Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 70

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abelhas das orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini) e as plantações de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) na Amazônia Oriental: mudanças na composição de espécies, tamanho corporal e diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-02) BRITO, Thaline de Freitas; MAUÉS, Márcia Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0976385386657517; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925
In this study, we evaluated the role of legal reserves (LR) and areas of permanent protection (APP) in the maintenance of orchid bee species, and we tested the influence of abiotic and habitat parameters on taxonomic and functional diversity of this group. In addition, we investigated the occurrence of phenotypic variations (body and wing size, and fluctuating asymmetry) in response to environmental stress caused by oil palm plantations. Orchid bee males were sampled in nine areas (3 RL, 3 APP, and 3 oil palm plantations) in the municipality of Tailândia, southeast of the state of Pará. In each area, we installed six separate sampling stations, 500 m apart, each one with six scent traps; totaling 36 traps per area, and 108 per habitat type. We compared differences in observed abundance and richness using a One-Way ANOVA, we evaluated species composition patterns with a PCoA, and we also used a species indicator analysis. A partial RDA was applied to evaluate the influence of habitat attributes, space and habitat type on taxonomic and functional parameters of bees. In addition, we compared body and wing size variations of the individuals through the types of habitat. Our results indicate that oil palm areas are characterized by the presence of few individuals and species, low functional diversity, and by larger bees. Despite this, we recorded four species associated to LR, which can be useful indicators of orchid bee’s communities in the Amazon rainforest. The habitat structure was not a good predictor of both functional and taxonomic composition, and no levels of fluctuating asymmetry were detected, but bees from oil palm showed larger wings compared to forest areas. Our research highlights that APPs play an important role in maintaining both taxonomic and functional composition of orchid bees, which could reinforce the fact that bees use these areas as displacement corridors in a matrix formed by oil palm plantation. Thus, both LRs and PPAs areas fulfill their purpose of protecting the biodiversity of orchid bees.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem funcional das savanas amazônicas: atributos de anuros em um mosaico de paisagens naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) PASCHOALINO, Rosana Campos; PINHEIRO, Leandra de Paula Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1114107627897774; SANTOS-COSTA, Maria Cristina dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The structure of natural assemblages may result from selection of species and functional traits, according to their tolerance to certain environmental factors, which are related, for example, to vegetation type and water availability, may influencing functional diversity in ecosystems. We investigated the influence of different phytophysiognomies of Amazonian savannas on functional diversity of anurans, in the Carajás National Forest, Brazil. We also investigated a possible divergence of functional traits among the phytophysiognomies due to environmental differences using a null model. Three field expeditions were conducted in 2008 and 2010, during rainy season, dry season and the transition period between rainy and dry seasons. We sampled 32 sample units distributed in three sites: North highland, South highland and Tarzan highland. Each sample unit was distant at least 200 m from each other. Surveys for the presence of anurans were based in active visual and acoustic searches. We calculated functional diversity using the MPD index, considering the occurrence of anurans in each assemblage. Functional diversity of anurans did not differ among the vegetation types. According to null model, there was a functional convergence, that is, the sites are similar in species and functional traits. Our results suggest that despite the mosaic distribution and environmental differences, the landscapes are surrounded by Amazonian savanna matrix, which, due to some factors (historic, spatial, and environmental), did not differ in the functions performed by anurans in each phytophysiognomy. In any case, we found that anurans play important roles in local ecosystem functions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e descrição de um novo gênero de Edessinae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera e Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-06) NUNES, Benedito Mendes; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos da plantação de palmas (Elaeis guineensis) na conservação de anuros na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-30) CORREA, Fabricio Simões; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
