Dissertações em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Mestrado) - PPGNBC/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2375

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da proteção de citocinas após exposição celular in vitro com os antígenos ML2478 e ML0840 do Mycobacterium leprae
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09) MESSIAS, Ana Caroline Cunha; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2310734509396125; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-7764
Diagnosis of oligosymptomatic leprosy cases may enable interventions to be performed before the onset of physical disabilities. However, because the diagnosis is still essentially clinical and the disease progresses slowly, there is difficulty in recognizing these cases, since the lesions are discreets and with subtle changes in sensitivity. Most of the time patients are diagnosed when they already have obvious clinical characteristics and/or physical disabilities. Thus, is necessary to develop laboratory tools that help in the early diagnosis of the disease. The cell immunity assay Whole Blood Assay (WBA) is a low-cost, easy-to-perform technique that provides conditions for antigen screening and is favored in areas where leprosy is endemic and may facilitate incorporation of a test into sites with less access to sophisticated laboratories. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular immune response after in vitro exposure of peripheral blood to Mycobacterium leprae antigens ML2478 and ML0840. Eighty-seven individuals were selected for quantitation the cytokines of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 after exposure with specific M. leprae antigens by WBA for 24 hours. A total of 47 leprosy cases were evaluated distributed in: 6 tuberculoid and 14 borderline tuberculoid, 13 borderline lepromatous leprosy, 6 lepromatous leprosy; and 8 schoolchildren diagnosed with leprosy during the group active search strategy (oligosymptomatic cases in the clinical forms: 1 primary neural, 1 undetermined, 6 borderline tuberculoid). The remaining 47 individuals corresponded to 20 contacts, 13 healthy schoolchildren and 7 individuals with other skin diseases. The analysis of cytokines suggests the balance between IFN-γ and IL-10 may indicate individuals who are progressing to the Th2 pole. IL-17 and TGF-β1 may be used to follow-up individuals with similar response to leprosy cases. The production of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β1 cytokines by stimulation with proteins ML2478 and ML0840 did not differ between healthy students and case students. And the cytokine IL-17 demonstrated higher production in cases attended at URE than in case students and individuals in control groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ativação do receptor canabinóide tipo 1 (CB1r) previne o estresse oxidativo cerebral e inibe o comportamento tipo agressivo em Danio rerio (Zebrafish)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-17) PINHEIRO, Emerson Feio; SILVA, Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407177208423247
Aggression is a set of complex actions that involve several factors of a genetic, neurophysiological, hormonal and behavioral nature. Furthermore, the brain redox state can also influence aggressive behavior in different species. Thus, modulators of this process can influence the expression of aggressive episodes, between them is the Endocannabinoid System that acts as the main neuromodulator of the CNS, in addition to exerting an antioxidant effect in different conditions. However, its participation in the modulation of aggressive-like behavior needs to be better understood. In this context, this study evaluated the role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r) in brain redox state and aggressive-like behavior in Danio rerio (Zebrafish). For this, 64 animals were subdivided into groups: (a) Control (n=26), (b) ACEA (n=30) and (c) AM-251 (n=12), all treated with the drugs of interest: (a) Vehicle (NaCl 0.9%); (b) ACEA agonist 1 mg/kg; (c) 1 mg/kg AM-251 antagonist. The animals were isolated in pairs, without physical contact for 24 hours, followed by pre-treatment and after 30 minutes of pharmacokinetics, the fights were filmed for 30 minutes, the individuals were identified as Dominant or Subordinate and the brains were collected for evaluation of the state brain redox of these individuals. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the activation of CB1r by the ACEA agonist modulates aggressive-like behavior and, consequently, partially interferes with the establishment of social hierarchy in Zebrafish, through a redox-independent mechanism. We suggest, therefore, that acute treatment targeting CB1r is a useful neuropharmacological tool to elucidate the role of CES in social interaction and aggressive behavior, allowing a translation with numerous pathologies that have aggression as a behavioral disorder.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da seletividade olfatória causada pela infecção por SARS-COV-2
