Dissertações em Doenças Tropicais (Mestrado) - PPGDT/NMT
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3559
O Mestrado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Desconhecido Análise das manifestações emocionais e motoras de ribeirinhos expostos ao mercúrio na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-19) COSTA JUNIOR, José Maria Farah; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268Introduction: The investigation of impacts clinico-neurological associated with exposure to mercury levels in exposed populations are necessary in the Amazon. Objective: To analyze the emotional and motor manifestations of riparian exposed by diet in the municipalities of Itaituba/PA and Acara/PA. Method: Hair samples were collected for the determination of total Hg, obtaining of demographic data and emotional symptomatology (depression, anxiety and insomnia) and motors (paresthesia, muscle weakness, imbalance when walking, tremor, pain in the limbs and dysarthria). Results: There was a prevalence of females in both municipalities, as well as a higher frequency of women of reproductive age. The median concentration of total mercury (HgT) in Itaituba was significantly higher (p <0.0001) than in Acará. The emotional manifestations were identified in 26 (26,5%) participants from Itaituba and in 24 (52,2%) in Acará. With regard to the specific motor complaints in Itaituba occurred in 63 (64,3%) volunteers, with pain in the limbs (36,7%), paresthesia (32,6%) and muscle weakness (27,5%) the most frequently mentioned. In Acara, 33 (71,7%) participants had motor manifestations with the highest number of complaining of paresthesia (54,3%), pain in the limbs (52,2%) and tremor (34,8%). The average concentrations of HgT those with emotional manifestations, with motor manifestations and emotional and motor manifestations were above the considered tolerable (6μg/g) by the World Health Organization in Itaituba Conclusion: The results revealed the influence of the exposure levels about the emotional and motor manifestations. The monitoring with the application of qualitative and/or quantitative conventional specific tests are needed to better support and control cases, as well as the investigation of other clinical signs.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação temporal da exposição humana ao mercúrio no Oeste paraense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-27) ANDRADE, Paulo Douglas de Oliveira; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718In the present study we described mercury (Hg) exposure evolution in two riverside communities of Tapajos River Basin, Brazilian Amazon. These communities are exposed to this metal by the consumption of fishes that they fishing from the contaminated river. The contamination is due to a process that occurs mainly due to the weathering of soil in the area (which is naturally rich in Hg) and gold mining, that uses mercury to isolate the gold. The analysis used a dosimetric database containing values of mercury, wich was generated from hair samples of the riversides from Tapajos. The data collection was conducted for 17 years (1998-2014) and totaled 1.502 (one thousand, five hundred two) samples, which were divided into four groups: adult male, adult female, male child and female child. The results reveled the group with the highest risk of exposure: the adults males. After all the years of study, the adult male group was the group with the highest average Hg levels (14,41 μg/g ± 10 μg/g). On the other hand, all groups showed a trendy to decrease these levels, with the men took more time to start this process of reduction rates. Their levels dropped from 16,61 μg/g in 2007 to 11,23 μg/g in 2013. Women's group reduced from 13,92 μg/g in 2004 to 7,04 μg/g in 2013. Children had more significant reduction, wherein the girls dropped from 15.42 μg/g in 2001 to 3.83 μg/g in 2014, and the boys from 12.96 μg/g to 5.95 μg/g in the same years. The problematic situation involving the adult male group may indicate a more traditional lifestyle (based on a high fish consumption), less contact with professionals and researchers who instruct the population about the risks of poisoning, and more restrict nutrition, without red meat, tropical fruits, etc. In this sense, it is evident the need for greater awareness of this group in particular (adults males), and must the public health policies aimed specifically, must be enhanced in the region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Exposição ao mercúrio: avaliação neurológica com ênfase na investigação somatossensorial quantitativa em ribeirinhos da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-08) KHOURY, Eliana Dirce Torres; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268Despite evidence that exposure levels to mercury can produce neurological damage to the coastal communities of the Tapajos River basin, only a few clinical studies have assessed changes of neurological functions, especially somatosensory disturbance, considered as the initial manifestations of methylmercury poisoning. In this study we evaluated the current levels of exposure to mercury and sensory symptoms in adults from Riverside communities located in different river basins. Two in the Tapajós River basin and one in Tocantins basin. Participating in this study were 78 residents in Barreiras, 30 in São Luís do Tapajós (Tapajós River basin) and 49 in Furo do Maracujá (Tocantins basin), aged between 13 and 53 years, of both sexes. Total hair mercury concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the neurological evaluation was carried out by conventional examination and by quantitative measures for tactile sensation by Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, vibration sensation and two points discrimination. Concentrations of mercury in the Tapajós River basin communities were higher than that of Tocantins (p<0.0001). The evaluation