In this thesis, we analyzed the effects of oil palm cultivation (Elaeis guineensis) on taxonomic and functional diversity of anurans in the eastern Amazon. In addition, we analyzed the response of anurans to environmental variation in oil palm plantations and surrounding forests. We surveyed for the presence of anurans in April 2012, 2015 and 2016, in 2100 m² plots through visual and acoustic searches. In April 2016, we also measured microclimatic (air temperature and humidity) and habitat structural variables (water body width and depth, leaf litter depth, canopy openness and number of trees) in both habitat types. We found higher functional diversity and species richness in forests, with difference in species composition and functional characters distribution between forests and oil palm plantations. Water body depth and width positively affected species richness and number of individuals, while water body depth and diurnal temperature influenced species composition in oil palm plantations. Only number of individuals was positively affected by diurnal temperature and nocturnal humidity in forests, while species composition and richness were not affected by any environmental variable in this habitat type. Our results make clear that conversion of forests to oil palm plantations negatively affects anurans taxonomic and functional diversity, making urgent the maintenance of forests surrounding the plantations as a way to reduce the negative impacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos de monocultura de palma de dendê na estrutura do habitat e na diversidade de peixes de riachos amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-30) RUFFEIL, Tiago Octavio Begot; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
In the Amazon, oil palm plantation has been growing exponentially in recent years, altering the landscape natural characteristics and being a possible threat to biodiversity. This environmental impact extends to aquatic ecosystems, which because they are highly related to the adjacent vegetation, also suffer the impacts resulting from this agricultural action, such as habitat structure alterations, affecting the species distribution and ecosystem processes. Thus, studies to test the impact of this monoculture in the Amazon are important to support more efficient strategies for reducing impacts and maintaining biodiversity. Therefore, this thesis aims to answer the following questions: I) How the presence of oil palm cultivation around the streams affect their habitat structure and fish assemblage structure in relation to streams that drain through forested areas present along of this anthropogenic landscape? II) What are the effects of the substitution on landscape of primary forest on the oil palm in the habitat physical structure and on the taxonomic diversity of neotropical stream fish? III) How do the patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of Amazon stream fish assemblages responds to the habitat and landscape changes caused by oil palm plantation? To answer these questions, we sampled and analyzed 39 streams in the Eastern Amazon. For the habitat characterization, an extensive protocol of the evaluation was applied, resulting in 238 habitat variables, besides that, was used landscape characteristics based on the percentage of land uses adjacent to the streams. For fish collection was used hand net for six hours in each stream. Morphological measures and ecological information of fish species were taken for later calculation of the functional attributes related to the third chapter. The results showed that oil palm plantation affect the stream habitat structure, modifying mainly the channel morphology, the substrate structure and shelter availability, such as woods and roots, for fish assemblage. Consequently, the fish species distribution was affected, resulting in changes in the assemblage structure. On the other hand, no changes were registered in the functional structure of these assemblies. Finally, we showed that the oil palm plantation modifies the stream habitat natural characteristics, as well as the distribution of the species, however the functional structure of the fish assemblages is maintained.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e hábito alimentar de Dendrophryniscus minutus (Melin, 1941)(Amphibia : Bufonidae) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06) TRAVASSOS, Alessandra Elisa Melo; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study examined reproductive characteristics, nutritional status and feeding habits in the litter anuran Dendrophryniscus minutus through individuals collected in the Estação Cientifica Ferreira Pena, Caxiuanã National Forest from April 1997 to April 1998. In a sample of 166 specimens were measured snout - vent length (SVL), mass of fat bodies, diameter, mass and number of ova in females and testis volume in males. The feeding habit in this species was also determined through analyses of stomach contents. Population structure showed a pattern with most adult individuals, including gravid females, in the rainy months, and juvenile recruitment in the beginning of the dry season. Similarly, the diameter and mass ova in the mar', used as indexes of gonadal development stage, were greater in the rainy season. Among males, the biggest testis volume also appeared in february and april, but there was no evident pattern of correlation to rainfall. Food consumption also did not show any pattern in variation along months and it was not correlated to fat mass. Fat bodies measurements were positively correlated