Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos da ecologia do Cuxiú de Uta Hick, Chiropotes Utahickae (Hershkovitz, 1985), com ênfase na exploração alimentar de espécies arbóreas da ilha de germoplasma, Tucuruí-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) VIEIRA, Tatiana Martins; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
In 1985, construction of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station flooded 2400 km² of forest, creating hundreds of different sizes, fragmenting the populations of many organisms, including bearded sakis (Chiropoies spp.). The present study took place on the 129-ha Germoplasma island, which is home to a group of Chiropotes utahickae, which currently contains 23 members, studied previously by Santos (2002). The present study aimed primarily to describe certain aspect of the ecology of Uta Hick's bearded saki and to characterize the dietary exploitation of tree species. Data collection was based on monthly samples of eight days, with basic behavioural data being collected in one-minute scan samples at five-minute intervals, supplemented alternately by focal-tree and focal-fruit sampling. The principal behavioural categories were feed, travel, forage, rest and social interaction (containing several subcategories). A total of 11,277 scan sample records were collected, together with 259 focal tree samples, and 711 focal fruit samples, between March and August 2004. Overall, 50.6% of activity time was devoted to locomotion, 31.9% to feeding, 10.6% to rest, 5.4% to foraging activities, and 1.2% to social interactions. The diet consisted primarily of immature seeds (31.7%), immature mesocarp (21.2%), ripe fruit (18.3%), and flowers (14.4%). Comparisons with the results of Santos (2002) indicate a number of seasonal or longitudinal differences. The sakis exploited fruit of 0.4 to 15.3 cm in length, with seeds of between 0.1 cm and 2.3 cm. The sakis were considered to be seed predators for 74.2% of the 31 species analysed, although no significant relationship was found between predation and seed size. Also, no systematic relationship was found between the distance seeds were transported and their size, suggesting the influence of other factors, such as crown dimensions and feeding party size. Twenty years after isolation, the Germoplasma sakis appear to present typical Chiropotes behaviour patterns. Tolerance of habitat fragmentation appears to be supported by the exploitation of specific resources, such as the immature mesocarp of Inga spp. during a period of resource scarcity, and the consumption of Brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa) flowers. Flowers appear to be an especially important resource for the sakis of the Tucuruí reservoir (Santos, 2002; Silva, 2003). The present study constitutes an important contribution to the understanding of the species' s ecology, although it is clear that the Tucurui populations require further monitoring in order to provide more detailed information on diet, social organization, and animal-plant interactions, necessary for the development of sound conservation and management strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de um grupo de macacos-aranha-da-cara-branca, Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809), no sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SOARES, Paola Cardias; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The distribution of precipitation over the months, influences on annual distribution of food resources and how these resources can be found in an environment causes primates to adopt different strategies in order to gain access to them. In our study, we evaluated the variations in behavior and diet of the white whiskered spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) at the Cristalino Private Reserve. The primates were followed and behavioral and diet data was systematically collected over nine months, between September 2011 until May 2012, through the scan sampling method. The variation concerning activity budget, use of space and diet was analyzed for three periods characterized by distinct rainfall amounts (early rains, rainfall peak and transition from rain to drought). At the peak of the rains, the primates apparently maximized its energy consumption, moving more (43.8%) so as to have more access to fruits, which were probably more available in the environment, eating more fruits (96.5%) and resting less (18.5%). Upper height classes (>20 to 30 meters) were most widely used during periods of rain, both at the beginning and in the peak, at least in part as a way to shelter from the rain and the ranging area and daily journey lengths were higher at the early rains period. There was a predominance of females in the subgroups, with males being more recorded (36.2%) at the beginning of the rainy season, probably to copulate, an activity that had most of their records occurring in one month (December) for that same period. Largest subgroups were recorded during periods of increased precipitation, and smaller sub-groups in drier times seem to be part of the strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. The diet was mostly frugivorous, being distinguished in the transition from rain to drought, not only by the lower contribution of ripe fruits (54.3%) as well as the contribution of young leaves (35.8%), when compared to the other two periods, when ripe fruits composed more than 70% of the diet. Diet diversity of ripe fruit was concentrated in a small number of key species of fruit trees and the fruits used to be swallowed whole, with the disposal of seed being unusual and occurring only for few species. Seeds ingested passed intact by the digestive tract of spider monkeys and caterpillars’ consumption was limited to a short period of time, constituting an alternative source of protein. Alternative items like decaying wood and earth from termite nests in months of low rainfall seem