Dissertações em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Mestrado) - PPGNBC/ICB
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2375
O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Acuidade visual e matriz extracelular no córtex visual primário: alterações associadas à privação monocular precoce e ao enriquecimento ambiental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-08) SILVA, Nonata Lucia Trévia da; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286; DINIZ JUNIOR, José Antônio Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3850460442622655The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of enriched environment on the visual acuity and on the distribution of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the primary visual cortex of albino mice that underwent monocular deprivation during the critical period of postnatal development. Mice at 10th postnatal day, were monocular deprived through right eye-lid sutured (M, n = 16) and the control group animals were not submitted to any cirurgical procedures (B, n = 16). After weaning, on postnatal day 21, animals were subdivided in: standard environment (AP) and enriched environment (AE), constituting the following groups: M.AP, M.AE, B.AP and B.AE. After 3 months, animals were submitted to grating visual acuity tests, perfused and coronal sections of their brains processed for Wisteria floribunda agglutinin to posterior stereological quantification through optical fractionator method. B.AP animals present visual acuity of 0.48 cycles/degree, while those raised in enriched environment (B.AE) present a better performance at visual test, reaching 0.996 cycles/degree. Animals with monocular deprivation had significantly lower visual acuity (M.AP 0.18 cycles/degree; M.AE 0.4 cycles/degree). Stereological quantifications revealed that enriched environment increases type 1 and the total number of perineuronal nets at supragranular and granular layers in both hemispheres of deprived animals (ANOVA, two-ways, p < 0.05) and this difference at granular layer is due to an increase of perineuronal nets mainly at the right hemisphere (ipsilateral to the monocular deprivation). At infragranular layer, M.AE animals presented an increase only at the number of type 1 PNNs in both hemispheres.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise de mutações no gene GJB2 em indivíduos com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial não sindrômica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11) PAULA, Danilo Monteiro de; SILVA FILHO, Manoel da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2032152778116209Deafness is the most frequent sensorial defect in human beings and it may have different causes since environmental to hereditary. In developed countries the estimates suggest that in each 1000 births some kind of deafness is expressed and more than 60% of the cases have a genetic origin. In Brazil, the hereditary deafness is not well-known. It is believed that four in each thousand newborns express some kind of hearing defect and that the frequency of deafness caused by genetic factors is estimated in 16%, while the 84% remaining cases are caused by environmental factors and have an unknown etiology. The many forms of hereditary deafness already identified are very rare, except for the one which is caused by mutations in the GJB2 gene which codifies the connexin 26. The connexins represent a class of a protein family which is responsible for the formation of communications channels between adjacent cells (Gap Junctions), this communication is fundamental for the growth and differentiation of the tissues. Until now there have been described 102 mutations of GJB2 gene which are associated to the hereditary deafness. Three mutations stand out because they have high frequency in specific population groups: 35delG among Europeans and Brazilians, 167delT among Ashkenazi Jews, and 235delG among Asians. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis of the entire coding sequence of the GJB2 gene (Connexin 26) in a population sample consisted of 30 unrelated individuals with prelingual nonsyndromic sporadic deafness from the population of Belém do Pará. DNA was obtained by peripheral blood samples and analyzed by the conventional PCR followed by automatic sequencing. Mutations in the Connexin 26 gene were found in 20% of the sample (6/30). The mutations 35delG and R143W were observed in one patient (1/30), both in the heterozygous and related to the patient’s deafness. Two additional mutations were observed in different individuals: G160S in a patient corresponding to 3.3% (1/30), and V27I was observed in 4 patients with allele frequency of 0.08; however mutations G160S and V27I are not related deafness. In this work the observed frequencies of mutations are equivalent to the frequencies observed in other populations previously studied. These results indicate that mutations in the GJB2 gene are important causes of deafness in our region and it cannot be excluded that the possibility of deafness presented by some individuals may be caused, mainly, by environmental factors such as infectious processes occurring during pregnancy or the first months of life.