to ova development in females indicating that fat accumulation and gonadal development may occur simultaneously. The diet in specie was composed for ants, termites and mites, terrestrial invertebrates in a great number in a litter in the studied area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da comunidade de quirópteros (Mammalia) em áreas naturais e manejadas da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, PA - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-12-01) SALDANHA, Nélio; MARQUES-AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Bats represent 25% of the mammal World fauna, being the most diversified and abundant mammals in the Neotropical region. About 128 species of bats have been recorded only in the Brazilian Amazonia. They possess a great morphological variability that allows them to occupy different trophic niches in an ecosystem. Bats play an important role on the maintenance and regeneration of the ecosystems they live, being efficient in seed dispersal, pollination, and biological contral of insects. They also constitute good bioindicators for the status and dynamics suffered by those ecosystems. The present study aims to characterize the batfauna of primary forest, secondary forest, and a selective logging experiment areas at the Tapajós National Forest - PA, Brazil. The levels of impact by the logging and by the secondary forest areas on the bat community were then compared to the primary forest controls in each habitat and in its microhabitats; or physiognomies: understory matrix, natural gaps, logging gaps, and wood storage decks. Comparisions were conducted trough analysis of distribution, diversity, relative abundance, number of species, and guild densities. The samples constitute 55 species, most of them frugivorous, and pertaining to six families. Concerning to the number of bat species and their diversity, the logging area exhibits some impact, but not so accentuated as the secondary forest area. Comparison among habitats suggests that the secondary vegetation provides a higher bat density. However, this vegetation structure benefits only a few species. Frugivores/omnivores and aerial insectivores bats are the most succeed guilds in secondary vegetation. Comparison among physiognomies have suggested that the understory bats avoid opened spaces in the vegetation. Succession stages observed hem show dynamics that need a periodic monitoring, so that a more realistic model could be designed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e diversidade de serpentes em um mosaico de habitats no município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-15) LIMA, Jucivaldo Dias; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study presents results of a year of field observations on the snake fauna sampled in a habitat mosaic ecompassing flooded and non-flooded forest types, eucalyptus plantations and open vegetation areas, at Urbano Santos, Maranhão State of Brasil. The area is covered by Savanna vegetation and the climate is tropical megathermical, with annual rainfail around 1800mm. The yaer of study (2001) was drier than average rainfall (1197.5mm). Sample were made from January to December 2001, during 24 field trips, lasting for days each 15 day period. Sampling effort was 768h/oberver including diurnal and nocturnal visual search. Each habitat was sampled by randorn linear transect chosen by chance. During the study, 114 snakes belonging to six families, 27 genera and 32 species were captured. For each species data smout-vet length, ativity period, juvenile presence, spatial distribution and microhabitat are presented. Among the 32 species registred, six were new record for Maranhão State (Apostolepis cearensis, Helicops leopardinus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Psomophis joberti, Waglerophis merremíí e Micrurus ibiboboca). Among the species registered, 40.1% were arboreal, 25.0% were subterraneous, 21.9 % terrestrial and 12.5% aquatic, even though some species occupied more than one microhabitat. Most species occurred in flooded and non-flooded forests, and open vegetation areas. In general, similarity between habitats was low; only the non-flooded forest, and open vegetations areas shared more than 60% of species. Estimates of species richness according to various estimators, indicated that the number of species observed was lower than expected, varying between 38 (bootstrap) and 58 (Chao 2). Compementarity between the habitat showed more similarity between flooded and non-flooded forest to open vegetation area. The sanke fauna in the area appears to be most similar to that recorded from the Ceará State mountaing range. The results represent the first contribution to the knowledge of the snake diversity in the region and offer first data for future projects on monitoring snake fauna and habitat status in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, distribuição, utilização de ambientes e variação sazonal na densidade de quelônios aquáticos do Lago Verde, Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) LEITE, Rachel Ullmann; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, riqueza e abundância de espécies de anfíbios na região do médio rio Xingú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LIMA, Amanda André; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study aimed to identify