Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Age of Eucalyptus urograndis plantations and occurrence of pest insects
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10) ANDRADE, Joana Gabriela Freitas; SÁ, Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de; SPACEK, Sara Lodi de Carvalho Spacek; GODOY, Bruno Spacek
Eucalyptus species are originally from Australia and its plantations is the major forestry activity in Brazil. The Myrtaceae family is widely represented in Brazil, enabling native insects to migrate to Eucalyptus plants. Native herbivorous insects may adapt to the species planted in monoculture with low availability of their natural host plants and natural enemies. Within this context, the differential occurrence pattern of eleven insect pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera orders, from 450 Eucalyptus stands of different ages recorded in 2002 to 2010 in eastern State of Minas Gerais, Brazil was evaluated. Bayesian inference was used for data analyses in hypothesis testing. The probability of occurrence of pest species was estimated using a linear multinomial model, relating their occurrence with the Eucalyptus stand age. Pest occurrence in Eucalyptus stands were linked to plant age, with younger ones being more susceptible to phytophagous insects. That association with chronological plant age may be associated with the resource exploration strategy of each group of pest insects. Thus, Eucalyptus forest management should be adapted to the temporally differential use of the stands by pest species, providing more efficient control strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aumento da demanda do açaí e as alterações sociais, ambientais e econômicas: o caso das várzeas de Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-30) TAGORE, Márcia de Pádua Bastos; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173
The aim of this research was to examine the increase in açaí demand and the changes in the Amazon floodplain areas, trying to understand how production systems, through intensive models of açaizeiros management, have caused social, environmental and economic changes in riverine life, that adopting practices different from those usually used in the extractive process of production of açaí are the result of changes of several orders, with consequent risks for society. The case study was carried out in Abaetetuba, Pará, based on the analysis of information from 56 dispersed families in 24 Agroextractive Settlement Projects (PAE) of the 72 islands that make up the municipality. Among the families financed for the açaí activity with resources from the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF), based on the database of 56 Appointments to Pronaf (DAP), were chosen for analysis. Time between 2003 and 2016. The exploratory visits were made to the properties of 10 riverside inhabitants in the year 2015 and 2016, when the semi-structured open interviews were carried out with the participation of the families, the questionnaires were applied and the field explorations carried out with ethnographic records, Photographic and geographic coordinates. The management of açai trees in the floodplain areas has provided an increase in the production and income of riverside, but has also implied alterations in cultural, social and work relations, as well as in the environment, leading to the process of landscape homogenization, with a reduction in the species diversification, which will cause in the medium and long term, socioenvironmental risks where they are installed threatening the sustainability of the Várzea ecosystem, with consequences in the production and productivity of the açaizeiros.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Chemical analysis of rainfall and throughfall in the Tapajós National Forest, Belterra, Pará, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Raimundo Cosme de; KELLER, Michael Meier; RAMOS, Jose Francisco da Fonseca; BELDINI, Troy Patrick; CRILL, Patrick Michael; CARMARGO, Plinio Batista de; HAREN, Joost van
The Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) has 600,000 hectares of protected forest, and is situated 50 km south of the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil, a port city of 250,000 inhabitants that is located at the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers. There is a lot of farmland in the region, which offers many opportunities to study changes in land use. Selective wood harvesting is one type of land use that is particularly important to the economy of Santarém. Wet and dry deposition of organic material can be an important source of nutrients for plants, and this is especially true when the soil is poor, which is the case in Santarém-Belterra plateau region, the study area of this research. In this region, the natural atmospheric deposition of nutrients is often enhanced by the burning of biomass, which releases a large part of the above-ground biomass nutrients into the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were: 1 - estimate the total wet deposition via direct precipitation and through the canopy, including dry deposition; 2 - verify potential sources of nutrients found in the total wet deposition and dry deposition; and 3 - investigate the effects of coverage vegetation on nutrient content in precipitation and throughfall. The study was conducted in FLONA Tapajós at km 67 of Santarém- Cuiabá Highway, south of the city of Santarém. The study area consisted of a portion of 100 x 100 m transects divided into 10 x 10 m plots. The area was located next to a meteorological tower 65 m tall that measures various climate parameters such as rainfall, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, temperature and humidity, among others. Direct precipitation (PD) and internal precipitation (IP) collectors consisted of 2 L polyethylene bottles with a 115 mm diameter funnel. Samples were collected weekly from April 2003 to March 2006. The volume of the sample was measured individually for each collector (25 traps for internal precipitation and 4 for direct precipitation). The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1 - the dry season has the highest variation in ion flux; 2 - seasonality has a strong influence on the concentration of basic cations; 3 - dry deposition is one of the most important ways that nutrients are acquired in FLONA Tapajos; 4 - there is a significant inflow of nutrients Cl and Na due to intensive grain farming nearby; 5 - dry deposition is the most important process for the enrichment of water that reaches the forest floor; 6 - principal component analysis facilitates the interpretation and characterization of rainwater and in this study shows the influence of anthropogenic sources such as agriculture, biomass burning, and dust.