Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil - PPGEC/ITEC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2303

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) foi aprovado pela CAPES em 1999 e teve sua primeira turma iniciada em 2001, sendo o primeiro Curso de Mestrado Engenharia Civil na Região Norte do Brasil, realizando atividades integradas de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão nas áreas de Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A implantação de obras civis e de saneamento na Bacia do Una, em Belém do Pará, e as condicionantes relacionadas às características geológicas e geotécnicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-26) SILVA, Kleber Roberto Matos da; ALENCAR JÚNIOR, Júlio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465
This Thesis presents the civil engineering works for implementation of drainage and sanitation facilities in the area of influence of the Una canal, in the city of Belém, in the State of Pará, Brazil, involving the installation of drainage, water and sewer nets as well as road construction. This project, known as Project Una, involves an area of 3.644 ha, corresponding to approximately 21% of the continental area of city, with great part of its surface below flood level, that is, up to 3,60 m above sea level. The stratigrafy of the project area is composed basically of a thick superficial layer of very soft organic clay, that in some cases may reach over 60 m deep, overling intercalation of medium to compact sand layers and medium to hard silty clay layers. Besides the construction difficulties in soils of this nature, this work presents the many problems to resolved, as the resettlement of families of risk areas, that is, families that are living on the bed of channels, hindering the draining of the served waters and pluvial waters; the compensations of shaky residences for the works; the lack of physical space for the setting up of the works; the instability of the slopes of the marginal road of channels; the difficulties of management in the of face the extensive encircle of the area; the relationships with the community, tumultuated in some moments and, mainly, the priority of some areas, in detriment of other, for the execution of the works, in the face of available resources. Based in technical reports, projects and the author's personal experiences the thesis makes a description of the project in its several aspects, as well, makes a critical review of it, under the civil engineering’s point of view, involving planning and executions aspects of the works, with the purpose of building and setting up of the knowledge, that promote the improvement in future development in the similar projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação do vento na estabilidade global efeitos de segunda ordem em estruturas de concreto armado na cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-23) MEDEIROS, José Odilon Barros de; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
Due to the exponential growth of urban populations, the need for space for housing has grown significantly. To meet these demands, increasingly tall and slender buildings are designed, always aiming at the need to reduce costs and raise profitable margin by the construction companies. New materials and methods of structural analysis are created and improved so that maximum performance and structural safety are extracted at the lowest cost. Thus, this dissertation aims to contribute to the studies concerning the analysis of global stability and evaluation of the effects of 2nd order in the structures, from the comparative analysis of stability parameters, with the premises described in NBR 6118 (2014). In relation to the ultimate limit state, the following coefficients were evaluated: α and γz - suggested by NBR 6118 (2014), as well as FAVt and 𝑅𝑀2𝑀1 - obtained by the CAD/TQS System. With regard to the service limit state, the results concerning the horizontal displacements at the top of the buildings were analyzed and compared with the normative limits. For this, computational modeling was performed representing nine distinct fictitious structures submitted to the actions of the usual project loads on residential buildings, according to the aspects of NBR 6120 (1980), besides the evaluation of the influence of the consideration of the wind loads in the mentioned models structures. As for the development of the structures, usual techniques of discretization were employed, using the finite element method, through the CAD/TQS program. From the results obtained, it was observed that in the higher structures the parameters related to the ELU and ELS exceeded the normative limits, and that the fact regarding the lack of consideration of the wind action in the structures can significantly compromise the behavior and structural safety, since the calculated 1st and 2nd order final efforts can be up to 41% lower in relation to the efforts calculated by applying the criteria described in NBR 6123 (1988), in turn causing undersized structures and consequently, leading such structures to results catastrophic, such as ruin through progressive collapse.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adequação estrutural dos pilares de um edifício residencial em concreto armado na cidade de Rio Branco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-06) SANTOS, Mateus Silva dos; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186