the amphibian fauna of different habitats in the region of the Middle Rio Xingu. We selected six sites, with samples taken from three breaths, between November 2007 and March 2008, totaling 48 days. We identified six types of habitats in the region: terra-firme forest, seasonally flooded forest (lowland), banks of the river, "pedral”, pond area and area with antropic disturbance. For data collection were used two field sampling methods: pitfall traps with drift fences and visual surveys. The traps were installed only in areas of terra-firme forest, while visual survey was employed in all types of habitats identified. The sampling resulted in the record of 56 species of amphibians and eight species were identified and recorded in previous studies in the area. Species diversity and richness were higher in Caracol site, where the predominance of the terra-firme forest was observed, and lower in the Ilha Grande, which is dominated by seasonally flooded forest. Nine reproductive modes were recorded in the study area, all found in the terra-firme forest and only three in the "pedral" which may reflect the low environment heterogeneity of this area. Two tests of similarity were performed to compare study sites, one for each method of collection. Similarity analysis of the data from visual surveys showed more similarity for species composition between areas of terra-firme forest than the other habitats. Cluster analysis between this study and other surveys conducted in the Amazon grouped the study area to another area also located in the Middle Xingu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade de Curculionidae (Coleoptera) de inflorescências da palmeira Euterpe longebracteata Barb. Rodr. em uma área de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-30) GUIMARÃES, José Raimundo Rocha; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324
The research was done with the community Curculionidae inflorescences of the palm Euterpe longebracteata in riparian areas (PPAs), degraded and preserved, in Tanguro Farm, Mato Grosso, Brazil, aiming to provide inputs on policy management and recovery areas. The weevils represented the most important component of the fauna associated with the inflorescences of the E. longebracteata, with 23 species richness, frequency of 97% in the samples and abundance of 10,000 (or 90% of total abundance). Species Phyllotrox sp. 18, Phyllotrox sp. 19, Erirhininae gen.n.Asp.1 , Erirhininae gen.n.Esp.1 and Bondariella sp. 3 accounted for more than 98% of abundance, were found to be dominant in the inflorescences of E. longebracteata and therefore specifically related to the palm and can act as effective pollinators species of the E. longebracteata in the area. Despite the differences between PPAs preserved and degraded populations of E. longebracteata and species composition of Curculionidae were not correlated with the level of degradation of PPAs. The wealth of Curculionidae also not correlated with canopy cover, distance to the edge of the sample, size of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence of E. longebracteata. The influence of collection period on the abundance of most dominant species was regarded as indicative of population dynamics and ecological succession. While Phyllotrox sp. 19, seems to present a pattern of aggregate distribution. Species Phyllotrox sp.18 and Erirhininae gen. No The sp. 1 were considered as having plenty more sensitive to degradation of PPAs. The palm E. longebracteata has potential use in the recovery of degraded areas of Tanguro farm because their populations and species of Curculionidae likely pollinators showed tolerance to the observed degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo de proteína animal em aldeias de terra firme e de várzea da terra indígena Uaçá, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) VON MÜHLEN, Eduardo Matheus; SILVEIRA, Ronis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7214125748792946
I studied the animal protein consumption in seven terra firme villages and eight várzea villages in the Terra Indígena (TI) Uaçá, using daily consumption calendars between April and June 2004. The TI Uaçá is localized in the Oiapoque city limits, extreme north of Amapá state, and has borders with the Cabo Orange National Park, the Ti Juminã and TI Galibi. Approximately 4.500 indigenous people from ethnic groups Palikur, Karipuna and Galibi-Marwomo tive in the TI. The arta is about 470.164 ha of wide seasonally fiooded fields (várzea), terra firme forests and small arcas of unfolded savanna. During the study period, which corresponded to the high water season, 243 calendars were dispensed in 83 houses of terra firme villages and 160 houses from várzea. Each calendar was composed with animal figures that represented the different sources of animal protein, and the inhabitants participating in the project were requested to mark what they consumed every day. Only the 55 calendars from terra firme villages and 113 from várzea that had more than 40% of the days with registers were used in the analyses. Games animal meat and fish were the major sources of animal protein for the inhabitants of both areas. The people consumed little commercialized foods such as chicken meat or comed beef. However, they ate more of this type of food in terra firme villages than in várzea villages. Mammals was the vertebrate class most consumed in terra firme villages, followed by reptiles and birds. In várzea villages, no significant differences were observed between mammal and reptile consumption, which were both used more often than birds. Ungulate was the most importa.nt vertebrate group for TI Uaçá inhabitant's diet. They were the most consumed in terra firme villages and jointly with crocodilians the most consumed also in várzea villages. This study will be the base for a future elaboration of a fauna management plan in the TI Uaçá, which is highly important for inhabitants' feeding habits.