Dissertações em Biologia Ambiental (Mestrado) - PPBA/IECOS
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2607
O Mestrado em Biologia Ambiental foi criado em 1999 e implementado em 2000 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental (PPBA) do Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS) localizado no Campus Universitário de Bragança da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Biologia reprodutiva de Sabellaria wilsoni (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) na ilha de Algodoal-Maiandeua (Pará)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-01) PINTO, Álvaro José de Almeida; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898The Polychaeta Sabellaria wilsoni occurs from the Gulf of Mexico to Argentina, building sandy reefs from the intertidal zone to 25 m depth. These reefs play an important role in structuring and functioning of sandy beach ecosystems in the Amazon Coast. This work studied the reproductive biology of S. wilsoni in Algodoal Island (PA, Brazil), describing sex ratio, gametogenic process and breeding period. Sampling occurred monthly between May 2008 and April 2009. In the laboratory 100 individuals were randomly chosen and measured (total length – from the operculum to the beginning of the anal funnel); and from these, 20 specimens were prepared for histological studies. Slides were observed under optical microscope to describe reproductive structures, and to determine sex and maturation stage (based on a four grade scale). The size of organisms ranged from 4.5 ± 1.89 mm to 11.5 ± 2.83 mm, with females larger and more numerous than males (sex ratio 0.6:1 - M:F). Female gametes develop on projection of blood vessels and are subsequently released into the coelom. In males spermatogenesis is associated with intersegmental septa wall, and sperm is released into the coelom. Gametes are released to the environment through nephridia and fertilization is external. Reproduction occurs all year round with peaks on September-November and March-April. The main cues to reproduction are an increase in hydrodynamics on August, as an adaptation of the Polychaeta to the future reef destruction, which occurs between October and November; and an increase of space available for colonization, after the reef destruction.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Descrição larval de caranguejos brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) da região Amazônica, obtido em laboratório(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-11) SOUZA, Adelson Silva de; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9557937645632227Larvae of the mud crab P. lacustris were reared in laboratory from ovigerous females collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region. The complete development of this species consisted of 4 zoeal and 1 megalopal stages, where each stage was described and illustrated in detail. The results were compared with those of other previous studies on larval development of the species belonging to the genus Panopeus and then briefly discussed. Besides the description of the complete development larval of P. lacustris, has been described and illustrated the first stage zoea of thirteen species of brachyuran crabs collected in the same estuary: P. lacustris Desbonne, 1867, P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, Sesarma rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802), Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) e Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Only the zoea I of P. lacustris was not described again. The morphological characteristics of these species are compared with the original descriptions. To make easy the study of plankton-collected material, it was developed a key to identification of the species described in this study.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos urbanos: a importância de fragmentos florestais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) JORDAN BOUCHON, Yildiz Thais; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6310836748316181; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-1413-1469; QUINTEIRO, Fábio Batagini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1531054078905516Urban expansion is a reality in the Amazon biome, which has transformed aquatic ecosystems, with a decrease in water quality and a reduction in the diversity of organisms. Groups of species, such as aquatic insects, can indicate the biotic condition of the ecosystem through the frequency and occurrence of taxa indicators. The environmental disturbances caused by urbanization can be detrimental to the survival of some sensitive aquatic insects in Amazon rivers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the environmental condition and diversity of aquatic insects in streams in secondary forest and urban streams in the municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil. Data on insect groups, environmental variables and levels of disturbance (using the Habitat Integrity Index, HII) were collected between October and December 2023. A total of 423 individuals were collected, 69 in the streams of the secondary forest and 354 in the urban streams, distributed in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Twenty-two families were recorded in urban streams and 12 families in the secondary forest. The patterns of abundance and richness showed a decrease as the months progressed in both environments. The BergerParker dominance index in both environments showed an increase as the months went by, indicating