Dissertações em Biologia Ambiental (Mestrado) - PPBA/IECOS
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2607
O Mestrado em Biologia Ambiental foi criado em 1999 e implementado em 2000 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental (PPBA) do Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS) localizado no Campus Universitário de Bragança da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos urbanos: a importância de fragmentos florestais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) JORDAN BOUCHON, Yildiz Thais; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6310836748316181; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-1413-1469; QUINTEIRO, Fábio Batagini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1531054078905516Urban expansion is a reality in the Amazon biome, which has transformed aquatic ecosystems, with a decrease in water quality and a reduction in the diversity of organisms. Groups of species, such as aquatic insects, can indicate the biotic condition of the ecosystem through the frequency and occurrence of taxa indicators. The environmental disturbances caused by urbanization can be detrimental to the survival of some sensitive aquatic insects in Amazon rivers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the environmental condition and diversity of aquatic insects in streams in secondary forest and urban streams in the municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil. Data on insect groups, environmental variables and levels of disturbance (using the Habitat Integrity Index, HII) were collected between October and December 2023. A total of 423 individuals were collected, 69 in the streams of the secondary forest and 354 in the urban streams, distributed in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Twenty-two families were recorded in urban streams and 12 families in the secondary forest. The patterns of abundance and richness showed a decrease as the months progressed in both environments. The BergerParker dominance index in both environments showed an increase as the months went by, indicating a change between the insect communities. On the other hand, the Margalef diversity index in both environments decreased over the months. According to the levels of environmental disturbance assessed, both environments were classified as “altered” (IIH<0.70) A positive association was demonstrated between the abundance of Hydropsychidae and the variables of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Environmental variables such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and dissolved oxygen are associated with variation in the composition of aquatic insect groups. Strong relationships were recorded between the distribution of Gomphidae and phosphate concentrations. Corduliidae was related to total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Coenagrionidae and Caenidae showed positive responses to dissolved oxygen. The study showed a greater number of aquatic insect families in the area with strong anthropogenic pressure than in the secondary forest area, possibly due to a high diversity of microhabitats. In addition, urbanization factors could be negatively affecting both environments.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Neuroecologia de aves da família charadriidae: estudos arquitetônicos, estereológicos e filogenéticos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-29) PEREIRA, Patrick Douglas Corrêa; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; RÊGO, Péricles Sena do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2700468443907633The species Charadrius semipalmatus and Charadrius collaris are from the Plovers group (Charadriidae Family). These species are migratory and non-migratory birds, respectively. In the migratory birds, the hippocampus is important to recover memories related to the stopping places, details about the breeding and the wintering grounds. The hippocampus plays an important role the processing of spatial memory in these organisms, making them excellent models to investigate the effect of behavior in this brain region.This work aims to investigate whether the hippocampal adaptive responses to migratory behavior are related to the migration and/or evolutionary pattern between migrant and non-migrant species of Charadrius genus. The individuals of C. collaris and C. semipalmatus were collected in islands of the coast using mist nets. The birds were measured, anesthetized, identified at species level using morphological features, had samples of muscle tissue collected and were transcardially perfused. The brain was cut in the coronal plane, the sections were stained by the Nissl technique and immunolabelled for NeuN, DCX and C-fos.Cell numbers, hippocampal volume and cell volume were estimated through the Optical Fractionator, Cavalieri Estimator and Nucleator, respectively. The total DNA was extracted for subsequent sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I fragment (COI) to generate phylogenetic trees of Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, genetic distance measurements and analyzes of phylogenetic independent contrasts. The results showed that the anatomy of the hippocampal formations observed in C. semipalmatus and C. collaris corroborate that observed for birds in general.The stereological results evidenced that the migratory species had higher volume of hippocampal formation, number of mature neurons and neurogenesis, when compared to non-migratory species, however there was no difference in the volume of neurons and C-fos positive cells. Molecular results showed no correlation between the characteristics of the hippocampal formation and the evolutionary distances between migrant and non-migrant birds, indicating that the differences in the number of cells as well as the volume of hippocampal formation do not occur due to the phylogenetic distance between the species. Therefore, the existence of neuroanatomic differences in the hippocampal formation of migrant birds is evident, excluding evolutionary factors as responsible for these architectural arrangements.