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise morfológica e topográfica das células ganglionares da retina do caititu (Tayassu tajacu)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-22) COSTA, Kelly Helorany Alves; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245In the Amazon there are several different wild animals species, becoming this way a good environment to investigated about compared physiology. Among this species, the caititu, Tayassu tajacu, stood out. This animals is located in central America and Latin America. There are many publications around morphology of sexual organs, meat and blood of the catitu. Although, regarding studies about visual’s morphology are scarce. Facing this reality, the present study investigated a morphology and topography of ganglion cells of Tayassu tajacu’s retina. Were used six retina, from eight animals, Both sexes of the species Tayassu tajacu. The caititu born and raised in captivity in the Brazilian company of research known as Embrapa/Pará. Were slaughtered according to the rules of animals ‘s management to subsequent removal and attachment of eyes. The retinas were dissected and stained using Nissl technique to ganglion cells of view, displaced amacrine, red blood cells, microglia cells and components of vascularization. A count of ganglion cells was made a long the horizontal and vertical axis. Being the number of ganglion cells by field converted into density values. The different regions of the retina were analyzed as the cellular density, obtaining the medium value of the density 351,822 ± 31,434 CG/mm². Verified different of the density between the studies regions : The dorsal region had a medium density and standard deviation 894 ± 44 CG/mm², the ventral region 894 ± 1 CG/mm²; the nasal region 1.403 ± 43; the temporal region with 1596 ± 251. The average peak density located approximately 3.13 mm from the dorsal direction and 6.77 mm in the temporal direction of the optic nerve, was 6767 GC / mm². Check there are two specialized regions, the visual streak region and the area temporalis. The visual streak located in the horizontal direction of the nasal region to temporal, presenting higher cellular density, possibly providing better panoramic vision from the environment and detecting the objects in the horizontal direction. Already the temporalis area, located within the visual range, provides increased visual acuity and spatial resolution, the environment that they live. These results allow to start comparisons between morphophysiological the retina of peccaries with other animal species.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do efeito protetor da Euterpe oleracea (açaí) na resposta eletrofisiológica da retina de ratos expostos ao metilmercúrio(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-19) COSTA, Alódia Brasil; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245; HERCULANO, Anderson Manoel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407177208423247Methylmercury (MeHg) is organic form most toxic of mercury. The MeHg exposure generates oxidative stress may affect the retina, because it has a high vulnerability due to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygen consumption. In this context, administration of exogenous antioxidants obtained from the diet, such as those present in Euterpe oleracea (açaí), could be a way to prevent this imbalance and its consequences. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Euterpe oleracea in electrophysiological changes caused by MeHg in the retina. For this was performed gavage with MeHgCl (5mg/kg) or saline (NaCl 0.9%) for 7 days and pretreatment with açaí (10%) per 28 days. Was used Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Group MeHg (received standard diet and MeHgCl); MeHg + Acai (enriched diet with acai and MeHgCl); Acai (enriched diet with açai and NaCl); Vehicle (standard diet and NaCl). One day after the last gavage animals were subjected to full-field electroretinography (ffERG) to obtain the scotopic responses (rods, mixed 1 and mixed 2) and photopic responses (cone and flicker at 12, 18, 24 and 30Hz). The next day to the ffERG was applied open field test to evaluate the animals locomotor activity. Subsequently, measurement of the lipid peroxidation by the method TBARS in retinal tissue. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test, considering significant p<0.05. The open field and body weight results showed no difference between groups. The MeHg reduced the amplitude of the following responses: b-wave in rod response (Vehicle: 114.6 ± 23.6 μV and MeHg: 41.2 ± 9.6 μV); a-wave (Vehicle: 8.4 μV and MeHg ± 1.4: 3.4 ± 0.3 μV) and b-wave (Vehicle: 176.7 ± 17.8 μV and MeHg: 69.5 ± 12.0 μV) in mixed 1 responses; a-wave (Vehicle: 103.1 ± 23.3 μV and MeHg: 40.2 ± 9.6 μV) and b-wave (Vehicle: 281 ±, 38.3 μV and MeHg: 138.6 ± 14μV) in mixed 2 response; a-wave (Vehicle: 27.2 ± 3.6 μV and MeHg: 7.5 ± 1.8 μV) and b-wave (Vehicle: 139.3 ± 16.1 μV and MeHg: 54.4 ± 10μV) of cones response; b-wave in frequencies 12 Hz (Vehicle: 67.7 ± 10μV and MeHg: 28.6 ± 6.9 μV), 18Hz (Vehicle: 31.3 ± 3.4 μV and MeHg : 14.2 ± 2.3 μV), 24Hz (Vehicle: 21.0 ± 1.8 μV and MeHg: 11.0 ± 1.1 μV) and 30Hz (Vehicle: 10.9 ± 0.6 μV and MeHg: 6.0 ± 1.1 μV). While the implicit time of the waves was not altered. The pretreatment with Euterpe oleracea prevented the decrease of amplitude of both waves in mixed 1 (a-wave: 8.3 ± 0.6 μV; b-wave: 144.1 ± 7,1 μV) and mixed 2 responses (a-wave: 106.4 ± 13.6 μV; b-wave: 275,2±27,6 μV), b-wave of cone response (104.5 ± 5.9 μV) and photopic flicker at 12 Hz (67.2 ± 9.1 μV), 18 Hz (29.5 ± 4.8 μV) and 24 Hz (21.9 ± 2.4 μV). Lipid peroxidation in retinal tissue of MeHg group (294.9 ± 205.8%) was higher than that of the Vehicle (100 ± 25.1%) and açaí protected against this oxidative damage (MeHg + Acai = 111.2 ± 26.1%). Our results demonstrate diffuse alteration in the electrophysiological response and increase in lipid peroxidation of the retina induced by MeHg and protection exerted by Euterpe oleracea in these two parameters. Thus, Euterpe oleracea could be used as an important alternative to attenuate the changes in the retina caused by MeHg.