The recovery and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures are increasingly common in Brazil, mainly due to the aging of structures built in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century, which are close to reaching their lifetime. Added to this, factors such as the use of concrete with low strength, execution failures, improper use and lack of maintenance. Due to these factors that society should endeavor to enhance and / or restore these buildings, thus avoiding demolition of the same and even avoid fatal acidentes. This paper presents a case study that aims to recover a building that is abandoned for nearly two decades in the city of Rio Branco, Acre State. Currently, there are various techniques for strengthening reinforced concrete structure. Such as reinforcement through reinforced concrete jacketing, supplemented or enhanced with added armor, enhanced with application of metal sheets and profiles, reinforcing pillars reinforced with carbon fiber (PRCF), among other. In this work, the method adopted for recovery was enhanced by reinforced concrete jacketing. And for a better understanding of the methodology adopted work also presents details of the enhanced configuration adopted, constructive detail and executive procedures of the method adopted. In addition, the wrappers showing the active and resistant efforts before and after the booster.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aderência de armadura em concreto reforçado com fibra de aço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-22) ROSSI, Carlos Rodrigo Costa; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186
This work evaluates the influence of steel fibers on the bond between reinforcement and concrete and the behavior of beams subjected to bending stress in the Ultimate Limit State, through an innovative test to compare with RILEM RC6 (1983) standard test. Some of the theoretical models that are willing to represent the bond behavior are prescribed by CEB-FIP (2010), ACI 408R (2003) and NBR 6118 (2014) and by the authors' proposed models: Orangun et al. (1977), Harajli (2009), Shen et al. (2016). In the experimental program will be analyzed steel bars with diameters of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12.5 mm in specimens molded with compressive strength concrete of 30 MPa, varying the length of development in lb; 0.75.lb and 0.5 lb (lb is anchorage length determined by NBR 6118, 2014). The steel fibers used with volumes ranging of 0; 39.25; 78.50 and 117.75kg/m³. There will be 27 beams for the proposed test and 12 cube for the standard Pull-Out Test. The beams were tested at 28 days after concreting, the experimental results were presented and compared with the normative predictions. In the standard test for Vf = 0.5%, increase of tension ≈ 4%, for Vf = 1.0%, increase of tension ≈ 11% and Vf = 1, 5%, increase of tension ≈ 15%. In the proposed test, since there was also variation of length development, the best results were for samples with Vf of 1.5% and with 0.5.lb presented higher tension and load of equivalent rupture. In relation to the theoretical analysis, it was concluded that the prescriptions of Orangun et al. (1977) and ACI 408R (2003) presented results closer to the experimental results, exp/teo ≈ 1, and presented a security level of 75% in the evaluation of security level and dispersion. Therefore, it is feasible to state that lengths developments of smaller CRFA exhibit behavior and performance similar to the lengths developments of reinforced concrete and that the work proposed is efficient for the study of the influence of steel fibers in the bond between reinforcement and concrete.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de lixiviado em carvão de caroço de açaí (Euterpe Olerácea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-23) LESSA, Luana Cristina Pedreira; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; ALMEIDA, Hélio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071472719215354
This study investigated the adsorption of leachate on filter paper with adsorbent poder (coal of açaí and red mud) and the adsorption of leachate previously filtered and then adsorbed on adsorption column with granular fixed bed (coal of açaí). The charcoal used is of vegetal origin generated by a thermo-catalytic cracking process of açaí stone (Euterpe Olerácea), impregnated with sodium hydroxide 2 mol.L-1 (NaOH). The açaí cores were collected from commercial establishments located in the Guamá neighborhood in the municipality of Belém-PA. The leachate was collected at the Central of Processing and Treatment of Urban Waste - CPTR in periods considering the seasonality of the region. It was obtained that for the physical-chemical characterization of the crude leachate the seasonality interferes in the concentrations of the leachate. The mean values of the BOD5/COD ratio indicate that the leachate has recalcitrant elements and low biodegradability characteristics. With the use of the red mud in the preliminary adsorption tests it was concluded that it is an environmental liability to be considered for treatment of leachate by adsorption, since it reduced the total solids concentration. In the preliminary adsorption tests carried out in a series batch and in the column adsorption tests also in the series the acaí coal leaching occurred in the effluent to be adsorbed, thus increasing the concentration of total solids in the final effluent. After adsorption tests in the adsorption column, pH, alkalinity and total solids values increased, however, COD and chloride concentrations decreased. The control chart graphs, for the variation of the COD concentration over time, showed that the adsorption processes were kept under the control according to the method. The mass adsorption of 1000 g of filtered leachate presented the best percentage of removal efficiency for COD, with 75%. The adsorption isotherm model that was best fitted to the experimental data after linearization was the Freundlich model, with R2 of 0.9985. However, by this model the adsorption isotherm was considered as unfavorable, that is, at high solute concentrations the coal does not perform favorable adsorption. The results obtained denote the technical viability of leachate treatment by the use of açaí coal impregnated with 2 mol.L-1 NaOH and crude red mud.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alternativas para o abastecimento energético dos fornos de indústrias cerâmicas localizadas no município de São Miguel do Guamá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-14) ROCHA, Alexander Lobo; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058
