Navegando por Autor "LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governança florestal via comércio internacional de madeira: políticas da União Europeia e suas influências nos atores sociais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-10) LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
Following the international trend towards sustainable and illegality-free production chains, the European Union (EU) has adopted its own policies and strategies that potentially impact countries such as Brazil, which produce a large part of the commodities consumed by the EU, including timber. In this sense, the objective of this study is to understand how ready Brazilian governance of the tropical native forest sector is to respond to the demands of this trend, based on domestic policies and strategies, as well as on the network of interaction and influence of its stakeholders. To meet this objective, a systematic review was first used using the PRISMA-P protocol to identify Brazilian and international instruments for promoting legality and sustainability in the timber sector. Next, a situational analysis was carried out to assess in detail the possible impacts of the EU Regulation for Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR) on the forest scenario in Brazil. Finally, the network analysis served to understand how the relationships and influence strategies of stakeholders in the Brazilian forest sector (government, private sector, civil society and academia) affect Brazilian governance in the international scenario. Our results indicate that Brazil is well positioned regarding instruments, particularly state-owned instruments, since they have synergies with each other and with international instruments in the same area. However, the effective implementation of these instruments remains the country's main challenge. In addition to correcting these shortcomings, the application of a policy mix and/or hybrid strategies based on national instruments would be necessary. Additionally, dialogue, cooperation and mutual accountability between producing and consuming countries, as well as economic incentives, are recommended. These recommendations are also valid for Brazil's alignment with the EUDR, since the country may face risks associated, above all, with legal and governance aspects (e.g: inconsistencies between EU standards and Brazilian environmental laws), economic (e.g: unequal distribution of additional costs) and socio-environmental (e.g: shifts to less regulated markets). On the other hand, the EUDR also offers opportunities for Brazil to strengthen its sustainability instruments and policies by seeking to maintain its exports to the EU. In the perception of stakeholders in the Brazilian forestry sector, the Regulation brings together more negative than positive perceptions and the networks of relationships and influences formed by them showed little connectivity. Furthermore, we identified asymmetries regarding the influence strategies of the determined focus groups: the federal government and the private sector tended towards influence strategies of direct retention of resources (e.g: direct control of information for decision-making), while civil society and academia tended towards indirect retention and indirect use strategies, respectively. We conclude that Brazilian forest governance has structures that are partially aligned with international sustainability and legality requirements. Brazil has good instruments in this sense, and they are connected to the needs of international governance, but it needs to improve their domestic implementation to be effective. The network of stakeholders needs to strengthen its cohesion and connectivity to improve its forms of influence on forest governance beyond the individual interests of groups. To remain a relevant player in the commodities trade, Brazil faces the challenge of adapting and improving its forest governance to the strict international demands for sustainability, such as European policies, overcoming historical illegalities in the timber production chain, improving existing instruments and strengthening the network of stakeholders. Consumer countries that have already been complicit in the problem by importing products of illegal origin should consider supporting producer countries in adapting their production methods to reduce socioenvironmental risks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento ambiental em concessões florestais estaduais: estudo de caso no conjunto de Glebas Mamuru-Arapiuns, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-03-19) LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
As a pioneering experience started in 2011, forestry concessions in the Glebas Mamuru Arapiuns complex, in the west of the State of Pará, still lack assessments on the environmental monitoring employed by public and private agents. This study evaluated the performance of environmental monitoring by the competent actors, the effectiveness of that execution and the local forest governance employed in the areas granted. Execution was assessed based on the degree of compliance with the environmental monitoring baseline and the flow of internal processes, plus the perception of the actors. Forest effectiveness and governance were analyzed using guidelines and pillars adapted from international literature. The legal and procedural framework adopted by the state concession system brought security and stability in the face of unstable political scenarios. However, both compliance and monitoring effectiveness were partially satisfactory and dependent on each actor. The contract management body achieved 92% satisfactory compliance; the management plan's licensing and inspection body obtained 60% and the independent auditorsreached 100%. The two forest concessionaires assessed differed in compliance with the monitoring baseline, 75% satisfactory for Amazônia Florestal Ltda and 47% for LN Guerra Indústria e Comércio de Madeira Ltda. The effectiveness of environmental monitoring, in turn, was satisfactory in 50% of the evaluated principles. The forest governance of the state concessions of Mamuru-Arapiuns Glebas in their environmental dimension showed flaws in different pillars considered key to its success, which together indicated the need for improvements in forest governance. In this sense, in order to safeguard forest resources in a medium term, it is suggested to prioritize the strengthening of the institutions' technical and financial capacity, establish a more efficient communication flow between agencies and improve transparency processes