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação de Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) por agrotóxicos e mercúrio na bacia do Rio Xingu, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-16) PIGNATI, Marina Teófilo; PIGNATI, Wanderlei Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1262870406586508; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
The occupation policy in the north of the state of Mato Grosso and in the state of Pará, through activities such as gold mining, pasture and subsequent agricultural activities, caused a landscape change and habitat contamination. Pesticides, for example, are on the environment as a result of their use in agriculture and mercury (Hg) is mobilized into the environment through mining, deforestation and biomass burning activities. These contaminants are highly persistent and biomagnifies at each trophic level. Chelonian, because they are long lived organisms can accumulate toxic substances for long periods, are important contamination monitors. Podocnemis unifilis, a chelonian species with wide distribution in the Amazon basin, represent an important resource for riparian and indigenous populations, with wide distribution in the Xingu River basin. This study investigated the landscape changes, contamination of pesticides and Hg in P. unifilis in the Xingu River basin. We selected locations with rivers sources or tributaries in the Xingu River basin, in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, describing the planted area and the use of pesticides in cotton, sugarcane, corn and soybean crops, as well as deforestation and biomass burned in the historical series from the years 2005 to 2014. Between September and December 2014 fifty specimens of P. unifilis were captured for liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Were evaluated 14 active ingredients of organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD), and total Hg (THg) in the tissues of P. unifilis by cold-vapor atomic absorption (CVAA) spectroscopy. It has been shown that agricultural production as well as the use of pesticides in the Xingu river basin in the state of Mato Grosso are increasing every year, and the most commonly used pesticide was Glyphosate in 2014 (8,055,248 liters). Analyzing the states separately, Glyphosate, Metamidofos, Atrazine, 2,4 D and Endosulfan were the pesticides most used in the state of Mato Grosso and, in Pará state, were Atrazine, Glyphosate, Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos and Tebuconazole respectively. The states of Mato Grosso and Pará had a significant increase in deforestation and biomass burning between the years researched (2005-2014), especially the city of São Félix do Xingu with 17,686.20 km² deforested only in 2014 and Feliz Natal with a 272% increase in the biomass burning in the last year researched (2014). Eight pesticides were found in the tissues of P. unifilis, including isomers and metabolites (values as mean ± standard deviation): Lindane = 1.39±8.46 ng/g-1; p,p’-DDT = 20.32±24.54 ng/g-1; p,p’-DDD = 4.00±6.96 ng/g-1; p,p’-DDE = 0.95±1.15 ng/g-1; o,p’-DDT = 0.90±3.97 ng/g-1; α-Endosulfan = 3.45±17.73 ng/g-1; β-Endosulfan = 3.81±8.01 ng/g-1; and Endosulfan sulfate = 7.12±12.05 ng/g-1. THg was detected in all specimens (liver: 134.20 μg/g-1, muscle: 24.86 μg/g-1). The type of tissue influenced the concentration of pesticides and THg, and the contamination variations of P. unifilis by pesticides and THg in the tissues were not explained by the interaction between sex and the straight-line carapace length. Comparing the results with current national and international legislation for protein resources, it was verified that the specimens of P. unifilis presented concentrations of pesticides greater than the maximum residue limit for Lindane, ΣDDT and ΣEndosulfan and Hg concentration 100 times greater than the acceptable maximum. It was concluded that the crops are "agrochemical-dependent" and that specimens of P. unifilis are contaminated with organochlorine pesticides and Hg. Riparian and indigenous population of the Xingu River basin that consumes these chelonians may be gradually contaminated, with future consequences for health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento da fauna anofélica antropofílica da Praia da Saudade na Ilha de Cotijuba - Belém - Pará: uma área endêmica da malária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-11) GUIMARÃES, Delma Gomes; MASCARENHAS, Bento Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279744837272788