Economic and environmental differentials incorporated biomass energy has driven the spread of supply and use of biofuels in developed and developing countries. In the state of Pará (Brazil), the growing demand for biomass like acai lump and legalized firewood, specially related to the performance of the ceramic industry in the São Miguel do Guamá county and other industrial segments, pints to a possible shortage of these energy resources. Thus, initiative is needed to search for alternative fuels that are capable of not only ensuring the energy supply necessary for the current and future ceramic production of these industries, but also to ensure the continuation and conservation of renewable natural resources in the region. This work consolidates research among member companies of the Association of Ceramics Industries of São Miguel do Guamá, which are located in this municipality, using as a sample the ceramic companies seeking alternative bioenergy, along with the research among the agro-industries and farmers present in other municipalities of the state of Pará. The objective is to identify alternatives for energy supply in ceramic kilns, considering the use of renewable energy sources and opportunities for reducing the cost of its acquisition through the practice of return shipping. It was used as a research strategy case study in five moments of semi-structured interviews guided by questionnaires. The results obtained indicate that there is opportunity to supply biomass matched with the needs of the surveyed ceramic companies, with the potential to meet repressed energy demands and allowing the continuation of strategic business in Pará, as at this time, the growing civil construction industry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa de alturas ortométricas definidas por fontes diversas para subsídio a estudos hidrológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) HEIDEMANN, Marcelo de Almeida; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of elevation data obtained by topography (trigonometric leveling), physical geodesy (screening GNSS) and mathematical modeling (MAPGEO2010), with reference to those obtained orthometric heights and transported for the first technique (topography), between two Level references (RN's) of High Precision Altimetric Network (RAAP), aiming to contribute in hydrological studies requiring altimetry data in deciding which methods or techniques can be used in each study, seeking the simplification, economic efficiency and the speed in the works. Research shows that, considering the relevant characteristics of the survey region and variations presented between the different techniques used, the application of each technique is variable, and in the calculations of the hydraulic gradient waterways and production sediment in a small watershed through the methodology RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) all methods are recommended and the calculation of flood areas due to the waterway bus, proved unviable geodesy techniques and mathematical modeling. . This conclusion stems from the variability in the results of each study hydrological used is: 0.003% to 0.385% for gradients of 5.85% to 6.49% for the production of sediment and 29.71% to 79.23% for flood areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa de modelos digitais de terreno (MDT) como apoio no dimensionamento de projetos de saneamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-21) MESQUITA, Daniel Alvino; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo. Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
In Brazil, when it is a question of information about the terrain relief characteristic, mainly in the North and Northeast regions, there is a lack of planialtimetric data, something that indirectly hinders the management and the planning of the cities, in relation to the design and elaboration of sanitation projects. In this way, it is possible to study methods and techniques that reduce the cost-benefit, highlighting the application of Digital Terrain Models (TDM) for better representation of the terrestrial surface. This work has as main objective the comparison of MDTs elaborated from different techniques, as well as to evaluate the implications of these in the water supply project and in the delimitation of water basin and drainage. The municipal seat of Ipixuna do Pará-Pá was adopted as a study area and two techniques were used to obtain altimetric data, namely: through SRTM images (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) and by topographic survey with Total Station. The interpolation kriging method was applied to generate the contour lines, aiming to subsidize the generation of MDT. Despite the good correlation obtained between the two MDTs generated. The Pearson correlation indexes of 0.85, agreement index of 0.97 and the performance index of 0.82 indicated that there is a good correlation between the altimetric data allowing the use of SRTM imaging in engineering projects. However, 72.5% of the points presented SRTM image scores higher than the Total Station altimetric data, with a difference between the 2.06 meter sources, indicating that due to the spatial resolution of the SRTM there is a disagreement in the delimitation of the basins for areas smaller than 1.73 km².