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-16) ALMEIDA, José Ramon Gama; BASTOS, Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2487879058181806; ÁVILA, Paulo Eduardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4673218055614655
Introduction: Sudden loss of smell is one of the most prevalent symptoms of COVID-19. The sense of smell ranges from detecting warning odors in the environment to building our most pleasurable experiences. This sense stimulates a complex neural network, including the temporal lobe, the amygdala, the insula and a large part of the limbic lobe: the loss of smell should not, only, be considered a sensory symptom, but also a psycho-sensory syndrome. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the olfactory selectivity and trigeminal sensation in olfactory alterations reported by patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: The Randomized case-control study involving 88 individuals: COVID-19 without olfactory dysfunction previously diagnosed prior to the pandemic period; with COVID-19 with olfactory dysfunction diagnosed before the pandemic period; and without COVID-19 and loss of olfactory sensitivity during the pandemic period, with persistent anosmia or hyposmia after SARS-CoV-2 infection. All individuals participating in the study (Control/intervention groups) diagnosed with or without COVID-19 underwent evaluation data collection form and psychophysical sensory test which included olfactory test, olfactory memory test, olfactory threshold test and trigeminal sensation test (CEP-UFPA: 40962420.2.0000.0018). ANOVA follow the Tukey test. Results: The results demonstrated which all patients with or without COVID-19 diagnosis, loss the ability to not identify the odorant of banana essence when compared to the healthy health group being significant control vs. COVID-19 without p<0.0002 and significant control vs. COVID-19 with p<0.0010 and not significant COVID-19 without vs. COVID-19 with p>0.05. For the short-term olfactory memory test which all patients with or without COVID-19 diagnosis, demonstrated an increase in the misidentification of odorants presented when compared to healthy controls, as well as in the olfactory threshold differences in perception were observed between the groups. analyzed. The absence of at least one chemosensory function (cooling sensation) of the trigeminal during the test period was reported by which all patients with or without COVID-19 diagnosis, when compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: In this way, SARS-CoV-2 infection may be promoting an olfactory dysfunction that affects the perception of banana odor, as well as the affected long-term characteristic such as olfactory memory, olfactory threshold and trigeminal sensation of olfactory loss that COVID-19. 19 generates in patients may provide clues to therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing, alleviating or curing long-term olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Classificação de perfis de produtividade usando redes neurais artificiais a partir de registros eletroencefalográficos: uma aplicação na Mineradora Vale S.A., Complexo S11D Eliezer Batista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01) BASTOS, Caio de Oliveira; PEREIRA JUNIOR, Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-1058; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851
Results and methods from neuroscience can already be applied on a routine scale. Applied neuroscience is in use, for example, to measure and study brain activity under high demand using electroencephalography (EEG). In certain work environments, human productivity is a direct function of brain activity. The intense recruitment of cognitive functions such as sustained attention and working memory influence productivity directly. The labor demands experienced by workers in mining companies are an example. This work is a part of a bigger project called “Usando Treinamento Cognitivo para o Desenvolvimento de Operadores de Alto Desempenho” from the Vale S. A. mining company and, therefore, all of the workers that participated in this study worked for that company. We used EEG to measure productivity during a task without the constraints typically found in experiments conducted in the laboratory. To this aim, we created a machine learning algorithm to analyze the resting EEG recorded before and after a 4D simulation, where mining workers (37 ± 7 years old) specialized to operate giant high-capacity shovels. The simulated task consisted of the operator using the shovel in a digging and loading routine. The task was not planned for our research. It was part of the worker’s routine training. That is, we took advantage of the workers’ training to carry out the study. Recordings were preprocessed using a band-pass filter (0.5-100 Hz) followed by filtering using ICA (Independent Component Analysis). After each operator finish the simulation, their productivity was measured by VALE S.A technical staff. The main parameter for good productivity was the amount of ore excavated. The operators were divided into groups according to ranges of productivity. The productivity was used as a label for the learning of the algorithm