In spite of its localization near the city of Belém, Pará, Cotijuba Island has been the site of outbreaks of malaria during recent years, especially in the months of April and May. The island is part of an archipelago at the southern margin of Marajó Bay, located 29 km from Belém, as an island portion of the municipality of Belém. The island has a total area of about 60 km² and 20 km of beaches that correspond to about 66% of the total area. Because of the epidemic, it tias become necessary to identify the anopheline species that are the malaria vectors on the island. From 2002 to 2004 periodic collections were made of mosquito larvae and adults, and their breeding sites were located and characterized. Larvae were collected with dippers, while adults were collected manually in individual tubes from human volunteers. Two collections were made of adults in forested areas, one collection during the dry season and the other during the rainy season. Each collection was made during a continuous 24 hour period. Six bi-monthly collections were made near residents' houses, each lasting 6 hours. Both in the forest and near houses, only two species of anophelines were found to bite people, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis and Anopheles (Anopheles) intennedius. A. aquasalis was more common near houses, whereas A. intermedius was more common in the forest. Most of the island's malaria cases were found to occur two months after the beginning of the rainy season, in the month of May. On all of Cotijuba Island there are four lakes that are possible anopheline breeding sites, and Gabriela Lake is the principal breeding site, responding for 42% of the malaria cases on the island during 2003. Climatic conditions, the resident population's behavior and housing, and the lack of resources for effective vector control, among other factors, favor the continual presence of malaria on Cotijuba Island.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e comparação morfológica da terminália feminina das espécies de Agromyzidae (Diptera: Opomyzoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MONTEIRO, Nilton Juvencio Santiago; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Agromyzidae is a family of phytophagous flies with great morphological similarity. The male terminalia is the main structure that helps in the identification of the species. However, the female terminalia has been largely neglected by most of the works until now. In this study, the female terminalia of 27 species in 9 genera of Agromyzidae (Japanagromyza Sasakawa, Melanagromyza Hendel, Calycomyza Hendel, Galiomyza Spencer, Liriomyza Mik, Nemorimyza Frey, Phytoliriomyza Hendel, Phytomyza Fallén, Pseudonapomyza Hendel) have been described which were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Female abdomens were cleared in 10% KOH, dissected and the female terminalia were drawn using a microscope with camera lucida. The shape of the ninth abdominal segment, the spermathecae and the number of marginal cerdae were important characteristics to identify each species. The shape and length of the egg guides were useful to identify both subfamilies of Agromyzidae (Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae). Some considerations about similar characteristics have been based in hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationship among genera of the family Agromyzidae. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for the identification of female specimens from now on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento do dimorfismo sexual em espécies de macacos-prego, gênero Cebus Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Cebidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MIRANDA, Cleuton Lima; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The studies on sexual dimorphism available in the scientific literature have shown that Cebus apella is the most dimorphic species within the genus Cebus. However, it is worthy to say that several species of Cebus currently recognized were previously considered subspecies of C. apella, and were grouped as one single species in the studies mentioned above. This is not the case for the present report, in which I recognize six species previously assigned to C. apella. Additionally, most studies on sexual dimorphism in Cebus were based only on adult specimens, assuming that individuals exhibit no more growth after reaching complete permanent dentition. The lack of studies that take into account young or subadult specimens may result in a deficient knowledge about the origins of sexual dimorphism, because different ontogenetic processes may be related to the development of sexual dimorphism, all of them leading to similar results in adult specimens. Considering the issues mentioned above, the aims of the present study are to assess the sexual dimorphism in the skull and in the development degree of head tufts through different ontogenetic stages in six capuchin monkey species, all of them assigned to the subgenus Sapajus (Cebus apella, C. macrocephalus, C. libidinosus, C. cay, C. nigritus e C. robustus), and to evaluate the existence of taxonomic variation in the development and the amount of sexual dimorphism found. I examined 774 specimens housed in Brazilian institutions. I measured 20 cranial variables, examined 12 qualitative cranial characters, and established four character states for the development degree of the head tufts. I used the Student t Test with Bonferroni adjustment to evaluate the sexual dimorphism, and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by the