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise crítica da implantação do programa de condições ambientais de trabalho na indústria da construção, NR 18 em empresas prestadoras de serviços no setor de saneamento básico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-06) MOREIRA NETO, Lauro de Souza; CRUZ, André Luiz Guerreiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891750095857292
The present analysis has the objective of tracing a general profile of the basic sanitation field, seeking for the accomplishment of standard of the NR 18 in building sites. It has also the goal of identifing different profiles in relation to standard studies and their origins such as lack of fiscalization as well as lack of gear protection suppliers. The results of the reports a number of accidents the Building Industry revealing a very relevant field to set attention on. By this point of view this research surveys accomplishment of the norm in Companies wich perform services into the basic sanitation field at metropolitan region of Belém , in 10 building sites . This research shows a method for the analysis into the building sites which consists basically in three tools : check-list, interview and photographic register of the problems which were found , checking the Companies behaviour in realtion to the NR 18 application. Beyond tools improvments, applications avers method vality being able to take this one as efficient in a task of building sites analysing of these Companies into the basic sanitaion field.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da disponibilidade hídrica da região hidrográfica do Tapajós como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para a outorga de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-12) ROCHA, Gabrielle Souto da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
This work presents an analysis of the water availability in the Tapajós hydrographic region, located in the state of Pará. For the analysis of the availability, the data of the historical series of the fluviometric stations of Tapajós RH were analyzed, considering a period of 20 years (1987-2007). such as grant information and waivers granted to users of water resources in the region. After the analysis of the fluviometric series, the reference curves were obtained with the Siscah 1.0 program to determine the reference flows Q90 and Q95. The program was also used to perform the statistical calculations to obtain Q7,10 for each fluviometric station. For the determination of the sub-basins and drainage area to obtain the remaining flows, the Otto Pfafstetter method was used, detailing up to level 4. Observing the presented results, it was verified that for the reference flows Q90 and Q95 for one maximum flow rate of 70%, for each method, the remaining flow in the sub-basins does not constitute a scenario of scarcity or water stress, while Q7,10 presented a criticality scenario for the applicable uses. In relation to the uses granted in the Tapajós hydrographic region, it was verified that the municipalities with the highest number of granted processes are Itaituba and Jacareacanga, and the highest number of grant exemptions is distributed between the municipalities of Itaituba and Rurópolis. It was identified that the use of water resources for Tapajós hydrographic region, based on the purposes of granting and dispensing of requested concessions, is for the service of earthworks, compaction and wetting of roads in the region. These uses are directly linked to the expansion of the region through works such as ports, hydroelectric power stations and opening of new avenues to increase the flow of agricultural products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da gestão pública na produção de equipamentos urbanos: estudo de caso da Secretaria Executiva de Obras Públicas (SEOP)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-08) CARDOSO, Andreia do Socorro Conduru de Sousa; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548
The subject of this dissertation are public policies involved in the construction of urban education facilities, more specifically, policies dealing with a management programme lauched by Pará State Government, Brazil. The work approaches programmes designed for an improvement in the management of construction woks, specifically the actions taken at the Production Costs Division of the Regional Integration Special Secretariat. This approach is justified by the need of solutions for management problems in public organizations, where decision making, in most cases is based on not precise data, leading to the course of policitical influences in detriment of decisions based on technical terms. The literature review was built upon a discussion on quality improving policies, in order to upgrade decision making processes, as well as the emergence of information systems, and specifically the management of production costs. The methodology was based on a case study about the organizational context of the Public Works Executive Secretariat (SEOP), and a survey on the construction of some educational equipments. The research inquires the processes of decistion making in order to analyse the use of reliable and shared information, for an abrighed social political and economic use in the production of education facilities. It was found that there are good management practices, although, there is a rejection by some of the technicians of the secretariat to assimilate the programmes, what brings a deficiency of flows of information and of production costs control.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da implementação dos elementos e ferramentas da produção enxuta em canteiros de obras na cidade de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-14) CRUZ, Cássio Cleidsen Rabelo; LIMA, Adalberto da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7803369097132222
