Navegando por Autor "DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Generalidade da aprendizagem em situações de uso de ferramentas por um macaco-prego, Cebus Apella
(2010-12) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria
Studies with respect to tool use by Cebidae diverge on the question whether this ability is of an associative type, or if an understanding of the function of tools is involved. Studies showed that abilities of tool use learned in one context may transfer to other contexts, indicating that more than "stimulus-response learning" is involved. In this study, a capuchin monkey was exposed to two problem-solving situations, one where two sticks needed to be fit to reach a piece of food and another where the animal needed to fit a different model of sticks to hit an equipment. The results showed that solving the first problem facilitated the solution of the second, indicating that responses which were successful in solving previous problems are more probable to occur in new situations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigações sobre o papel da generalização funcional em uma situação de resolução súbita de problemas (insight) em Rattus norvegicus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-29) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Learning psychology was characterized by the debate of if learning is a gradual or a sudden process. While associassionists defended the first proposal, gestaltist stated the existence of abrupt learning situations. Among the main authors to defend this possibility was Wolfgang Köhler. This author work has been pointed out as evidence of learning as a sudden process. Although these works are relevant for showing the existence of situations when sudden learning occurs, it has been questioned frequently about his conclusions about why this kind of behavior phenomena occurs. Among many of the criticism made, the most debated one is the lack of history control of his experimental subjects, nevertheless the disregard of the role of that history over data obtained. Studies that investigated this role (Epstein et al., 1984 and Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) show that the typical insight response could be the result of previously learned repertoire combined. Epsteins works were important in showing that insight would be the combination of repertoires in appropriated situations through a process known as Functional Generalization. The present study aims to investigate if Functional Generalization is really responsible for repertoires interconexion that results into task resolution in a considered sudden way. To achieve that, Epsteins experiments were replicated, using rats as subjects. The results show that Functional Generalization seems to be a necessary requirement, but not enough to sudden problem resolution in a way considered as insight.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tranferência de aprendizagem no uso de ferramentas por macacos-prego (Cebus cf. apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-10) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Researchers have been inquiring whether capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) tool use proficiency is a result of arbitrary discoveries resulting of exploratory behaviors that are frequent in these primates or is a result of the understanding of the tool function. Considering that these animals may modify, transport and fabricate tools, it is possible to propose that some level of understanding is involved, although related to the life history and built through a series of interactions with situations which are relevant to acquisition of a generalized repertoire of tool use. Aiming to investigate this proposal, a series of experiments with two groups of capuchin monkeys (Cebus cf. apella) was made, with the manipulation of the experimental history of these animals. All subjects were exposed repeatedly to a problem in which they should assembly six plastic blocks to build a tower, use it to reach a stick, with that stick reaching a second stick further distant, assembly the two sticks into a longer one and with that flip containers, dropping and obtaining food pellets. While two subjects were repeatedly exposed to that problem without any additional training, other two subjects were exposed, between exposures to the problem itself, to a rich experimental history of indirectly related tasks. The subjects of the first group were not able to solve the problem, but the subjects of the second group did it, although without direct training. It was concluded that a previous relevant history is essential to the so-called understanding of the solution of the problem and that this understanding or insight is an adaptive behavioral process, in which the learned skills are transferred to new contexts by basic behavioral processes as stimulus generalization, functional generalization and learning-set.