Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A vida dirige o rio: cem anos de ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no Alto Capim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-17) MEDINA, Gabriel; SHANLEY, Patrícia
In the Brazilian Amazon, the increasing rate of deforestation has prompted the international research community to look for solutions that reconcile conservation and development. Since the late 1980s, researchers throughout the world have explored the role that extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) could have to the well-being of forest dwellers as well as to the environment. This thesis explores the role that NTFPs play in the lives of rural communities in a dynamically changing timber frontier region along the Capim River in the eastern Amazonian state of Pará. As the timber industry advances throughout the Amazon basin, communities located along logging frontiers are increasingly approached to sell the rights to their timber. Such communities consider several aspects to assess the value of forest products. Besides socio-economic and ecological values (real value), there is relative value, which strongly influence the way resources are used. This relative value is based on representations regarding the importance of forest products and on the context in which these representations are formed. To explore this theme, the thesis begins with a historical reconstruction of a caboclo community focusing on forest resource use and dynamics during the last hundred years. For the households within the study communities, timber always represented a natural heritage that could be spent over time. It was the principal product with market value and, during initial timber sales, extraction did not significantly reduce access to other forest products. Therefore, timber resources represented an inheritance with exchange value and little conflicting use. Four socioeconomic factors were identified which influenced communities to sell timber despite the losses in NTFPs that they began to experience over time: 1) paternalistic relationships among buyers and caboclos; 2) difficulties in common property resource management; 3) quick cash gained from timber sales guaranteed access to market products and; 4) expanding market involvement required increased cash to meet increasing needs. To understand the value which communities grant to forest products in their decision-making it is fundamental to identify the real alternatives that NTFPs represent to households and to compare this with other land use options.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste paraense: os sistemas agroflorestais como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) OLIVEIRA, Dimitri Maurício Queiroz de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of two agroforestry (SAF) in the municipality of Tomé First proceeded to the literature of the legal requirements for the use of specially protected areas, then sought to frame the agroforestry systems over an optical environmental and socio- economic, as an instrument of use and recovery of these areas by evaluating the economic returns from two models of SAF observed in Tomé-Açú. For the progress and completion of this study utilize is a documentary research, bibliographical and field research through interviews with local actors production chain in the city of Tome - Açú. The methodology des survey data used for this study was the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. The tabulation of this date, as well as the results of analyzes was performed with concepts economic-mathematical engineering economic evaluation of investment projects through cash flow, NPV, IRR and Rb/c of arrangements. The conclusion discusses the concept of viability-studied arrangements for the current economic scenario of cultures composing the models studied as an alternative source of investment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento da produção agrícola e intervenção social: estudo de caso em uma comunidade da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Mamirauá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-30) NASCIMENTO, Ana Claudeise Silva do; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; COSTA, Maria José Oliveira e Silva Jackson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4079845537461874
This work is the result of an ethnographic study in a small riverside community of the Amazon flooded area, emphasizing its particularities in relation to the use of natural resources. The subject of the analysis was a smallholder agricultural project, which was developed by implementing the results of scientific research on the participatory management of natural resources. Technicians from Mamirauá Institute and the peasants met periodically to evaluate the project’s processes and results. This study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture, enabling an interaction between processes of reflection and action. The main objective of this dissertation is to assess a situation of social intervention directed at the sustained management of agricultural produce in a protected area of flooded forest (Sustainable Development Reserve). This study has indicators which contribute to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture in a small community called São Francisco do Aiucá, enabling interaction between intention/implementation based on the understanding of the results and the evaluation of the social intervention. Using some indicators, built through the use of participatory methodologies, it was possible to analyze changes in the economic activities of São Francisco do Aiucá, and other forms of natural resources use, identifying ways to both diversify the crops and undertake new alternatives for the commercialization of the produce.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empresas madeireiras com certificação florestal e marketing verde: estratégias comunicacionais do grupo Cikel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06-20) PIMENTA, Ana Carolina; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