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação eletrorretinográfica de ratos wistar jovens submetidos à tireoidectomia bilateral(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-31) RODRIGUES, Keuri Eleutério; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245The thyroid synthesizes thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3 '-triiodothyronine (T3), both hormones have a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system, including the retina and visual system. The decrease in blood levels of T3 and T4 causes a syndrome called hypothyroidism, which may lead to visual impairment. The visual deficits generated by hypothyroidism are directly related to the development period of the individual. It has been demonstrated in murine models that congenital hypothyroidism decreases the retinal thickness, the number of cells and interferes with the differentiation of M cones. Here, we investigated the possible functional changes in juvenile rat’s retina after bilateral thyroidectomy using noninvasive electrophysiological responses. Therefore, we divided the rats into three groups (control, sham and thyreoidectomized) each containing n≥8 animals. The surgeries were performed 30 days post-natal and the full-field electroretinogram (ERG) were performed 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after surgery, using standard protocols for assessing the scotopic response maximum, photopic response (with and without the use of light filters) and response to flicker (12, 15, 18 and 30 Hz). The parameters analyzed were implicit time and amplitude of a- and b-waves of ERG. We also perform monitoring of clinical parameters of animals in order to identify characteristics that indicate a hypothyroidism, as well as the dosage of thyroid hormones. The results showed that there was a decrease in the a- and b-waves amplitudes in thyroidectomy animals (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after surgery), compared to control and sham animals at all the stimulation protocols used in ERG. The results of the evaluation of the implicit time for both waves showed none statistical difference when comparing to control and sham groups. Also we observed a reduction in size and weight of thyroidectomy animals, associated with reduced levels of thyroid hormone (T3). Thus we concluded that the thyroid hormones are directly related to functional changes in the retina of thyroidectomy animals, together with the reduction of weight and size.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeito do extrato aquoso de folhas de mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) em modelo in vivo de doença de Parkinson com lesão com 6-hidroxidopamina(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-28) RAMOS, Luciana Fernandes Pastana; YAMADA, Elizabeth Sumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7240314827308306; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of classical clinical signs bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. The etiology is still unknown and the available treatment options only promote relief of symptoms. Experimental models of PD are fundamental for studies aiming to identify the molecular events involved in the disease and to discover new neuroprotective therapies. This study used a hemiparkinsonism model with lesion induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and investigated effects of an aqueous extract of leaves of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) on the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and on behavioural parameters assessed in the open-field and apomorphine-induced rotacional tests. The results showed that the 6-OHDA lesioned animals exhibited contralateral rotation induced by apomorphine and significant reduction of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. However, only 6-OHDA lesioned animals treated with mahogany extract showed significant decrease in relation to the group vehicle/vehicle. There was also a significant decrease in ambulation and rearing in the group 6-OHDA/mahogany. In conclusion, the mahogany extract under the conditions used in the present study potentiated the cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA and yet promoted worsening of behavioral parameters of the animals.