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Autenticação molecular de filés de pargo e protocolo forense para Lutjanídeos (Lutjanidae – Perciformes)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) VENEZA, Ivana Barbosa; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482763145819602The demand for seafood has increased remarkably, and because of this, industries have diversified the presentation of fish, offering products processed as fillets, for example. This tendency on the one hand stimulates consumption, but on the other reduces its reliability since processed fish have high replacement rates. The process removes parts of the body used to recognize the species, and then the identification is compromised, especially in a large group of fish with morphological similarities, as is the case of the red snappers of Lutjanidae family. These fish have large worldwide economic interest, and in Brazil the most popular species is the Pargo - Lutjanus purpureus. There are several other factors that favor the replacement of this species: Joint capture the other snappers, inaccurate statistical record, popular nomenclature standard out and mislabelling of product. Therefore, this study investigated whether the fillets sold in supermarkets in Bragança-PA, under the label of "Pargo", to belong to species L. purpureus. Through DNA barcode method was able to detect 22% of the sampled fillets corresponded to the species Rhomboplites aurorubens, low commercial value snapper in the region. The results point to the need to prevent such practices, and provide grant to help fight the replacements, with the competent bodies, industry and supermarkets. Despite the effectiveness of barcode DNA technique for identification, there are more practical and inexpensive methods that have been suggested for the development of authentication protocols fishery products, such as those based on multiplex PCR. In view of the numerous reports of fraud in derivative products snappers, we developed a protocol for forensic identification banding pattern, for three of the main species of red marketed in Brazil: L. purpureus, L. synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus. This protocol is an alternative to be applied both for the supervision, in the search for replacement and so on protection of consumer rights; as in routine commercial and industrial sectors, in order to control quality and ensure the authenticity of products.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Processo participativo da mulher na cadeia produtiva do mexilhão Mytella charruana (D’orbgny, 1846) na comunidade Vila Nova, Bragança-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-26) ARAUJO, Zilah Therezinha de Souza; SILVA, Iracely Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393264898435715; SIQUEIRA, Deis Elucy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8347270681208567The study of the sexual division of the Mytella Charruana productive chain from Vila –nova, Bragança-PA, was developed on Juner 2013 to February, 2014. Aiming to analyze women’s participation and appreciation in those activities. For this, we have chosen two categories for analysis: traditional community and the work’s sexual division. Presenting the productive chain of Mitilídeo Mytella charruana. With Own resources, we followed the qualitative method presenting ten families that selected because they used to organize the mollusk’s extraction activities in the same area. As an methodological instrument the snow ball technique, to identify the leaders and the formation of the sample group; the interview ,the questionnaire and the informal talk, the participative observation, and picture registers.The investigation resulted in the following of identification of men and women in the productive chain: the collection data, the extraction process and the Mytella charruana’s commercialization. Concluding that from the moment it started to be introduced and sold in market, men became responsible for the collection, and responsible for the first and final step of the mollusk extraction. And that women are responsible for the space prepping to the products’ arriving after the extraction of it, the cleaning of each product, the rescues’ collect process after selection, of the review process of extraction of each shell to extract possible content of mass, adding to daily domestic activities. Whereas women’s work, the strict hygienic treatment of Mytella charuana, is considered the big deal when dealing with regional costumers, the valorization goes to man. The investigation also showed the excessive exploration of the natural resources that need normatization and extra hand careful dealing with it, to avoid damages in the environment.