In the nineties, the politics of forest administration in Brazil started to be determined by the hegemonic speech of the sustainable development. Pressed by environmentalists and other social agents, the companies are guided, through market influences, to reduce the predatory actions to the environment. With that, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) joined the forest industry for the development of an outline of a forestry certification known as the Forest Stewardship Council - FSC, which is destined to improve the forest practices all over the world. In this context, companies with certified areas start to praise the differentiated aspect of its activities, adopting the green marketing as communicational strategy in the search of constructing "a sustainable" image, and in parallel, for new market choices. This work intends to analyze the communication process in companies which adopt practices of Maintainable Forest Handling (MFH) in the Amazonian. Using a case study, we analyze the performance of Cikel Brasil Verde Madeira LTD., which is a company recognized as a true example to be followed. We thought it was pertinent to analyze some of the effective operations, investigate the ideological elaborations about the speech it is possible to preserve, producing. The choice for the Cikel Group is because it is the largest and oldest timber company operating in Amazonia, and because it is one of the pioneers in Brazil to have its forests certified by the FSC. Aided by the theoretical-methodological framework of the Analysis of the Speech, this work searches for understand the formulated and spread speech by the Cikel Group, delineating its institutional identity. In the materialized interdiscursive of the statements, it is possible to identify how the different acting subjects are positioned and how they link the political, economical and ideological components that institute and maintain the institutional partnerships of the company. In conclusion, we made a critical reflection around the common vision which says that the forest certification would be the most legitimate form to get a sustainable use of the forest, what reveals the social aspect weakness in politics of FSC and companies as Cikel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim: mecanismo de ordenamento territorial e de desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA, Patrícia Guedes da; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; PONTE, Tereza Maria Ferreira Ximenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7038744359388670
This thesis aims to understand the effects of the installation of the Conservation Unit of Sustainable Use, National Forest (FLONA) of Jamanxim, located in the Municipality of Novo Progresso, Pará, as a government measure to restrain illegal use of natural resources. The study focused more specifically on changes in the landscape and the life of people living inside the conservation unit (CU), identifying and analyzing the relations they set among themselves, with nature, the government and its various phases, as well as forms of collective actions to defend their interests. During the research, a triangulation of methodologies was made using structured interviews and field observation whose data were systematized and subjected to both Simple and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The results were also subjected to secondary data, such as deforestation (systematized by INPE) and agricultural credit (systematized by the Central Bank of Brazil - BACEN), using Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression to support the analysis. The installation of Jamanxin FLONA caused a socio economic and environmental dynamic transformation inside and around the delimited area, after the limits and criteria were regulated for the sustainable exploration of the natural resources. The results showed a reduction in lumber extraction, cattle raising and services, causing unemployment and migration to large cities, mining and retail/wholesale businesses. The results also showed positive correlation between deforestation and credit and financing between 2003 and 2010, when costing explained 50% of the variations in deforestation rate. Rural producer associations and labor unions mediated the negotiations between government and the local population to halt and/or set new limits for the CU, but mainly for its permanence in the original territory. The data analysis showed that FLONA brought benefits against illegal public land invasions. However, lack of definition concerning the permanence or not of residents inside the CU raises doubts about the future.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo Florestal Comunitário na Amazônia Brasileira: uma abordagem sobre manejo adaptativo e governança local dos recursos florestais em Reserva Extrativista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LIMA, César Augusto Tenório de; SCHMINK, Marianne; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The forest handling developed by communities in Amazonia has practically 20 years of existence and it is still considered unviable in the way that it is conceived nowadays, and their guidelines need to be discussed. The initiatives that exist are subsidized by the public authorities, or private organizations that decide the intensity of field exploration based on legislations directed to a timber extraction business and opposite to the principles and habits of local communities. The work has as objective to analyze, in an integrated way, the adaptive management and local governance, as the approaches that can support community forest management in the Brazilian Amazon. The research was structured from the studies in the RESEX Green Forever, in Pará, seeking, through the trajectory of five communities, to set up the community forest management according to its conditions and needs, making use of the logging resources through traditional practices. The investigation has happened for seven years (2010-2016), using a method based on the observer-participant technique and diagnostic tools of participatory organizational development