Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade, uso e manejo de quintais agroflorestais no distrito do carvão, Mazagão-AP, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-18) SILVA, Raullyan Borja Lima e; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786846P1; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4755354Y1The agroforestry areas are production systems, which are located near the homes and are quite common in the tropics. They consist of agricultural and forest species and may also involve the raising of small animals in order to produce food for subsistence as well as income generation, with special focus on the conservation of biodiversity. Aiming at characterizing the floristic and ethnobotanical view of the agroforestry areas of the Carvão District and its internal organization, enhancing its composition, socioeconomic structure and function, focusing on aspects of management and usage, so as to gather information that contributes to the conservation of natural resources and their rational use to enhance this important cultural practice, 94 agroforestry areas in the Carvão District, Mazagão-AP, have been studied. During the fieldwork, the ethnographic method with the techniques of participative observation, formal and informal interviews, have been used. The collection of plant material was made through the usual techniques applied in botany. The residents‟ monthly gross income is 261.08 minimum wages (MW) with an average of 2.53 MW and a mode of 1MW, per household. Agricultural practices help with 30.82 MW, which corresponds to 11.801% of the total. The most common diseases in families are influenza, malaria and pain in legs and arms, and medicinal plants are used by the population in the prevention and in the cure of health problems. The yard areas investigated presented different sizes as well as the number of species and specimens, being the average size of 0.08 hectares. Domestic animals are raised so as to complement food and income. We recorded 218 species in 69 families and 164 genera, with an average of 20.90 species per yard area. The families with the largest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae. The most frequent genera are represented by Citrus, Capsicum, Alternanthera, Justicia and Allium. The most frequent species were: Mangifera indica L., Anacardium occidentale L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Euterpe oleracea Mart., Musa sp. and Cocos nucifera L. Regarding the usage categories, most species is multiple use, particularly for medical use (169 species), for food (102 species), for ornamentation (71 species), mystic (56 species) and for trees plantation (36 species). The yards are basically arranged in four distinct strata, and women play important role concerning the introduction and maintenance of the species in that environment. Management in such practices is simple and has low cost, since it involves traditional plant cultivation practices and the main purpose of the yard areas of the Carvão District is to promote complementary food items for families, except for a few of them who sell the surplus. The floristic composition and species distribution in the yards are determined by external and internal factors such as function and size of the yard as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors, also the direct influence of the family that selects the species according to their needs. These places could be better used in order to increase the productivity and utilization of the production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Os folheiros do jaborandi: organização, parcerias e seu lugar no extrativismo amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-23) COSTA, Fabiano Gumier; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670The jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Wardl ex Stapf) is a shrubby included in the family Rutaceae. Its use is contemplated in the ophthalmology due to the presence of pilocarpine, a substance used in the production of eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. In addition, jaborandi is widely used in cosmetics, in xampus and hair creams against hair loss. In the Carajas National Forest there are native populations of jaborandi managed by local people called “folheiros”, organized in a cooperative. In order to investigate how this has happened to the plant extractivism in Carajás and the outlook for activity, we left from a guiding question for the job: Why, despite all the difficulties in its organizational base, low bargaining power in with pharmaceutical companies, the process of criminalization that were targeted, and weaknesses of the plant extractivism as an economic activity, the “folheiros” jaborandi persist in the extractive activity after 25 years? Through four hypotheses outline a scenario for the extractivism of jaborandi Carajas in dialogue with the literature that addresses the management of natural resources in tropical forests, particularly on the extractivism. We conclude that the extractivism of jaborandi, after several legal problems for their organization evolves from a condition of great state repression to a process of agreement for its sustainable management. Despite predictions about the economic viability of extractivism, we believe that the extractivism of jaborandi may be an exception to the patterns previously observed. This is because the native plant has the qualitative advantages over jaborandi grown on large scale. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have sought to acquire sheets of extractive jaborandi also by market benefits associated with positive image of partnerships with local communities and traditional populations. Nevertheless, the extraction is in serious danger of collapse because the fragile social organization of “folheiros” or because its management inviability caused by the advance of mining in the area.