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análises populacionais em Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866) da costa atlântica ocidental a partir de marcadores moleculares(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) SILVA, Raimundo Darley Figueiredo da; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3621033429800270Marine organisms with wide distribution are excellent models for the understanding of historical genetic connectivity patterns. Lutjanus purpureus, or Caribbean snapper, as the species is popularly known, is a marine Teleost belonging to the Family Lutjanidae. The species distribution is from Cuba to the Northeast of Brazil, being often found on rocky and sandy bottoms. It has high economic importance, however there are few studies available on the genetic architecture of the species. Of major goals of this study, the first deals with the development and characterization of the EPIC primers, for population approaches in L. purpureus, and others marine teleosts. The characterization of genomic regions with sufficient polymorphism to population analysis is fundamental for genetic studies with multiple unlinked regions. Were obtained eight primers, and the majority has high levels of genetic variation. EPIC primers have the advantage of being applicable on a wide taxonomic level, thereby these primers were tested and amplified in other taxonomic groups of organisms, so that an indication can be useful in various approaches to intraspecific groups of marine fish. The second main objective was to evaluate issues of genetic diversity, demographics and historical genetic connectivity for L. purpureus using multiple loci (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA). It was found high levels of genetic diversity, probably related to a high effective size presented by species. The Caribbean snapper apparently shows high levels of genetic homogeneity along of the study area, which is consistent with biological traits of species such as spawning in offshore and larval pelagic development. In relation to aspects of historical demography, a population growth scenario is presented, whose beginning is dated about 170,000 years, this period being congruent with a period of glacial maximum to the region of the western Atlantic.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Resíduos sólidos e os impactos socioambientais no rio Cereja: subsídios para a gestão sustentável em Bragança-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-30) SILVA FILHO, Claudio Padilha da; SILVA, Iracely Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393264898435715; NUNES, Zélia Maria Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811447795113292The generation of municipal solid waste and its disposal is a worldwide problem. The growth of urban centers, the population explosion and environmental conflicts of humanity have been primarily responsible for human pressure on water resources in most cities. This study aims to evaluate the distribution and gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) deposited on the river Cherry in the city of Bragança-PA. They were spread over 3.5 kilometers of urban stretch of the river 5 different points for collection of MSW during the rainy and dry season. The analysis of gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste was conducted a questionnaire on environmental awareness to people living around the river and the metrics of environmental integrity indicator (IIA) at the point of collection. The gravimetric composition of MSW in the rainy season was composed of rubber (37%), metal (23%), glass (13%) and paper / cardboard (9%). In the dry season, the highlights were polymerized / hard plastic (35%), metal (28%), polystyrene (19%). The IIA River Cherry presented classification of medium to low in relation to the diversity of habitats. Environmental characterization, the collection point showed better condition was point 1 (P1) and the collection point worse condition was P4. Gravimetric analysis of MSW disposed along the river showed a significant percentage of insusceptible material recycling. Note the need for environmental education program to promote actions that reduce and separate the MSW at the source, encouraging recycling, collection, processing and proper disposal.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Condições oceanográficas, ocupação territorial e problemas ambientais na praia do Atalaia (nordeste do Pará, Brasil)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-28) PINTO, Ketellyn Suellen Teixeira; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218The conservation and management of the coastal zone of the Amazon region demands special attention, given the richness of its natural resources. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of natural events and human activities on Atalaia beach, situated in the NE of the Brazilian state of Pará and to develop guidelines for the implementation of coastal management programs. Data were collected between November, 2008, and November, 2010. Four sets of variables were assessed: (i) physical variables (climatology, hydrodynamics and morfodinâmica), (ii) hydrological variables (water temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and inorganics nutrients, chlorophyll a and thermotolerant coliform levels), (iii) urban development and (iv) spatial distribution of services and infrastructure. The results indicate that climate and hydrodynamical conditions were the main factors responsible for fluctuations in water salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic dissolved nutrients, and chlorophyll a concentrations. The discharge of untreated domestic sewage was responsible for bacteriological contamination, although the rapid turnover of the high-energy hydrodynamic environment limited contamination by thermotolerant coliforms. This high hydrodynamic energy, primarily during the equinoctial spring tides, and the lack of urban planning, nevertheless generates other problems, such as coastal erosion. The study area is characterized by high rainfall rates (> 1900 mm during