Companies of construction industry in Belem, they are looking for ways to improve their processes and constructive methods through the implementation of the elements and tools of lean production system. The purpose of this work consisted to assess the cases of successes and failure, through of an exploratory study of the implementation of the Lean Production System in construction sites in the city of Belem of Para, to identify which elements and tools of this system are most commonly used in construction of the city in question. This way, an extensive research literature about the subject, showing historical developments since the creation of scientific administration, emphasizing the precursors of production administration and then reporting the emergence of lean production system, as well as their origins and pillars, highlighting its elements and tools. The research methodology used was case study of exploratory character, where the focus was managers that act applying lean production in their construction works. The data was collected through a questionnaire with the classification of questions, closed and multiple choices, consisting of twenty objective questions, in order to generate data to answer the research question. After collecting data were generated tables and graphics for analysis of results. The results analyzed pointed elements and tools lean more used, in addition to presenting the greatest difficulties in the implementation of lean production system, and then was made a correlation between difficulties encountered with the relevant literature. From this, it was concluded that companies are not fully committed with the implementation of improvements (lean production system), so that this demotivates workers and creates resistance to change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da manutenção de pavimentos urbanos: uma proposta de implantação de um sistema de gerência de pavimentos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-19) BARRA, Renata Brabo Mascarenhas; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
The absence of urban planning and management is the factor that most contributes to driving municipalities to a precarious stage of their infrastructure. The management of the maintenance of the urban pavements is important for a good management of the public services offered by a municipal body, being a great challenge to its managers. The development of an internal management system better incorporates the needs of the agency responsible for interventions in the road network, besides, it aims to generate economy and improve the quality of the services provided. The urban road network is one of the main components of the municipal infrastructure system, and yet the concern of public managers with the systematization of procedures for the management of this road system is small. In view of the above, this research has the objective of proposing the implementation of an Urban Pavement Management System to a public Road Works Department. As a research strategy, the case study was adopted, since a field research was carried out by means of the application of a structured questionnaire, analyzing in depth the research focus. In addition to the bibliographic review stage, the study comprised the execution of three phases, the first one referring to the presentation of the idea (motivation) and the initial diagnosis of the focus of the research, the second phase corresponded to the software development stage the elaboration Of the Urban Pavement Management System - SGPU and the third phase corresponded to the implementation and use of the developed system. The main results are: the creation of a computational tool capable of generating an inventory of the municipal road network, generating support reports for decision making considering the type of existing pavement, type of last maintenance done on the road, Services per neighborhood of the analyzed region, the condition of the subgrade and its drainage system, the type of roadway covering and its Pavement Condition Index. These reports provide senior management with the foundation needed to plan the short, medium and long term actions correctly, increasing efficiency and assertiveness in meeting the demands. Finally, it was concluded that the developed system met the general objective of the research, generating in a satisfactory way the inventory of the routes of the analyzed region, aggregating information for management decision-making in the organ, in addition, this research becomes important for the environment For its innovative character in the analyzed region, consolidating itself as one of the references regarding the management of maintenance of urban pavements in public agencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da produção de lodo de esgoto e da capacidade de disposição do aterro sanitário do Aurá na região metropolitana de Belém para os próximos 20 anos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-07-01) CUNHA, Débora Suely Anjos; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Belém Metropolitan Region has few and incomplete informations about production and destination of sewage sludge, because just little part of the sludge generated in septic tank and collective Sewage Works is throwed away without control in Aurá Sanitary Landfill. Because of this, is usual to throw the sludge in water bodies and in the ground, worsen the problems of pollution/contamination in the urban areas. Therefore, this work has the objective of analyzing the increase of production of sludge and evaluate the impact in the Aurá Sanitary Landfill. The search was developed in Belém Metropolitan Region, composed by Belém, Ananindeua, Benevides, Marituba and Santa Bárbara do Pará. It was divided in 2 stages. In the first stage it was estimated the production of the sludge (brute and drained) of septic tanks and in the collective Sewage Works during 2009 to 2030, and the second one was the availability of an area to disposal in the Aurá Sanitary Landfill. In the period studied, it was verified that by the way of the increase of the content of sludge drainage doesn’t has too many impact in the content of the residence solid waste, the deficiency of the available areas in the Aurá Sanitary Landfill is a problem that has to be solved as soon as possible, otherwise residence solid waste and sewage sludge produced in Belém Metopolitan Region won’t be well disposal, as a matter of fact that the prevision is the fast implicate of the free content of Aurá Sanitary Landfill.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da resistência à punção de sapatas de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-07) SANTOS, Douglas Freitas Augusto dos; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242041552985485