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos, gestão ambiental e o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável da mineração no estado do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) CHAGAS, Marco Antonio Augusto; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787433Y1
The industrial mining in Amapá has been developed for six decades (1950-2010, since the settlement of the project ICOMI into the recent investments in gold and iron mines carried out by the enterprises MBPA (current Beadell Brasil) and MMX (current Anglo Ferrous Amapá). Starting from the analysis of data contained in environmental licensing processes, monitoring reports, performed interviews, among other sources, the interpreted activities have been identified as social-environmental conflicts coming from the ore mining enterprises in Macapá, the relations of these conflicts with environment administration and the sustainable development speeches. It has been evidenced that there exists a direct relationship between the state organ environment performance and the efficacy of environment administration put into practice by the mining business of enterprises and that the social-environmental conflicts are a result of the fragility of performance of public institutions responsible for the politics of environment administration. Nevertheless, it has been observed that harmful political agreements have advanced legal proceedings of environment instruments administration. These issues have shaken inexorably the principles that lead the environment politics, as the care, the democracy and the sustainability among others. However, it has been verified that inherent idiosyncrasies exist about the form of managing each commercial enterprise and that the environmental administration is the answer to the challenges of viability of each enterprise, as it was with ICOMI in the 1950’s that established programs of environmental health in order to create habitability conditions in the middle of the Amazon forest and more recently with MPBA when, in its short performance activity in Amapá, it created voluntarily funds of social and community development, besides the publication of sustainability reports to communicate their actions. Another askew issue has been also detected; it is concerned with the time of transactions; they weren´t compatible with the environment licensing fulfillment, as it has been proved by the MMX, Amapá performance time; nevertheless, the registered results are due to the violations performed by the company, resulted positive, when they are assessed under the focus of profits measured at the stock market and in the subsequent sale of the iron mine of Amapá to the Anglo American Mining Company. It has also become well-known that it is the Department of Justice, the mediator agent most looked for in order to decide the social environment conflicts provoked by the mining enterprise performances but the results of the means applied still lacks evaluation. The conclusion is that the environmental administration practiced in Amapá is a potential field of conflicts, where public power commits omissions together with the private enterprises, due to lack of technical education and technology in order to produce the modernity of industrial mining and also the lack of the pro-active environment and the adoption of a sustainable development far away from where it is accomplished.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desmatamento e uso e cobertura da terra: Um estudo de caso no assentamento de reforma agraria Paragonorte, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-05) PINHO, Bianca Caterine Piedade; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194
The deforestation study journey in rural settlements associated with the usage of geotechnologies to forest coverage diagnosis has become an important tool to monitoring tropical forests, helping the planning and management of natural resources in rural lands. Thinking about such importance, this research was made to understand the deforestation process of the agrarian reform Paragonorte ,willing to offer an accurate environment diagnosis related to the forest resources usage . In order to reach this goal it was used environment data shared by the National Institute of Space Resources (INPE) through PRODES projects, TerraClass and PROARCO that were afterwards properly monitored in SIG territory, producing relevant information to the environment planning of the studied area. The results showed the deforested areas regeneration, it also showed their mainly ways of soil usage and also showed the deforestation connection with the burned phenomenon. This study reveled the importance of the geotechnologies usage associated with the environment monitoring like an accurate tool to environmental studies also its ability to receive public politics that favor the natural resources management in rural settlements in the Brazil legal Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico ambiental da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de São João da Ponta: subsídios para o planejamento ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) FERREIRA, Welington Morais; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