a change between the insect communities. On the other hand, the Margalef diversity index in both environments decreased over the months. According to the levels of environmental disturbance assessed, both environments were classified as “altered” (IIH<0.70) A positive association was demonstrated between the abundance of Hydropsychidae and the variables of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Environmental variables such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and dissolved oxygen are associated with variation in the composition of aquatic insect groups. Strong relationships were recorded between the distribution of Gomphidae and phosphate concentrations. Corduliidae was related to total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Coenagrionidae and Caenidae showed positive responses to dissolved oxygen. The study showed a greater number of aquatic insect families in the area with strong anthropogenic pressure than in the secondary forest area, possibly due to a high diversity of microhabitats. In addition, urbanization factors could be negatively affecting both environments.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estratigrafia de dunas costeiras de Salinópolis/PA em associação com variações pluviométricas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-24) LEITE, Wladson da Silva; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113886150130994The present study was carried out at Salinópolis covering the Atalaia and Maçarico beaches (PA/North Brazil) to obtain a morpho-stratigraphic overview of the local coastal dunes and their evolution in Late Holocene, considering also climatic oscillations. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), auger coring, granulometric analysis and dating were used. The GPR-system SIR-2000 with a 400MHz antenna was used to reveal dune stratigraphy, including sedimentary facies and reactivation surfaces. At key-points of profiles sediment cores were obtained to proper interpretation of radargrams and sediment samples collection for grain size analysis and optical dating. At the Maçarico beach two main foredune crests were identified and dated at 69 and 80 years B.P. revealing a progradation rate of around 6 meters/year. The Atalaia beach presented a transgressive scenario, including retrogradation of the Holocene beach over older sediment layers, which include a feature interpreted as of Pleistocene age, although optical dating indicates an age of only 58 years B.P. due to actual sun light exposition. There, a parabolic dune was investigated and had revealed a migration rate of around 4 meters/year, where the reflectors indicate annual episodes of migration, possibly corresponding to the seasonal cycles of dryer periods and stronger winds. The general stratigraphy of the area seems to be a good tool for further studies on climate for the region, due to its good correlation with seasonal climatic patterns and long term register.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A pesca artesanal e o fundo constitucional do Norte: um estudo sobre o financiamento concedido aos pescadores artesanais da região bragantina(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-25) SILVA JUNIOR, Sebastião Rodrigues da; NUNES, Zélia Maria Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811447795113292The purpose of this work is to analyse social, economical and environmental impacts of the financing granted to craft fishermen from municipal district of Bragança, Pará, with resources of North Constitutional Fund — FNO. In Bragança, the fishing activity is the principal source of the municipal district economy, represented by industrial and craft fishing, however, the craft capture is more significant. Taking into consideration the economical and social importance of this category, it’s necessary to guarantee its social reproduction, through actions that allow to it to face challenges of the sea, and provide necessary ways to a condign life. The area in study is located in the north Brazilian coast, in reentrances of Pará and Maranhão, characterized by hot climate (monthly average of 26ºC) and vegetation dominated by swamp area covered with mangroves, representing about 53% of the total area in the country. The field work was developed through survey of informations with the financier agent: BASA — Amazonian Bank. Then, it was interviewed 38 of the 192 financed fishermen. A semi-structured questionnaire was used, toward to gather informations about socioeconomic profile, fishing features, fishing production, time of activity, as well as theirs opinions in relation to the financing that they had accomplished. It was observed that: i) the financed fishermen visualized the credit with help her condition but that didn't correspond to their expectations; ii) several associations of fishermen were created more by the need of obtaining of the credit than for the organization of the category; iii) they increased his production capacity with the obtaining of the motorized embarkation, however such didn't mean an increase in the medium term family income; iv) the number of embarkations increased, but it didn't cart a maintainable increase in the fishing production. It follows that this financing had their limits, which took to the failure, in relation to the objectives of FNO, as fund of local and regional development. That limits were: the elaboration of projects without effective participation of fishermen; absence of technical and continuous support; low schooling and little organization and political participation of the fishermen.