Discriminant Analysis (DA) to test the statistical significance among the age classes herein recognized (infants, juveniles, subadults, and adults; the latter group was divided in AD1 and AD2 in C. apella). The results show that sexual differences in the skull of species of Sapajus can be found in subadult specimens (ca. 3.5 years old), of which the most conspicuous is the length of the upper canine. In this life stage, the sexual differences are not statistically significant. In adult specimens (ca. 5 years old), most cranial variables showed significant sexual dimorphism. The number and composition of the dimorphic variables varied among the different species included in this study. The species with more dimorphic variables were C. apella and C. robustus (N=15), followed by C. nigritus (N=13), C. libidinosus (N=10), C. cay (N=7), and C. macrocephalus (N=3). Different from previous studies available in the scientific literature, which states that sexual dimorphism in the skull of Cebus (Sapajus) arises in young specimens (ca. 27 months old), my results showed that a significant sexual dimorphism in this subgenus appears only in adult specimens. My results suggest that the heterocronic process of the hipermorphose rate is the main cause of the sexual dimorphism pattern exhibited by Sapajus. The species of capuchin monkeys included in this study exhibited different degree of development in the head tufts. In general, the development degree of this character in Cebus (Sapajus) is related to the age class to which the specimen belongs. Moreover, there is no sexual dimorphism in this character in C. cay, C. robustus, and C. nigritus. By contrast, female specimens of C. libidinosus appear to exhibit more developed head tuft than male specimens. Finally, my results suggest that the species of capuchin monkeys analyzed herein may have experienced different kinds or intensities of selective pressure relative to sexual dimorphism during their evolutionary history.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de alguns parâmetros da biologia reprodutiva e produtiva da paca fêmea (Agouti paca Linnaeus, 1744) criada em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) LAMEIRA, Ana Paula Guimarães; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
This work had the objective of estimating basics reproductive characteristics of Agouti paca reared in captivity, the determination of the oestrous cycle period, gestational period, parturition interval, first postparturition oestrous, number of offsprings and sexual proportion. The observations were done using a colony of 13 caged animais in the Biotério of Universidade Federal do Pará, and the data were obtained with colpocitological techniques. These results indicate that this specie is polyestrous with continous reproduction. The oestrous cycle was categorized in four phases: proestrous, oestrous, metaestrous and diestrous, and its period was 32,5 ± 3,69 days (n = 20). As for the gestation period, two results were obtained: a) 147, 5 ± 2,83 days (n = 2) for females that had its last oestrous registered with sperm presence and, b) 146,7 ± 6,43 days (n = 3) for females that had just the last oestrous before the parturition. New borns were observed and weights and sexes were registered. Their weight was 605,9 ± 87,47 g (n = 12) for females and 736,7 ± 108,41 g (n = 14) for males. At birth the youngs are quite developed and soon show active movements, opened eyes, body completely covered by hair, and a capacity to eat solids within two days. From 38 births occurred at Biotério, all of them are single, although the A paca is been able to produce more than one offsprings per parturition. The parturition interval was 187,3 ± 8,48 days (n = 15) and within 35,6 ± 5,22 days (n = 5) occurred the first oestrous postparturition. These results can be used as basic orientation to future works with proposes to study reproductive parameters from selvage animals using biothecnology. In addition to, the application of an appropiate management in A. Paca creation, can become in the future, aliment qualified source and lucrative source too. Furthermore, it can give guaranty of species conservation yet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de puberdade em cutias (Rodentia:Dasyproctidae) criadas em cativeiro, através da quantificação das células espermatogênicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-05-02) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
The main objective of this work is to determine the period when puberty and sexual maturity occurs, thus classify the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycles (SEC), the relative frequency of the stages and compute the spermatogenesis efficiency. 