that consisted of an artificial neural network of the type inception. The number of neurons and layers was optimized using Bayesian optimization. The features extracted by the inception were the input to 13 classifiers. The classifier chosen for the final algorithm was the best, that is the one providing the best accuracy in the productivity classification. The training set contained 80% of the data. A hold-out validation was used to test the accuracy of the final algorithm using 20% of the data. The resulting accuracy when the operators were divided into four groups of productivity reached 91.35%. When there were only two groups of productivity the accuracy peaked at 95.05%. Our results showed that even under no laboratory constraints – during the regular training of the operators and using resting EEG – our algorithm succeed and it is ready to be used in future field operations. We have a prototype that is patentable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do tratamento combinado com laserterapia e gel de açaí na fase proliferativa de reparo em modelo de lesão por ruptura tendínea total em ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-13) MENDES, Aurea Gabriela Rodrigues; MORAES, Suellen Alessandra Soares de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278397231382779; BATISTA, Evander de Jesus Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2206444845201080
Acai extract has been investigated as a pharmacological strategy due to its anti- inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. Furthermore, studies report that low-intensity laser (LBT) may favor tissue repair due to its proliferative effects in increasing the number of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis. Therefore, the combined use of açaí with LBT may be a therapeutic alternative in the management of tendon repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined treatment with açaí gel and LBT on the morphofunctional and nociceptive aspects of Achilles tendon injury in the proliferative phase of repair. For this, 40 Wistar rats were divided into control group (CTRL), injury (INJURY), 10% açaí gel (INJURY+GA), 2J infrared laser, (INJURY+LAS) and combined treatment (INJURY+LAS+GA). The Von Frey test, Joint Angle and Achilles Functional Index were performed at 0-, 3-, 7- , and 14-days post-injury (DPL). After 14 days, the tendons were collected and the tissue organization pattern was analyzed by H&E or Alcian Blue to assess variations in glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix, staining with DAPI to quantify the number of cells and collagen autofluorescence to assess the orientation pattern of collagen fibers. We demonstrated improvement in the macroscopic characteristics of the tendon in the treatment groups in relation to INJURY, which may be correlated with better organization and tissue orientation, as well as collagen fibers in these groups. The increase in the number of cells and fibroblasts was more evident in the laser group, emphasizing the proliferative role of the laser. Functional recovery was observed in 7 DPL in the isolated laser group, while the combined treatment improved nociception in the acute phase (7th DPL). In the proliferative phase (14th DPL), the IFA showed improvement in functional aspects in the combined treatment group. On the other hand, nociceptive sensitivity was reestablished in all treatment groups. In summary, our findings indicate that the combined use of açaí gel with LBT may be a therapeutic alternative in the management of tendon injury repair.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Homocisteína vitamina B12 e ácido fólico como biomarcadores de triagem no diagnóstico precoce e monitoramento do câncer gástrico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-11) ALCÂNTARA, Fernanda Farias de; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
Gastric cancer in the last decades has shown a decrease in the number of cases, which is much due to the progress in sanitary health, and the greater access of the population to educational policies. However, it remains the third leading cause of death worldwide between men and women. Such deaths are usually linked to late diagnosis. The present study intends to establish a profile of screening biomarkers by the homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid dosages, which can be inserted in the routine routine of examinations, aiming the rapid diagnosis of the disease. A total of 207 control and 207 cases of gastric cancer patients were analyzed, both of which were biochemical measurements of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12, matched in relation to age, tumor location, subtype, tumor classification, EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus), and Helicobacter pylori. For the triad dosage, chemiluminescence techniques were used, and the other variables were obtained by hospital information. As results, significant differences were found between the means of the triad of cancer patients in relation to the control, in all paired variables. In conclusion, our study showed that the triad analysis (homocysteine, vitamin b12 and folic acid) has its value in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, and may in the future be an effective marker of screening for this type of cancer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inibição de ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) em camundongos infantis saudáveis: consequências sobre o comportamento e o perfil oxidativo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-26) LIMA, Klinsmann Thiago; BASTOS, Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2487879058181806