The environmental assessment and analysis of the suitability of the occupation permit identification of the most critical areas in the level of degradation is extremely relevant for the establishment of conservation measures, conservation and recovery. This study aimed to conduct an environmental diagnosis of Marine Extractive Reserve of St. John the tip through GIS techniques. Analyses based on information that make up the landscape of CU, especially in the use and occupation of land and the relationships between some aspects considered in the work. The analyzes included aspects related to the use and occupation of land , the region's climate , soil composition and its geomorphology , water resources , fauna and flora , the conditions of life in the communities , the risk of erosion. It was found that the basin water resources are being degraded , the use and land cover still has degraded areas and a process of fragmentation is occurring in the landscape , especially in the vicinity of CU. Potential sources of landscape degradation of mangroves have been identified in the vicinity of the unit , compromising the quality and quantity of the supply of resources . Urbanization is the most influential factor on the CU because it exerts a pressure on the EXRES . Irregular situation with respect to legislation and environmental preservation were detected in the basin . In most of CU along watercourses use and land cover have an advanced stage of regeneration , which refers to the process of occupation of northeastern Paraense . Ecological corridors linking the upland forests are degraded and inadequate , especially for not meeting the environmental function determined by the Forest Code , predominating in these areas pastures . An efficient environmental control policy is needed for these areas, and environmental planning appropriate to guide the occupation surrounding the CU and the adoption of measures for the recovery of the same.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoque e ciclagem de carbono de sistemas agroflorestais em Tomé-Açu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BRANCHER, Tobias; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) constitute an important agricultural practice of land use directed at food production and environmental services. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon stock and cycling of 4 agroforestry systems (SAF) with different age and species composition, and a secondary vegetation (“capoeira”), in Tomé-Acu, northeast of Pará State, Eastern Amazon. Carbon stocks in soil, litter and aboveground biomass were measured. Carbon flux associated with litterfall and aboveground biomass increment was measured over a year between 2008 and 2009. The SAFs were divided into four categories, called SAF 1, SAF 2, SAF 3 and SAF 4, being (SAF 1: cacau, açaí, bananeira e seringueira, 14 years old, SAF 2: cacau, açaí, bananeira, seringueira, taperebá, paricá e macacaúba, 14 years old, SAF 3: cupuaçu, açaí, teca e mogno, 9 years old, SAF 4:cupuaçu, açaí e paricá, 9 anos years old). In each system we set four plots, where soil and plant samples were collected, including diameter at breast height (DAP) and height (h), which were used to estimate the aboveground biomass. Within plots were installed collectors to measure the deposition of litterfall and sampled soil and litter used to estimate carbon stocks. There was no significant difference between SAFs in relation to soil carbon stock. The SAF 3 was significantly lower than the other SAF in relation to aboveground carbon and SAF 4 had the highest annual litterfall deposition among all treatments. The SAF did not differ in relation to soil and litter carbon stocks. Net primary production reached 2.54, 6.11, 9.54 and 16.27 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in SAF 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The age of the SAFs had no significant effect on the amount of carbon accumulated during one year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fitoterapia popular do bairro do Sossego distrito de Marudá-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-07) FLOR, Alessandra Simone Santos de Oliveira; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070
In the Amazon medicinal plants are a mare resource for the treatment of various diseases, given the cultural context, access, reliability and low cost compared to industrial medicine. This context, is the Marudá District, in the municipality of Marapanim distant 160 km from the Belém state of Pará, where it is common to use medicinal plants to treat health problems. In Brazil has shown several surveys of plant species used in folk phytotherapy of a human group, applying methodologies such as ethnobotany and etnopharmacy to inventory the plant species. This work aims to investigate the practice of folk herbal medicine by the residents of the Quiet neighborhood, including a group of women called Herb Life Marudá District state of Pará, highlighting the importance of medicinal plants for this human group in cultural, economic and environmental terms. For this we carried out in the ethnopharmaceutical survey medicinal plants used by local people. To perform the work of 18 popular herbal medicine practitioners who were nominated by the community’s itself in Quiet Neighborhood (holders of knowledge about medicinal plants people) were interviewed following the "Snow Ball" technique. Women's Group Life Herb, being also in possession of knowledge on medicinal plants were also interviewed. Were cited 96 ethnospecies for medical, according to informants, they are distributed in 44 families, highlighting the Lamiaceae with 11 ethnospecies (11,70%) and Asteraceae, with 7 ethnospecies (7,44%). The most cited grievance is fever, treated with Anador plant having the highest relative frequency of use claim (FRAPS), 100% of the votes, followed with 88% of rue to treat headache. These two plants have potential for more drug to validate their claims folk usage studies. This paper reports the popular wisdom about folk herbal medicine practiced in Quiet neighborhood, Marudá - Marapanim, PA and provides insights for future projects for the development of place productive arrangements with herbal medicines and the use of drugs prepared by Herb Life Group at attention basic health thus inducing the District Place Development in Marudá.