the rainy season), NE winds with mean speeds of up to 4.36 m/s in the dry season and 3.06 m/s in rainy season, macrotidal conditions (tidal range > 4.0 m), moderate tidal current speeds (up to 0.5 m/s), and significant wave heights up to 1.5 m. In March and June (rainiest months), ebb tide currents reached a maximal of 0.4 m/s. Tidal cycle was weakly asymmetric with the ebb tide lasting up to 6 hours 40 minutes. Wave energy was slightly modulated by the low tide due to wave attenuation on sand banks. Water temperature was relatively homogeneous (27.4ºC to 29.3ºC). Salinity varied from 5.7 (June) to 37.4 (November). The water was well oxygenated (up to 9.17 mg/L), turbid (up to 118 nephelometric turbidity units), alkaline (up to 8.68), and eutrophic (maximum of 2.36 μmol/L for nitrite, 24.34 μmol/L for nitrate, 0.6 μmol/L for phosphate, and 329.7 μmol/L for silicate), and it presented high concentrations of chlorophyll a (up to 82 mg/m³). The natural conditions observed in the present study indicate the need for a review of the hydrologic criteria used for the evaluation of beaches by national and international agencies and their adaptation to the reality of the Amazon Coast. The lack of a public sanitation system has led to bacteriologic contamination and the loss of water quality. With respect to morphodynamic state, dissipative conditions were found during high and moderate hydrodynamic energy (equinoctial and nonequinoctial condition), but in November the highest wave heights generated barred dissipative characteristic, whereas during the other months non-barred characteristics dominated. Thus, this study shows that the model proposed by Masselink & Short (1993) seems to be ideal to be applied to beaches with similar characteristics to the studied beach, where wave energy is modulated by the presence of sand banks in some stages of the tide.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise do crescimento e perfil bioacumulativo da cianobactéria Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01 na presença de arsenato de sódio(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) GOMES, Laise de Azevedo; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that has become a public health problem worldwide. In order to reduce the environmental contamination by this metalloid, which is derived from natural and anthropogenic activities, the use of micro-organisms in bioremediation process has shown to be a promising strategy. A filamentous homocitada cyanobacterium belonging to the order Pseudanabaenales, Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01, was isolated from an environment contaminated by arsenic, suggesting an ability to deal with the toxic effect of this metalloid. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the resistance to sodium arsenate and quantify the total arsenic extracellular cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01. Analyses of sodium arsenate resistance showed that the cyanobacterium was able to grow in 50 mM for 20 days. Furthermore, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 accumulated sodium arsenate for 10 days, reducing up to 67% arsenic extracellular. From the data obtained in this study, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 was able to withstand high concentrations of sodium arsenate, although other analysis, the characterization of the metabolic pathways involved in the resistance must be taken to consider their use in environments impacted by arsenic.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Resistência e bioacumulação de arsênio na cianobactéria Phormidium sp(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) FERREIRA, Anna Rafaella dos Santos; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155Environmental contamination by arsenic has been increasing in recent years, either through natural or anthropogenic sources, which can cause greater exposure of humans to this toxic compound. Several studies have been developed to analyze the capacity of cyanobacterial species in bioremediation. The filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. excels due to well developed mechanisms to adapt to different environmental conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the resistance profile of Phormidium sp. at different concentrations of sodium arsenate. The cyanobacterium was inoculated in tubes containing 4 ml of BG-11 liquid medium and different concentrations of arsenate (5, 10, 30, 50, 100, 130, 150, 200 and 250 mM) without the presence of metalloid (control) and cultured for 20 days at 25 ° C without agitation and with a photoperiod of 12/12 h light / dark. The toxicity of arsenate to Phormidium sp. has been characterized by growth inhibition being determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a. All conditions were performed in triplicate. The determination of total arsenic in the samples was obtained using the technique of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the Instituto Evandro Chagas. The resistance of Phormidium sp. to arsenate was observed up to 50 mM of compound (p>0.05). Growth inhibition was observed above 100mM of arsenate (p<0.05). The analyzes of the total dose of arsenic in the culture medium showed that during the first day of experiment, the concentration of arsenic in the culture medium was lowered, followed by a gradual increase in the concentration of this metalloid. Probably, this cyanobacteria can accumulate arsenic and later excrete this metalloid to the extracellular medium. The results indicate the ability of the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. has to grow in medium containing high concentrations of arsenic. However, other analyzes become fundamental for elucidating the metabolic pathways involved in the process of resistance to this metalloid.