In the central nervous system, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a constitutive enzyme, expressed by neurons from different brain regions, which acts in the maintenance of neural homeostasis, modulating synaptic plasticity and the generation of new neurons. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs of choice that act to inhibit COX enzymes, with nimesulide (NMS) being a drug of this class. Several studies have demonstrated the role of these enzymes in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, epilepsy, depression and schizophrenia. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of COX- 2 inhibition in healthy infant mice on behavioral and biochemical criteria, using NMS as a pharmacological blockade tool. For this, male Swiss infant mice, aged between 21 and 34 days, were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Vehicle, (2) NMS 2.5mg/kg, (3) NMS 5mg/kg and (4) NMS 10mg/kg. Two injections of NMS/Vehicle were administered intraperitoneally daily. Throughout the experiment, the body mass of the animals was recorded daily and they were subjected to behavioral tests: open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), light/dark box test (LDBT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). In addition, brain samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The results demonstrated the induction of oxidative stress with increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and hippocampus, as well as the expression of an anxiogenic behavior, observed in the EPM, possibly potentiated by fear. In the NORT, the animals of the NMS 5mg/kg group showed a deficit in the memory of recognizing new objects, and consequently, in the short-term memory. Thus, our results demonstrated that the in vivo inhibition of COX-2 in infant animals induces an anxious-like behavior possibly potentiated by fear, but does not affect the exploration and locomotion of these animals. Furthermore, COX-2 inhibition induced cortical and hippocampal oxidative stress. Therefore, the inhibition of COX-2 in infantile and non-inflamed animals may compromise cognitive functions such as memory and learning, as well as alter the cerebral oxidative profile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O tratamento com meio condicionado em cultura primária de tenócitos acelera o reparo tendíneo em modelo de lesão total do tendão calcâneo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-14) MACIEL, Analú Alves; SILVA, Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407177208423247
Conventional treatments for tendinopathies are ineffective and most clinical interventions do not provide adequate recovery leaving this tissues more likely to suffer reinjures. Recently, cell based therapies has been shown to be effective for the treatment in connective tissue injuries, such as tendons. Our aim is to evaluate if local treatment with tenocytes conditioned medium promoves tissue and functional improvements in the calcaneal tendon of tenotomized mice. The calcaneal tendon cells of Swiss mice were cultured for conditioning culture medium that will be used as a treatment. The animals were subjected to right calcaneal tenotomy and treated with saline solution (SAL), DMEM without serum (DMEM) and DMEM conditioned in primary tenocyte culture (MC) and compared to the control group (CTRL). Tendon functionality was measured using the Achilles Functional Index (AFI) and mechanical sensitivity through the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) using the Von Frey test. All analyzes were performed at 7, 14 and 21 days post-injury (dpi). For histological analysis, tissues were stained with HE. Statistics were performed by ANOVA-2 followed by Tukey's post test, p<0.01. The MC group showed functional improvement at 7° and 14°dpi (-40.4±12.6; -36.6±10.4) compared to the DMEM groups (-76.5±11.7; -71, 6±7.9, p<0.01) and SAL (-88.8±15; -71.4±12.6 p<0.01). The MC group showed improvement in the paw withdrawal threshold at 7° and 14°dpl (2.24±1.15; 2.66±1.06) compared to the DMEM groups (0.15±0.07; 0 .45±0.76 p<0.01) SAL (0.13±1.15; 0.77±0.95 p<0.01). In the histological analysis, the MC group showed better tissue organization with cells presenting a format more similar to the control group, while the SAL and DMEM groups were more different from this one. We conclude that treatment with tenocytes conditioned medium accelerates tendon recovery, promoving improvement in mechanical sensitivity, functionality and tissue organization in the proposed injury model.

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