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeito protetor da flavana extraída da espécie Brosimum acutifolium contra danos causados por hipóxia em células retinianas: um estudo in vitro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-14) FONSECA, Susanne Suely Santos da; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170Ischemic stroke causes neuronal death due to excitotocity and oxidative stress. In this work, we investigate the neuroprotective effect of an amazon plant Brosimum acutifolium which is rich in flavanas with antioxidant potential, such as 4',7-dihydroxy-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl) flavana (brosimin b) (Bb), in a experimental model hypoxia in vitro. Neuroprotective effect of Bb was evaluated using cell cultures obtained from chick embryo retinas submitted to hypoxy by deprivation of oxygen and glucose. The antioxidant power of Bb was evaluated by kidnapping of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) molecules. The neuroprotective activity was evaluated through the effects under cell viability, oxidative and antioxidative profile after 3, 6 and 24 hours after hypoxia trough oxygen reactive elements (O2-) analysis and endogenous antioxidant activity power of the catalase enzyme, respectively. We demonstrate that in vitro hypoxia causes time-dependent decreasing of cell viability due to the excessive production of O2-. On the other hands, the Bb treatment (10 μM) significantly preserved the cellular viability after 3 and 6 hours of in vitro hypoxia. This effect contributed to decrease the oxidative stress generated by productions of O2- during the 3 initial hours of hypoxia and also induced the increasing in the power activity of catalase enzyme in all the tested times. Thus, we show that Bb treatment has an antioxidant and neuroprotector effects due to contribute with antioxidant response during the neural hypoxia-induced oxidative stresse in vitro. These results suggest the use of Bb as a potential drug for Ischemic stroke treatment in vivo.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos do exercício voluntario na recuperação de hemissecção da medula espinhal: mudanças na rede perineuronal e acetilação de histonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) SFAIR, Márcio José Teixeira; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, AntônioRegular physical exercise prevents and combats various diseases over time, especially as a great therapeutic tool for the treatment of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). After transection (complete or incomplete / hemisection) spinal cord reactive glial cells secrete substances inhibitory to axonal regeneration , for example , molecules of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (PGSCs) that play an important role in the formation of a physical barrier chemical , called glial scar, which prevents the growth of axons damaged by injury. Research involving experimental model of spinal cord injury and rehabilitation by exercise have obtained promising results. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which promote these positive results are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the recovery of motor function of the hind paw after voluntary exercise protocol in an experimental model of spinal cord hemisection and investigate two molecular mechanisms involved in functional recovery: the degradation of the PGSCs Perineuronal networks and histone acetylation. To do this, twenty-four (24) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) mice were used and divided into 3 groups (control, trained and untrained). Except for the control group, all animals were accustomed to racing wheels and followed underwent an experimental surgery hemisection of the spinal cord at the time of the 8th thoracic vertebra. Our results showed that voluntary exercise on wheels racing after experimental spinal cord injury promoted recovery of motor function of the affected hind paw, but did not observe qualitative differences in histone acetylation and degradation PGSCs between groups.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Eletrofisiologia da visão em modelo experimental de ratos com diabetes e hipotireoidismo(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-28) GUIMARÃES, Glenda Figueira; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health problem because of its potential morbidity and mortality. This pathology is characterized as a metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia, results from an absolute or relative deficiency in the secretion and/or insulin action. Associated to this case, problems with the thyroid are often found in patients with diabetes, especially with advancing age. Furthermore, there is a body of knowledge describing that both diabetes and hypothyroidism cause visual loss, however, there are not many publications on the physiology involving both pathologies in conjunction with the visual complications. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate issues relevant to a more detailed understanding of the framework for the evolution of retinal impairment in animal models simultaneously affected by two diseases: diabetes and hypothyroidism. For this, 50 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used, two-months-old, weighing between 80 to 120 grams, divided into four groups: a control group without procedures; a group with hypothyroidism opting for a bilateral experimental model of thyroidectomy; a group with diabetes, with application of 200 mg/kg to 2% Aloxana; and two groups with both pathologies, adopting both experimental procedures by changing the sequence of the pathologies in question. In the studied groups, it was used the electroretinogram (ERG), a non-invasive method widely used in academia to evaluate the visual changes, in different periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. We found a decrease in the average amplitude of the wave-a of the animals in the groups with diabetes and with both pathologies in all the realized registrations, the ones that showed the highest statistical differences were in relation to the registration of maximum estocópica, as well as difference in oscillatory potential of both groups with both pathologies. These results support the hypothesis that both concomitant pathologies (diabetes and hypothyroidism) significantly diminish the ERG responses.