7 groups with ages ranging from 4 to 17 months old were used, divided in the following way: G1 (4 and 5 months, n= 4), G2 (6 and 7 months, n= 4), G3 (8 and 9 months, n= 4), G4 (10 and 11 months, n= 3), G5 (12 and 13 months, n= 4), G6 (14 and 15 months, n= 3) and G7 (16 and 17 months, n= 2). The Testis samples were obtained by castration under anesthesia and their Testis samples, after biometrics, were fixed in ALFAC during 24 hours; after that, the samples were submitted to routine histological processing, the tissues obtained then stained in HE. The phases of reproductive development were determined by qualification of spermatogenic cells from 10 cross sections of the seminiferous circular boundary tubular/animal, which were in the stage 1 of SEC, previously characterized by the tubule morphology method, and which presented eight SEC stages. From 20 cross sections of the seminiferous circular tubules/animal that did not present complete spermatogenesis. To determine the relative frequency, 100 cross sections of the seminiferous tubules per animal, that had attained puberty were analyzed. The body and testis weights presented a high significative correlation with age and correlated significantly between themselves. The body and weights testis biometrics increases significantly (P<0.05) until the phase of beginning of sexual maturity. The analyzed groups were classified as pre-pubescent (G1), pre-puberty (G2), puberty (G3), post-pubescent 1 (G4), phase post-pubescent 2 (G5 and G6) and adult (G7). The puberty was reached with 8-9 months. Cell population observed in this phase was significant to the others (P<0.05) from the post-pubescent 1 on it was observed a non significative increase (P<0.05) until the beginning of the sexual maturity, nearby the 16 17 months. The spermatogenic cells presented high significative correlation with testis weights. The tubule diameter increases significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, corresponding to the enlargement of the cells in its interior. This result presented a high significative correlation with testis weights. After 1600 analysis of seminiferous tubules of eight stages characterized by the tubule morphology method, the most frequent inside the seminiferous tubule was 5 followed by 2 and 1, respectively, namely, these stages were founded in 21,2%, 18,8% and 16,8% of the tubules analyzed. After group of stages frequencies, the post meiotic phase, had a higher frequency, and it was not significant to the others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinantes da estrutura de comunidades de insetos aquáticos em riachos na Amazônia: o papel do habitat e da escala especial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-30) BATISTA, Gilberto Nicacio; HAMADA, Neusa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1512994126787334; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Aquatic ecosystems are highly complex environments, mainly due to interactions between their abiotic and biotic components; they are dependent on variation in physical structure and limnological characteristics, which in general, are factors that specifically act on different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, considering this complexity in structuring stream habitats, particularly in Amazonian lotic ecosystems, this doctoral thesis aims to evaluate which are the determining factors to structure aquatic insect communities and their distribution according to environmental variation and geographical distances. To meet this goal the thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, a systematic revision was carried out with a global assessment about the use of insects (Chironomidae: Diptera) in monitoring aquatic ecosystems and their responses as bioindicators. We found that the main issues presented in the studies were related to anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the taxonomic difficulties on the use of species identification to biomonitoring. The second shows analysis of distribution patterns and diversity of Chironomidae communities, under predictions of Metacommunity models, to evaluate the relations of the assemblages with the spatial scale and the environment. The main results showed that the assemblages were mainly affected by components of the physical habitat structure and partly the communities were limited by dispersal among the streams when considered at large scale in the region studied. The third showed analysis of functional composition on the communities of aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and their responses to variation in habitat structure considered under the assumptions of the Habitat Templet. Overall, we found relationships between the distribution of morphological and functional traits with the physical habitat variables. The fourth chapter evaluates the effect of spatial distance on the community similarity of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera communities in two regions of Eastern Amazon. In this final chapter, we find differences in the composition of communities expressed as species replacement because of the geographical distance and local environmental characteristics of each region. Finally, the studies developed in this thesis summarized how the structure of the habitat of streams can affect the aquatic insect communities and variation in the riparian structure and physical habitat, can cause variation in taxonomical composition and functional attributes. In summary, from these findings, we conclude that the physical habitat variables are determining factors in structuring aquatic insect communities. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of local factors (riparian vegetation structure/composition of substrates/limnological characteristics) as explanatory variables for taxonomical and functional composition. In addition, the regional factors (geographical distance / dispersal limitation) are essential components to affect similarity and structure of the communities.