to complement the diet at the same time that also supply the primates’ diet with nutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorous, which are less present in ripe fruits, and the consumption of Eichhornia sp., although little recorded, suggests that these aquatic plants are important nutritional content in the diet of these primates. High frugivory of spider monkeys and their ability to disperse intact seeds away from the parent plants, reinforce its importance in the regeneration of forests and justify their conservation and their habitats. Information regarding the behavioral ecology and diet of these primates, though basic, are pioneering and essential to understand the adaptive strategies of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação de tartarugas marinhas na costa maranhense, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03) RIBEIRO, Luis Eduardo de Sousa; BARRETO, Larissa Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1295307492454506; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3396-4821; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
Sea turtles have a long history of human exploitation around the world, which has contributed to the species population decline, along with other threats, mainly by accidental capture during fishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. Currently, interaction with fishing is the largest cause of mortality among sea turtles, followed by ingestion of inorganic material (garbage). The waste accumulation in the oceans, mainly plastic, has attracted considerable attention in recent decades since pollution is a major threat to marine life. In this study, we mapped the occurrence and nesting areas of each sea turtles in the coastal zone of Maranhão; analyzed the frequency of strandings all over the years; and evaluated the impacts on sea turtle populations in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, as well as diet composition and ingestion of solid waste. This research includes records of strandings of live or dead animals between 2005 and 2020, coming from the database of the Projeto QUEAMAR – Quelônios Aquáticos do Maranhão - UFMA - Federal University of Maranhão, and bi-monthly campaigns to Lençóis Maranhenses National Park. We observed five species of sea turtles along the entire Coast of Maranhão and reproductive records for two of them. From the impacts observed, anthropic interaction was the most observed factor (n=35), with drowning and amputation being the principal consequences of intermeshing (n=12). Intestinal obstruction caused by ingestion of inorganic material was also frequently observed (n=13). During this research, two Marine Seismic Surveys 3D were conducted to prospect for oil and gas, which coincided with a significant increase in the frequency of strandings in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, possibly caused by noise pollution through noise swells generated by air cannons. Although the Maranhão coast is covered by legally protected areas, such as the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park and the Cururupu Extractive Reserve, long-term studies with species of international migratory cycle, such as sea turtles, which occupy an important position in the conservation scenario, allows detecting trends and temporal changes, as well as evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic activities in coastal areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversificação morfológica e molecular em lagartos Dactyloidae sul-americanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) D’ANGIOLELLA, Annelise Batista; CARNAVAL, Ana Carolina de Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1268469210243345; PIRES, Tereza Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia alimentar de Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840) (Primates, Cebidae) em florestas de várzea da Amazônia central brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-12) ARAUJO, Michele; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogeografia do lagarto Kentropyx calcarata Spix 1825 (Reptilia:Teiidae) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) CRONEMBERGER, Aurea Aguiar; WERNECK, Fernanda de Pinho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0507204139787803; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto dos fatores antropogênicos e ambientais na dinâmica do microbioma e nas interações hospedeiro-patógeno em anfíbios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04) MOSER, Camila Fernanda; BECKER, Guilherme; PELOSO, Pedro Luiz Vieira Del; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963420424755544; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-8293
Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrates, with 41% of species at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, invasive species, and emerging diseases. A key factor influencing their health is the skin microbiota, a community of symbiotic microorganisms that contribute to immunity and disease resistance. However, this microbiome is highly sensitive to environmental disturbances, which can alter its composition and reduce its protective functions. One of the major threats to amphibians is chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen that disrupts skin integrity and weakens host defenses, leading to high mortality rates. This infection interacts with environmental stressors, including pollution and habitat degradation, increasing amphibian vulnerability. This thesis explores the composition and ecological drivers of amphibian skin microbiota, its interactions with Bd, and the effects of environmental disturbances. The results show that microbiome diversity varies across species, seasons, and environmental conditions. A case study on Bd dynamics across different species and environmental conditions demonstrated that infection prevalence and load were lower in warmer