The footings is a kind of superficial foundation rather employed in construction and is used especially for small projects or when the soil is able to withstand the loads without deforming is exaggerated. Footings can present a brittle fracture mode, called puncture. To avoid this kind of disruption that occurs abruptly, it is possible in the design phase to take some measures, such as increasing the shoe height, reinforcement ratio of bending, the strength of concrete or the ratio a/d. In the literature, was carefully collected with a database 216 and tests analyzed by different standards such as the ACI 318 (2011), CSA A23.3 (2004), EUROCODE 2 (2004) and (2010) and NBR 6118 (2014), with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the punching footings reinforced concrete Then, it was found that the load capacity ranged last much of a provision to another. Besides confirming that the ratio a/d (ratio of shear span the useful height) influence significantly the resistance to puncture. In the case of the standard EUROCODE 2 (2010), was the finding that the locking effect size decreases the resistance to punching footings, increasing the coefficient of variation with the experimental data. The desing recommendations of their countries are used for sizing the punch, but are mainly empirical rules, that is prepared a series of experimental data. Thus, the experimental results must play or come close to reproducing the reality that the component studied issue will be submitted in the case of footings in the soil. The wide range of test systems raises doubts as to need and reliability by verifying discrepancies between the rules and test systems mainly for the ability to last loads, generating uncertainty as to the suitability of these recommendations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da segurança e saúde do trabalho em canteiros de obras: estudo de caso em uma autarquia federal de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-15) LIMA JÚNIOR, Moacir de Souza; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058
The research analysed public works buildings, members works in the construction sector has feature live with dangerous activities, being necessary preventive actions implementing practices of occupational health and safety, undertaking construction sites more productive, safe and healthy. In order to identify and propose actions to optimize the control of safety and health at work in the construction sites of public institution, was used the case study as a research methodology that had place the campus of the Federal University of Pará, a federal higher education authority; and that investigated the bidding process, the federal legislation, institutional documents, the conditions of construction sites and interviewed professionals of the institution and of the contractors. Checking evidence of imprudence on the part of contractors and deficiencies in the institution’s practices, which demonstrated that the institution needs, to improve and resize your staff to achieve success in the supervision the construction sites. The research was intended to stimulate the public administration to incorporate current practices demonstrating credibility and objectivity to the occupational safety and health performance in his works, preserving the institution as to the compliance with the current legislation and promote your visibility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da tendência de precipitação e vazão na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-24) DIAS, Luanna Costa; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
Studying rainfall and flow trends is important to understand hydrological variability and to determine what has influenced increases or decays. The present study analyzes the trends of the space-time annual series of precipitation (total annual precipitation and maximum annual precipitation) and flow (averages, maximums and minimums) in the Amazon River Basin through non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's tests. Slope for five different periods (1975-2014, 1980-2014, 1985-2014, 1995-2014 and 2000-2014). The results indicate that the series of average flows are increasing in the Amazon Basin for all analyzed periods. In the sub-basins of the right bank of the Amazon River, Tapajós and Madeira, the most recent period (2000-2014) registered the greatest trends of increase in the average annual flow from 1998 (year of strong El Niño) and that reached the largest values already observed. In the maximum flow series, the Óbidos station had an increasing rate of increase for the five periods analyzed for extreme flood events, which directly affect the population residing in these areas. Mean flow decay trends were found at six stations in the Tapajós and Madeira sub-basins. As for precipitation, there are significant trends of increase and decay distributed in several distinct regions of the basin. The stations with the highest positive precipitation trends had a significant increase since 1997, reaching the highest peaks in 2013. The comparison of the magnitude of the trends by the Sen's Slope test shows that there is a behavior of increasing flow rates in the entire Amazon basin and in terms of precipitation there are areas of increase and decrease, that is, precipitation is not the only variable that influences the flows of the Amazon River basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das causas de aditivos de custo e de prazo em obras públicas de instituições federais de ensino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-19) ALVARENGA, Felipe Campos; MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7497951647889934