of neurological changes showed no significant difference between the communities of exposed areas and control for the changes observed by conventional neurological examination, except for gait deviation (p<0.05). Thresholds for tactile sensation by Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (except for the left chest), vibration sensation (except for the upper sternum) and discrimination of two points were higher in the subjects in the area of exposure when compared with those of the control area (p<0.05). On the correlation of the thresholds with current concentrations of Hgtotal in hair, directly proportional correlation was only observed for the thresholds of tactile sensation by Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments of lower lip (p-value<0.0001). It is concluded that mild changes in the sensitivity thresholds were predominant in the areas of exposure to methylmercury. Maintenance of exposure monitoring, guidance on public health measures and new clinical studies using somatosensory quantitative measures are required for clarification of the occurrence of clinical cases of poisoning in riparian areas contaminated by mercury.Item Desconhecido Genotoxicidade mercurial: contribuição para análise de populações amazônicas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06-05) MACEDO, Gisele Lima; LÓPEZ, Maria Elena Crespo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265Mercury is an important environmental pollutant for the world and, specially, for the Amazon. Presently, there are some evidences about chronic exposure to relatively low concentrations of mercury initiating genotoxic processes (DNA damage) in humans. However, to date, few epidemiological studies were carried out with Amazonian populations exposed to mercury, but no study included a population as a control to compare. The aim of this study was to identify the technique more adequate for analyzing mercury genotoxicity in Amazonian populations and to establish control values of genotoxicity in an Amazonian riverside population. To carry out in vitro tests, two traditional methods to detect genotoxicity (micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations) were applied and compared. Primary cultures of blood lymphocytes of volunteers from Belém, were exposed to relatively low concentrations of methylmercury (1-500μg/l or 0,004-2 μM). Mitotic index (proportion of cells in metaphase) originated with the method of detection of chromosomal aberrations was the parameter more sensitive to mercury genotoxicity. After identification of the method and the parameter more sensitive to mercury genotoxicity, this method was applied to study an Amazonian riverside population as a control for studies about mercury genotoxicity. Panacauera was selected as control population and mitotic index for this population was 0.077 ± 0.045. Detected values of mitotic index showed variability, not related to age or sex. When these values were compared to the values of Brasilia Legal (community exposed to methylmercury) registered in literature, mitotic index of Brasilia Legal for some groups was below mitotic index of Panacauera, pointing to an inhibition of the cell-cycle progression and/or loss of proliferative capacity due to mercury intoxication. These results support the idea that mitotic index may serve as an essential parameter for the early diagnosis of the damage provoked by mercury exposure, and they contribute to the epidemiological knowledge about the consequences of the chronic exposure with mercury in Amazonian populations.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Marcadores de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax, durante o tratamento com primaquina e cloroquina(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-02) MELLO, Amanda Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso; LIBONATI, Rosana Maria Feio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3818175484709618; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098In Brazil, P. vivax accounts for the majority of malaria cases, totaling almost 90% of the records in the Amazonian states. Several studies aimed to understand the relationship of oxidative stress in patients infected with Plasmodium spp clinical and parasitological responses because the plays role deleterious or protective of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen generated by different mechanisms during infection is controversial in the pathogenesis of human malaria . However, no studies involving oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses of the host uncomplicated vivax malaria in the Amazon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers during the acute phase of malaria by P. vivax, characterizing pathways involving redox response of the human host and the influence of chemotherapy in order to test the hypothesis that biomarkers of oxidative stress are not changed during the acute phase of vivax malaria and uncomplicated introduction of chemotherapy does not contribute for oxidative stress in these subjects. It was conducted quantitative study longitudinal case consisting of 38 subjects with malaria by P. vivax adults of both gender, which were analyzed before, during and after the introduction of therapy (D0, D7 and D2), compared to control group of 15 healthy volunteers, matched for gender and age. Were determined by spectrophotometric techniques levels of methemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity, the activity of superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione and total glutathione in bloodstone. Compared to the control group, significantly, the levels of reduced glutathione (p = 0.004) was lower and lipid peroxidation (p <0.001) was higher, respectively. However, no significant changes were observed in the levels of methemoglobin, in total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity and activity of