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores ambientais para funcionalidade ecológica em florestas secundárias de diferentes idades na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-17) MEDEIROS, Priscila Sanjuan de; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
Currently secondary forests occupy about 25% of the Amazon region, and have received attention for ecosystemic services they provide. Beyond the role in carbon sequestration, soil protection and water sources, secondary forests can shelter an enormous diversity. However, public policies directed to the maintenance of the succession process these forests are required, so that they can contribute with maintenance of biodiversity and environmental services. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ecological functionality of secondary forests of different ages, using as indicators that successional dynamics vegetation, seed bank, soil macrofauna and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The study was developed in areas of primary forest and secondary upland forest of different ages in Caxiuanã National Forest, in the state of Pará. We applied the Chronosequence method which is to the methodology most used for succession studies. 40 areas were selected, with an average size of 0.75 hectares, three areas of primary forest and 37 of secondary forest (capoeira). The time of abandonment these areas varies between 1 and 40 years and all have similar usage history. In each area it was implanted a permanent plot where vegetables individuals were sampled (understory and forest stratum) and where soil samples were taken to evaluate the seed bank and the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In these plots was applied the methodology of Program "Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility" (TSBF) for the sampling of the soil macrofauna and earthworms. Six campaigns were conducted, three in the dry season and three in the rainy season. Were also collected soil moisture data, canopy opening, litter stock, amount of fine roots and soil physicochemical variables (K, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, N, pH, sand coarse sand fine , Silt and clay full). For a better compression of the relationships between biotic and abiotic variables data were analyzed and discussed in an approach continues and other categorical, classifying areas into four groups according to age of the secondary forest (stage 1-0 to 10 years; stage 2 – 11 to 25; stage 3 26 to 40; stage 4 primary forest). Vegetation variables and the life forms present in the seed bank showed strong relationship with the age of the secondary forest. The use of macrofauna as bioindicator demonstrated to be an excellent strategy for monitoring of secondary forests, enabling the conservation of these habitats and the correct management of their resources. Already the density and biomass of earthworms have low relationship with the successional process. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed up to be good indicators in the separation of primary and secondary forest. With this, we have environmental variables of vegetation, seed bank and soil macrofauna that have potential to be used in a quality index of ecosystemic functions in secondary upland forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Instituições públicas e gestão de recursos naturais: um estudo sobre as concessões florestais na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-02) ROSÁRIO, Liliane Ferreira do; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The management of public forests in Brazil is regulated by Law No. 11,284 of March 2, 2006, as a measure to contain the progress of deforestation, foreign exchange evasion and land grabbing, mainly in the Amazon. In this sense, the management of native forests through forest concession intends to improve the capacity of federal, state and municipal governments to manage their forest patrimony by sharing the responsibility of combating land grabbing with the private sector, preventing predatory exploitation of forest resources, promoting their sustainable use and economic development through forest concessions. This dissertation studies the management of public forests through forest concessions in Conservation Units of Sustainable Use located in the Brazilian Amazon in order to know the effectiveness of these forest concessions, object of this study. In general, the questions that supports the research problem of this dissertation are linked to the difficulties encountered by the state in indirectly controlling the behavior of private agents in relation to the use of wood resources in native forests. In order to analyze the financial feasibility of the concessions, the deterministic methods of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to evaluate the quality of the management and to verify the occurrence of illegal exploitation. This study also analysed satellite images from landsat, which were processed to generate the NDFI index. The study started with the following hypothesis: Failures in the implementation of command and control mechanism in these forest concessions, linked to deficiencies in the institutional environment, may affect the environmental and economic performance of the public forests management through the current model of concessions. The results show that the contracted companies, that were part of this study, explored the forest resources beyond what was allowed, it was also reported that only one of the companies participating in the study presented intermediate-quality forest management, the others were classified as forest management of low quality, accepting in this way the hypothesis of study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Parceria enquanto dimensão da governança ambiental para o manejo florestal comunitário na Amazônia: o caso da floresta nacional do Tapajós
