase due to the final products generated by this activity such as steel, batteries and electronics. Natural sand is mostly obtained by dredging activity, which involves the deforestation of certain areas and the possible contamination of the water with diesel oil from dredgers. This research aims to study the partial replacement of natural sand by manganese tailing (in 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% proportions) from the eastern Amazonia, Marabá-PA municipality, for the construction of structural concrete without the use of superplasticizer. Analyzed the results for the test of workability, mechanical strength, water absorption and microstructure for the samples of concrete with and without tailings. It has been found that manganese tailing is a thin material that has a high specific surface, which demands high demand for water when compared to the reference concrete. It was verified that there was a decrease in the mechanical properties of the refuse concrete due to the added water, however, the water absorption was equal to the reference one.