superoxide dismutase compared to the control group. However, with the course of treatment were noted significant increase in the levels of methemoglobin (p <0.001) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.038), but erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione was reduced (p = 0.007). Furthermore, no significant changes in the levels of total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity and glutathione in bloodstone with the introduction of antimalarials. The level of oxidative stress was not obtained, since there was no significant correlation between lipid peroxidation with the total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity during all treatment. It was concluded that increased lipid peroxidation resulting from oxidative damage is opposed by the use of glutathione before the introduction of the therapy, suggesting the involvement of redox pathways in uncomplicated vivax malaria. The institution of chemotherapy, probably, interfered in intraerythrocyte redox cycle, which was characterized by a continuous increase in methemoglobin and the activity of superoxide dismutase, as well as by the reduction of the levels of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Marcadores oxidantes e antioxidantes em populações expostas ao mercúrio em diferentes regiões geográficas do estado do Pará, Amazônia brasileira(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) OLIVEIRA, Claudia Simone Baltazar de; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268This work has objective assess the levels of Hg-T, oxidative stress and antioxidants defenses in populations consumers of fish of different ecosystems from Amazônia. The communities selected for study are: Samaúma, Caratateua, and Barreiras all located in State of Pará. Participated 51 residents from Samaúma, 96 from Caratateua and 52 from Barreiras, of both sexes, between 13 and 55 years. Were collected samples of hair and blood during the visits in the communities for analysis of Hg-T and biochemistry oxidative and antioxidative in 2013. The dosage of GSHtotal, GSSG and GSH was performed in field. For quatification of TEAC and MDA, the samples were frozen and analyzed in the laboratory of oxidative stress of NMT. The analysis of Hg-T were performed in the laboratory of human toxicology and environmental of NMT.The Hg-T in Samaúma was 0.9 μg/g. Caratateua 1.9 μg/g , maximum 20.7 μg/g. Barreiras 4.6 μg/g and maximum 15.7 μg/g of Hg-T. In the dosage of Hg was noted difference statistics very sigficant between the communities. As for frequency of consume of fish, the levels of Hg-T from Caratateua and Barreiras were different statistically when compared to levels of Samaúma in the categories > 2 meals. The relationship between GSSG/GSH was larger in the community of Barreiras, 10. Caratateua and Barreiras presented levels of TEAC similar statistically 0,6 mm/L. In the dosage of MDA, Caratateua presented the larger levels, 3.1 ml/MDA, differing statistically the others comunidades. Only Barreiras community presented weak negative correlation between the levels of Hg-T and GSH. Concluded that The population from Samaúma and Barreiras presented smaller and larger degree of exposure to Hg respectively. However, 11% community of Caratateua presented levels above of recommended by OMS. Barreiras and Caratateua presented larger of degree of cellular oxidation. Thus, there is need for more studies in the community of Caratateua. Besides the application of educational measures in food, as: introduction of antioxidants, the choice of fish species and variability in the diet.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Validação de método para determinação de cloroquina e desetilcloroquina em amostras de sangue adsorvidas em papel de filtro por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de UV(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) NASCIMENTO, Margareth Tavares Silva; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098The determination of the antimalarial blood concentrations employing by fast simple and sensitive methods represents important tool for the optimization of therapeutic regimens currently used in Brazil. In this sense, this paper describes the validation of an analytical methodology by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of chloroquine in blood samples adsorbed on filter paper, from patients with vivax malaria. It was evaluated: precision intra and inter assay, recovery, limits of detection and quantification, robustness, stability, linearity and selectivity. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of intra assay, at concentrations of 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 6 to 10% for both chloroquine and desethylchloroquine. The coefficient of variation inter assay, at concentrations of 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 5 to 10% and 4 to 10% for chloroquine and desethylchloroq uine, respectively. The limits of detection were 62.5 ng/mL for chloroquine and 50.0 ng/mL f or desethylchloroquine and limits of quantificatio n were 100 ng/mL for both analytes. The recovery in the concentration from 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 90 to 105 % and 95% to 105 for chloroquine and desethylchloroquine, respectively. The method was linear in the range of concentration of 100 to 2000 ng/ml for chl oroquine and 100 to 800 ng/ml for desethylchloroquine. The method showed to be robust for small changes in flow, pH of the mobile phase and composition of the organic phase. It was not observed interferents in the validated procedure among those drugs used to treat malaria. The determination of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in patients with vivax malar ia whose average values were 1266±455 ng/mL and 357±165 ng/mL, characterized the applicabilityof the validated procedure for the determination of antimalarial drugs in these patients.