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Identificação neuroanatômica dos núcleos cerebrais relacionados ao canto em Uraeginthus cyanocephalus (ordem Passeriformes, subordem Oscines, família Estrildidae)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-28) LOBATO, Muriele Nazareth; LIMA, Silene Maria Araújo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8961057812067156Song control regions in passerine birds are sexually dimorphic in the adult brain of species like the zebra finches in which males sing whereas females do not. In the majority of tropical bird species, however, females sing as well. The issue of female song production began to attract more attention recently, but the neural mechanisms involved in the female song production are still poorly understood. Here we study for the first time the ontogeny of the song control system in a species, in which both male and female sing regularly. In blue-capped cordon blues (Uraeginthus cyanocephalus), a close relative of the zebra finch, females sing but have shorter songs with fewer syllables compared to the males. Volumetric changes of forebrain song control regions (the HVC, the RA and the LMAN) of the blue capped cordon bleu have been quantified in both sexes at 20, 30, 50 and ≥100 days posthatching, by using the Nissl- taining method and in situs hybridization. In both sexes, no significant differences in the volumetric development of HVC (proper name) were detected. The Nissl-efined volume of the HVC in males was always superior to the females values, including the adulthood, when the volume values became significant bigger in males than in females. In contrast, the volume of the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) increased with age reaching the highest values in adulthood. The Nissl-defined RA volume incresed by 2,21 times in males (from 0,104 mm3 at 20 days to 0,236 mm3 in adulthood). In females, no significant differences in the volumetric development of RA were detected.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Influência de parâmetros espaciais sobre potenciais corticais provocados visuais gerados por estimulação pseudoaleatória(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-08) ARAÚJO, Carolina dos Santos; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718The contributions of contrast detection mechanisms to the visual cortical evoked potential (VECP) have been investigated studying the contrast-response and spatial frequency-response functions. Previously, the use of m-sequences for stimulus control has been almost restricted to multifocal electrophysiology stimulation and, in some aspects, it substantially differs from conventional VECP. Single stimulation with spatial contrast temporally controlled by msequences was not extensively tested or compared to multifocal techniques. Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of spatial frequency and contrast of sinusoidal gratings on the VECP elicited by pseudo-random stimulation. Nine normal subjects were stimulated by achromatic sinusoidal gratings driven by a pseudo-random binary m-sequence at seven spatial frequencies (0.4-10 cpd) and three stimulus sizes (4º, 8º, and 16º of visual angle). At 8º of visual angle, it was also used six contrasts levels (3.12-99%). First order kernel had not provided a consistent measurable signal across spatial frequencies and contrasts that were tested – signal was very small or absent – while the second order kernel first and second slices exhibited reliable responses for the stimulus range. The main differences between results obtained with the first and second slices of the second order kernel were the shape of the amplitude versus contrast and amplitude versus spatial frequency functions. The results indicated that the second order kernel first slice was dominated by M pathway, but for some stimulus condition some P pathway contribution could be found, while the second order kernel second slice reflected the P pathway contribution. The present work extended previous findings of the visual pathways contribution to VECP elicited by pseudo-random stimulation for a wider range of spatial frequencies.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Investigação dos efeitos protetores do selenito de sódio sobre a neurotoxicidade do metilmercúrio em diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento de ratos wistar(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-28) SANTOS, Nilton Barreto dos; COSTA, Edmar Tavares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6776869402973569; YAMADA, Elizabeth Sumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7240314827308306Exposure to mercury compounds results in oxidative damages, seriously affecting the central nervous system both in humans and in experimental models. We used Wistar rats at different stages of neuro-development in order to investigate potential protective effects of selenium (sodium selenite) in an in vivo model of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). Subjects (age groups P1 and P21) were given lactational and orally, respectively: vehicle, Selenium (5ppm), MeHg (10 ppm) or selenium (5 ppm) plus MeHg (10 ppm) for 20 and 10 days respectively (n = 8 per group). After treatment, the rats were submitted to the following behavioral tests: open field and Morris water maze to examine motor deficits and memory/learning, respectively. After intracardiac perfusion we performed immunohistochemistry for Neu-N. In order to evaluate possible deleterious effects in neuronal populations, we counted neurons in the hippocampus (polymorphic layer). As a result, we found significant reduction in locomotor activity of neonates (P1) when exposed to MeHg. Besides, groups exposed to MeHg (alone or in association with selenium) showed learning/memory deficits. P21 animals treated with MeHg showed increase in locomotor activity, effect abolished by concomitant administration of selenium. When submitted to water maze, only subjects in the control and selenium groups showed reduction of the time latency. As assessed by stereological counting, we noticed reduction in the number of hippocampal neurons only in P21 animals exposed to MeHg. Combined, our results showed that MeHg exposure produces age-dependent behavioral effects. Also, despite other findings in the literature, under our experimental conditions administration of selenium was only able to interfere with motor deficits in older animals, besides not being able to interfere with memory/learning deficits nor the MeHg-induced neuronal death. Possible mechanisms associated with these partial protective properties of selenium in the later stages of neural development have yet to be elucidated.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O transportador XCG- medeia a captação de glutamato independente de sódio em cultura primária de células gliais da cóclea de camundongos neonatos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-20) MARTINS, Luana Carvalho; OLIVEIRA, Karen Renata Herculano Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3032008039259369The cochlea is a sensory organ of the auditory system whose excitatory synapses are mediated by L-Glutamate. Since glutamate has physiological and pathological repercussions on the cochlea, the crucial role of glutamate transport mechanisms capable of regulating the extracellular concentration of this neurotransmitter in order to maintain auditory function is highlighted. Within this context, in this study we sought to investigate the activity and expression of glutamate transport systems in an in vitro model of primary cultures of cochlear glial cells obtained from newborn mice of the Balb/C lineage. For this, we determined the sodium dependent and independent glutamate transport by means of glutamate uptake and release assays whose extracellular concentrations were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector. Finally, the cells were subjected to immunofluorescence assay for XCG sodium-independent glutamate transporter labeling. In our results, we demonstrate that cochlear glial cells have a glutamate transport system mediated by the XCG- transporter. Such data suggest a possible role of this transporter in the control of extracellular concentrations of glutamate and regulation of the redox state, which may help to preserve auditory function.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O tratamento com meio condicionado em cultura primária de tenócitos acelera o reparo tendíneo em modelo de lesão total do tendão calcâneo(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-14) MACIEL, Analú Alves; SILVA, Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407177208423247Conventional treatments for tendinopathies are ineffective and most clinical interventions do not provide adequate recovery leaving this tissues more likely to suffer reinjures. Recently, cell based therapies has been shown to be effective for the treatment in connective tissue injuries, such as tendons. Our aim is to evaluate if local treatment with tenocytes conditioned medium promoves tissue and functional improvements in the calcaneal tendon of tenotomized mice. The calcaneal tendon cells of Swiss mice were cultured for conditioning culture medium that will be used as a treatment. The animals were subjected to right calcaneal tenotomy and treated with saline solution (SAL), DMEM without serum (DMEM) and DMEM conditioned in primary tenocyte culture (MC) and compared to the control group (CTRL). Tendon functionality was measured using the Achilles Functional Index (AFI) and mechanical sensitivity through the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) using the Von Frey test. All analyzes were performed at 7, 14 and 21 days post-injury (dpi). For histological analysis, tissues were stained with HE. Statistics were performed by ANOVA-2 followed by Tukey's post test, p<0.01. The MC group showed functional improvement at 7° and 14°dpi (-40.4±12.6; -36.6±10.4) compared to the DMEM groups (-76.5±11.7; -71, 6±7.9, p<0.01) and SAL (-88.8±15; -71.4±12.6 p<0.01). The MC group showed improvement in the paw withdrawal threshold at 7° and 14°dpl (2.24±1.15; 2.66±1.06) compared to the DMEM groups (0.15±0.07; 0 .45±0.76 p<0.01) SAL (0.13±1.15; 0.77±0.95 p<0.01). In the histological analysis, the MC group showed better tissue organization with cells presenting a format more similar to the control group, while the SAL and DMEM groups were more different from this one. We conclude that treatment with tenocytes conditioned medium accelerates tendon recovery, promoving improvement in mechanical sensitivity, functionality and tissue organization in the proposed injury model.