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Capacidade de carga recreacional, percepção dos usuários e qualidade da água em três praias turísticas da Costa amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) SOUSA, Rosigleyse Corrêa de; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da ocorrência de peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais na costa leste da Ilha de Marajó, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-01) SOUSA, Maura Elisabeth Moraes de; FERNANDES, Marcus Emanuel Barroncas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8943067124521530Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Hematologia como ferramenta no monitoramento do "status" da cadeia produtiva de oito espécies de Acaris ornamentais (Loricariidae) do médio Rio Guamá, estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-28) NEVES, Mikaelle de Souza; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660The present study monitored the health of eight species of ornamental plecos (acaris) captured and marketed in the Guamá River Middle - Pará, through the establishment of the hematological baseline value, evaluation of transport stress and infestation by Trypanosoma spp. The ornamental plecos were: ancistrus (Ancistrus sp. - L338), loricaia (Rineloricaia lanceolata - L10), picoto (Hypostomus sp. - L28), bola (Peckoltia oligospila - L06) pleco (CochiIodon sp. - L145), canoa (Lasiancistrus saetiger - L323), assacu (Pseudacanthicus spinosus - L160) and pinima (Leporacanthicus galaxias - L07).The blood collections for determination of hematological baseline (Chapters I and II) were realized at the site of capture fish, under the least stress as possible. Blood samples uninfected were separated to enable comparisons with the others after the transport stress (Chapters III and IV) and also with fish infected by Trypanosoma spp. (Chapter V). The transport stress lasted 3h, in density 1,5 fish/L, simulating the marketing process the fish in the region and was avalued et 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96h after stress. In Chapter I and II, the hematological baseline showed significant difference (p> 0.05) among the seven species of plecos although they belong to the same family and share similar ecological niches. The transport stress for 3h (Chapters III and IV) not compromise the health of plecos, since most of the hematological parameters returned to baseline within 24h for the bola, 48h for the pleco and 72h for the picoto, being respectively, the minimum time indicated by the results of these fish to maintained before a new trade. The all eight plecos species studied were infected by Trypanosoma spp. (Chapter V). Normocytic-hypochromic anemia was observed in ancistrus and canoa, and hypochromic-macrocytic anemia in loricaia. In infected pinima showed under stress with lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and monocytosis. Therefore, the results of this test provided an assessment of the healthiness of these species of ornamental plecos through the haematological examinations, thereby subsidize the development or adequacy of management less stressful for these plecos in order to assist the sustainability of ornamental plecos extractive chain.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Descrição larval de caranguejos brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) da região Amazônica, obtido em laboratório(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-11) SOUZA, Adelson Silva de; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9557937645632227Larvae of the mud crab P. lacustris were reared in laboratory from ovigerous females collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region. The complete development of this species consisted of 4 zoeal and 1 megalopal stages, where each stage was described and illustrated in detail. The results were compared with those of other previous studies on larval development of the species belonging to the genus Panopeus and then briefly discussed. Besides the description of the complete development larval of P. lacustris, has been described and illustrated the first stage zoea of thirteen species of brachyuran crabs collected in the same estuary: P. lacustris Desbonne, 1867, P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, Sesarma rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802), Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) e Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Only the zoea I of P. lacustris was not described again. The morphological characteristics of these species are compared with the original descriptions. To make easy the study of plankton-collected material, it was developed a key to identification of the species described in this study.