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09-25) ESPADA, Ana Luiza Violato; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148
The dissertation deals with the contribution of partnership in the context of environmental governance in community forestry for the management of natural resources and local development in public forests of the Brazilian Amazon. The specific objectives were to understand the mechanisms of partnerships and how they influence the implementation of community forest management in public forests; to understand whether there are uneven power relations in partnerships and what partners do to compensate this imbalance of power and; to analyze the benefits of partnerships on implementation and consolidation of community forest management, proposing recommendations for the pursuit of local development based on the management of natural resources. The theoretical concepts underlying the study are environmental governance, partnerships and local development as these three concepts involve different stakeholders acting synergistically to promote improved quality of life, social wellbeing and sustainable use of natural resources. The methodology focused on a case study of a community-based cooperative that runs forest management in the Tapajós National Forest, West of Pará State. The research results reveal that the community-based forest management was implemented and enhanced by a partnership among different actors, involving government, civil society, enterprise, university and local communities. The results also show uneven power relationships among partners and lack of strategy for partnerships, which weakens the social capital previously established. Yet partnerships contribute to the collective management of forest resources, which is efficient and qualified because it contributes to job generation, income increase, and technical and vocational training of forest dwellers. The community-based forest management model in the Tapajos National Forest is regarded as a national and international reference being the result of the performance of different institutional, political and technical partners. Each partner through its unique expertise providing support for the local development in the West of Pará, Amazônia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade ao fogo de florestas intactas e degradadas na região de Santarém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) COSTA, Carla Daniele Furtado da; PARRY, Luke Thomas Wyn; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3567943056179690; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
The Amazon is constituted today as the largest tropical rain forest remnant and continuous world and home to the largest diversity of plants and animals of all the Earth's biomes, and is critical to maintaining biodiversity. The region has undergone significant changes in recent decades, changes that are resulting mainly from changes in the landscape / vegetation cover, driven by population growth and inappropriate management practices of land, the result of deforestation, fires, changes in agricultural activities, livestock, farm logging, colonization programs, opening of roads and problems landowners. Among these factors, burning and forest fires becomes the most critical problem for the region, for fire management by farmers in most cases is done improperly, escaping control and causing economic damage, social and ecological. Forests that have burned since become more susceptible to new fires, as they become more flammable due to the change in canopy structure, dynamics of relative humidity, air temperature and fine fuel on the forest floor. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the diurnal patterns of flammability of intact and degraded forests in the region of Santarém - PA, area of major changes in land use pattern, with intense agriculture and farming, the region also presents significant number outbreaks of fire. It was observed that intact forests in the region are significantly less flammable than the degraded forests, and edges of degraded forests are more flammable than inside, supported by data on the dynamics of relative humidity and air temperature, humidity and rate of litter opening the canopy. These data were associated with socioeconomic data through interviews, in order to learn how farmers manage the fire, where the results showed that the training of fire management significantly influence the adoption of best practices in use of fire, for example, do not put fire in time critical (between 11 and 15 hours for the study area), making steel, burn against the wind, waiting for the first rain, among others. The size of the property does not significantly influence the proper use of fire, but small farmers are the ones who use it in their productive activities, since this constitutes the cheapest way to clean and prepare the land. In this sense, this paper aims to show the need for investment in research on the flammability of forests, improvement of the analysis of satellites associated with field research as a way to soften and perhaps solve the problem of fires in the Amazon, and contribute to adoption of a policy of encouraging the reduction of burning by farmers, coupled with the use of fire training, access to information technologies and alternatives to fire management.