temperatures and in species with non-aquatic habits, suggesting that abiotic factors and host ecology significantly influence Bd susceptibility. Furthermore, seasonal variations in microbiota composition were observed, with microbial diversity generally decreasing in colder months. These seasonal shifts could be linked to changes in amphibian behavior and immune function, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring of microbiota-host-pathogen interactions. In conclusion, this thesis provides novel insights into the complex interactions between amphibian microbiota, environmental changes, and disease dynamics. Understanding how anthropogenic disturbances and seasonal variations shape microbiome diversity is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. Future research should focus on longterm monitoring of amphibian microbiomes, explore the role of larval-stage microbiota in pathogen resistance, and investigate microbiome-based interventions to support amphibian populations facing increasing environmental threats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Integrando conhecimentos locais e armadilhas fotográficas para avaliar a detecção e as características ecológicas que afetam a presença e a abundância de vertebrados médios e grandes no Vale do Xingu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) VULCÃO, Otávio Augusto Pereira Leão; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Elildo Alves Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7456274393700395; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4356-2954; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The choice of appropriate methods to observe population changes of species of interest in environmental monitoring is crucial to ensure the sustainability of long-term programs. This is a challenge in assessing medium and large vertebrates due to their ecological importance and relatively high costs for evaluation. In tropical regions, the methods commonly used are transect censuses or camera traps. However, both methods have limitations and can incur high costs and difficult maintenance, especially in megadiverse tropical countries. Including methods based on local ecological knowledge (LEK) can contribute to the sustainability of monitoring programs. We assessed the congruence between detection rates obtained from camera traps and sightings and traces detected through LEK in two protected areas of Eastern Amazonia, comparing detection probabilities and testing the influence of three ecological traits. We observed that, despite an overall positive relationship, the rates obtained by both methods show high variability. For 11 out of 20 species, the probability of detection was greater using the method that identified traces through LEK from local monitors. Among the selected traits, body mass, sociability, and trophic niche, only the last characteristic was significant within our models, indicating a detection capability primarily based on the behavioral patterns of the species. Our results demonstrate the significant ability of local monitors to detect the presence of species of interest, as well as the applicability of LEK in faunal monitoring. We recommend collaborative research strategies and the inclusion of the knowledge and experience of local populations in monitoring and conservation programs in the Amazon and other tropical systems, which are the regions richest in both biological diversity and sociocultural richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática e diversificação dos gêneros Hylopezus e Myrmothera (Aves:Grallariidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) CARNEIRO, Lincoln Silva; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática molecular, biogeografia e taxonomia do gênero Megascops kaup, 1848 (Aves, Strigidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-28) DANTAS, Sidnei de Melo; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação na detectabilidade e padrões de ocupação de anuros na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-04) BENÍCIO, Ronildo Alves; PIRES, Teresa Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Difficulty in finding strong distribution patterns in studies with frogs is frequent. However, we do not know how much of the difficulty in detecting patterns are related to the low influence of environmental variation in the distribution of the animals or to the sampling process itself. To minimize this problem, the sampling was based on the proposal form in occupation of studies, including repeated survey to each of the sampling occasions. This sample design allows to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the distribution patterns of frogs taking into account the influence of the detectability of species on these patterns. Our hypothesis is that there is variation in the probability of detection among frogs species, and at different times for the same species, and that this variation may be important in models of occupancy of these species. We tested eight models for the 10 most abundant species and assess their fit to the data using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the weight of the Akaike (AICwgt). For all species, among the models that best fit the data its is included one that is likely to occupation influenced by the distance of the stream (variable “Dist”) and whose probability of detection varies between surveys (variable "Survey"). Of the 10 species analyzed eight included the variable "Survey" between the three models of best fit. In addition, the probability of detection also varied among species, indicating that it is important that these variations in detection are considered when interpreting the occupancy patterns of species. This is the first work in Brazil, which analyzes the frogs distribution patterns taking into account the probability of detection of the species.

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