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Biologia reprodutiva de Sabellaria wilsoni (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) na ilha de Algodoal-Maiandeua (Pará)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-01) PINTO, Álvaro José de Almeida; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898The Polychaeta Sabellaria wilsoni occurs from the Gulf of Mexico to Argentina, building sandy reefs from the intertidal zone to 25 m depth. These reefs play an important role in structuring and functioning of sandy beach ecosystems in the Amazon Coast. This work studied the reproductive biology of S. wilsoni in Algodoal Island (PA, Brazil), describing sex ratio, gametogenic process and breeding period. Sampling occurred monthly between May 2008 and April 2009. In the laboratory 100 individuals were randomly chosen and measured (total length – from the operculum to the beginning of the anal funnel); and from these, 20 specimens were prepared for histological studies. Slides were observed under optical microscope to describe reproductive structures, and to determine sex and maturation stage (based on a four grade scale). The size of organisms ranged from 4.5 ± 1.89 mm to 11.5 ± 2.83 mm, with females larger and more numerous than males (sex ratio 0.6:1 - M:F). Female gametes develop on projection of blood vessels and are subsequently released into the coelom. In males spermatogenesis is associated with intersegmental septa wall, and sperm is released into the coelom. Gametes are released to the environment through nephridia and fertilization is external. Reproduction occurs all year round with peaks on September-November and March-April. The main cues to reproduction are an increase in hydrodynamics on August, as an adaptation of the Polychaeta to the future reef destruction, which occurs between October and November; and an increase of space available for colonization, after the reef destruction.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estratigrafia de dunas costeiras de Salinópolis/PA em associação com variações pluviométricas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-24) LEITE, Wladson da Silva; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113886150130994The present study was carried out at Salinópolis covering the Atalaia and Maçarico beaches (PA/North Brazil) to obtain a morpho-stratigraphic overview of the local coastal dunes and their evolution in Late Holocene, considering also climatic oscillations. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), auger coring, granulometric analysis and dating were used. The GPR-system SIR-2000 with a 400MHz antenna was used to reveal dune stratigraphy, including sedimentary facies and reactivation surfaces. At key-points of profiles sediment cores were obtained to proper interpretation of radargrams and sediment samples collection for grain size analysis and optical dating. At the Maçarico beach two main foredune crests were identified and dated at 69 and 80 years B.P. revealing a progradation rate of around 6 meters/year. The Atalaia beach presented a transgressive scenario, including retrogradation of the Holocene beach over older sediment layers, which include a feature interpreted as of Pleistocene age, although optical dating indicates an age of only 58 years B.P. due to actual sun light exposition. There, a parabolic dune was investigated and had revealed a migration rate of around 4 meters/year, where the reflectors indicate annual episodes of migration, possibly corresponding to the seasonal cycles of dryer periods and stronger winds. The general stratigraphy of the area seems to be a good tool for further studies on climate for the region, due to its good correlation with seasonal climatic patterns and long term register.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A pesca artesanal e o fundo constitucional do Norte: um estudo sobre o financiamento concedido aos pescadores artesanais da região bragantina(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-25) SILVA JUNIOR, Sebastião Rodrigues da; NUNES, Zélia Maria Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811447795113292The purpose of this work is to analyse social, economical and environmental impacts of the financing granted to craft fishermen from municipal district of Bragança, Pará, with resources of North Constitutional Fund — FNO. In Bragança, the fishing activity is the principal source of the municipal district economy, represented by industrial and craft fishing, however, the craft capture is more significant. Taking into consideration the economical and social importance of this category, it’s necessary to guarantee its social reproduction, through actions that allow to it to face challenges of the sea, and provide necessary ways to a condign life. The area in study is located in the north Brazilian coast, in reentrances of Pará and Maranhão, characterized by hot climate (monthly average of 26ºC) and vegetation dominated by swamp area covered with mangroves, representing about 53% of the total area in the country. The field work was developed through survey of informations with the financier agent: BASA — Amazonian Bank. Then, it was interviewed 38 of the 192 financed fishermen. A semi-structured questionnaire was used, toward to gather informations about socioeconomic profile, fishing features, fishing production, time of activity, as well as theirs opinions in relation to the financing that they had accomplished. It was observed that: i) the financed fishermen visualized the credit with help her condition but that didn't correspond to their expectations; ii) several associations of fishermen were created more by the need of obtaining of the credit than for the organization of the category; iii) they increased his production capacity with the obtaining of the motorized embarkation, however such didn't mean an increase in the medium term family income; iv) the number of embarkations increased, but it didn't cart a maintainable increase in the fishing production. It follows that this financing had their limits, which took to the failure, in relation to the objectives of FNO, as fund of local and regional development. That limits were: the elaboration of projects without effective participation of fishermen; absence of technical and continuous support; low schooling and little organization and political participation of the fishermen.