Completing works within the cost and schedule stipulated in the planning phase is a major problem faced by managers in the construction industry. With this, several studies have been carried out around the world to identify the main reasons that lead to noncompliance with the works at the time and cost initially established. The present study aims to analyze the contractual additions made in public works of the Federal Institutions of Education (IFEs) and the main reasons that led to their conclusion. To achieve this goal, statistical tools were used to compare the cost and time changes between the country regions. The data of this work includes public construction projects divided in all the 5 regions of the Country, filtered from the database of the Ministry of Education. A diagnosis was made showing the percentage of additives among the regions and the main justifications of the same ones indicated in a sampling in this database. Statistical techniques such as the Kruskall-Wallis Analysis of Variance and the Mann-Whitney U-Test were used for data analysis and inference. As results, the differences in the distribution of time and cost additives were statistically significant among the regions, with the South and Central-West regions presenting the greatest differences and the North, Northeast and Southeast regions with a statistically similar behavior among them. Of the 2178 projects collected, 69.05% had additives of term and 61.89% of cost. The main factors that affect time and cost of the projects were the inclusions and / or modifications of design and the additions of services. The ways to reduce the incidence of overruns point to the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, lean construction and greater experience in the management of works.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de parâmetros globais de projeto em edifícios com estrutura de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-22) VIEIRA, Vitor Vinicius dos Santos; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476653308517248
The verification of reinforced concrete buildings is carried out by local analysis and by global analysis. In the local analysis are evaluated the effects of deformations in the isolated elements. Already in the overall analysis of the behavior is evaluated considered the structure as a whole. Normally, this overall verification is done through design parameters, which allow to maintain control of problems that can affect the safety or performance of buildings of reinforced concrete. By means of computer systems, it’s possible to obtain, fairly quickly, a series of parameters that offer virtually complete diagnostic of the answers that the structures will present when external actions submitted, like the wind or the vertical loads. Howeverit is not enough process structural models and get results, it is necessary to interpret what these mean and verify its validity. Therefore, this study was done with the intention to contribute with the referring studies the overall analysis of the structures, based on the design parameters to know: 𝛾𝑧 and 𝑅𝑀2𝑀1 coefficients, overall critical load factor of buckling, horizontal displacements, fundamental frequency and acceleration. Are studied several cases of idealized structures, with the objective to evaluate the relation between these parameters and propose simplified equations for calculating the overall critical load factor and the fundamental frequency from the 𝛾𝑧 coefficient. Furthermore, are analyze some real building structures aiming to evaluate the proposed equations and draw comparisons with the limits recommended by Brazilian standards. For the processing of structures were used two analysis programs, the TQS and the SAP2000. Generally speaking, the equations that relate the 𝛾𝑧 coefficient with the critical load factor and with the fundamental frequency showed satisfactory results. For displacement and acceleration, could not establish equations due to inexistence of relation of these as the 𝛾𝑧. As for the normative limits, found to be that even structures that fulfill the safety criteria for the overall instability, nevertheless these may present problems related to excessive horizontal displacements and vibrations perceptible to the human being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco de cumprimento de prazo de construção comercial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-25) BATISTA, Amanda Cremilda Lima; MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7497951647889934; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
Civil construction is characterized by its complexity and uncertainty, because its processes occur simultaneously and interdependently, inserted in a dynamic, non-linear and unpredictable environment. It is necessary throughout the life cycle an evaluation and management of the risk factors, thus enabling the elaboration of prevention strategies and opportunities. Therefore, this research had as objective the probabilistic evaluation of the risks in the terms of a vertical construction project, located in the city of Belém / Pa. The strategic objective of the stakeholders was the completion of the work in the 15-month period and a forecast of direct and indirect costs of R $ 8,808,614.04. In this way, the probability of the project to occur within the desired period (15 months) was evaluated through two PERT / CPM networks, called scenario 01 and scenario 02. Given that scenario 01 was developed considering the 15-month period and scenario 02 developed according to the unit composition tables of term and costs, which is called the pessimistic scenario of the work. Thus, the results of the evaluation showed that the project had a 76.79% probability of occurring in 22 months, with a possible budget increase of 35.18%, close to R $ 11,907,293.46. Therefore, the PERT / CPM methodology is satisfactory, since the objectives of this research were achieved. However, the network is incompatible with the contextual reality of the project, since construction projects have other interacting variables that influence time and costs and are impossible to evaluate with the PERT / CPM network.