methodology for the qualitative and quantitative information collection, complemented by bibliographic and documentary research, as well as depth interviews. To analyze the empirical data, it was used a theoretical and methodological framework that met this search, being able to support future research, and a study about forest economical viability to decide if the management plans will get the desired success. The results showed that the RESEX are cultural forests where the family's way of life, their histories and traditions must be recognized. In this logic, the management plans were adapted to the reality of the communities and it is economically viable, as well as the local government was considered the most appropriate arrangement to make the management and use of forest goods, suggesting a system of governance between communities and State that can build a new institutionalism in protected areas. In this context, there is the appearance of the “new common”, described by protagonism and autonomy in decision making and by a network of collaboration among communities that practice extractivism, seeking in collective actions to ensure their human rights and social environmental justice. The community forest management in the Amazon needs to be urgently resignified, which implies a conceptual change that is able to corroborate with simplified laws and public policies adjusted to forest peoples.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia de priorização de atividades para a implementação do plano de manejo de unidade de conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-26) PARISE, Giselle Gouvêa; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
Brazil is one of the world's richest country in biodiversity and in order to effectively protect this biodiversity and other natural resources, Conservation Units (CU) are created with federal, state or municipal jurisdiction. However, creating not only ensures its protection, and for this, it was legally established that they would have a period of 05 years to develop their management plans, the main instrument of planning Unit, which establishes the zoning and standards of the area. The fact is that management plans drawn up are hardly implemented due to various reasons, including: lack of human resources, finance, and preparation not consistent as a working tool applied to the manager because their massive actions to be implemented. In order to optimize the directions of the efforts in UC, this dissertation aims to develop a methodology to prioritize activities to implement the Management Plan for the Conservation Unit, which is composed of identifying the structural variables of the Management Plan, use of AHP method, and refinement of prioritization with universal criteria. In order to check and to improve the methodology, it was performed a case study in the Management Plan of Serra dos Martírios/Andorinhas’s. This methodology proved quite satisfactory, serving with an effective tool to support decision making by managers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para avaliação do grau de sustentabilidade utilizando a lógica fuzzy: aplicação na indústria madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05) LEAL, Maria de Fatima Mendes; MONTENEGRO, André Augusto Azevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; MANESCHY, Carlos Edilson de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3638082762153871
The economic needs of industries as well as the necessity of preservation of the environment require a development of its activities in a way that is environmentally responsible and, consequently, with the proper use of natural resources. The economy of the state of Pará is based on agriculture, livestock and vegetable and mineral extraction being the last one represented, mainly by wood. Certainly, it will contribute to the sustainable use of forest resources, an assessment that quantifies the subsystems environmental, economic and social, that are the basis of sustainability. Studying the segment of improvement and exportation of wood it was used fuzzy logic in a proposed methodology for determining the degree of sustainability that, in this study, may vary on a scale from 0 to 10, quantifying not only the condition of sustainability itself, but also indicating which subsystems or components need to be improved. The determination of public policy for the forestry sector can be performed using the same methodology, since that the necessary legal adjustments are made.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de distribuição de espécies comerciais da flora ameaçadas no estado do Pará: um enfoque sobre as unidades de conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-13) GOMES, Vitor Hugo Freitas; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988
In order to identify potential sites for endangered species conservation were compared distribution models of commercial endangered species of the states of Pará flora, with maps of protected areas in the state, and observe the occurrence of these species within and outside these areas. This study aims to compare distribution models of endangered commercial species of the state of Pará flora, with the maps of protected areas in the state, and observe the occurrence of these species within and outside these areas. Through this comparison objective is to indicate potential sites for conservation of these species. Currently 53 species of the state of Pará flora are threatened with extinction. The species chosen are part of the Conservation Project pau-cravo, castanheira, pau-rosa and and maçaranduba, developed through a partnership between Goeldi Museum (MPEG), Ominia Minerals / Alcoa and Foundation of Research and Development (FADESP). The development of these models was made by the software Maxent 3.3.3, which uses the method of maximum entropy to analyze the data of species occurrence and generate their distribution models. The distribution models show which areas are suitable for the presence of the species, based on data of occurrence, and the characteristics of these sites, composed by environmental variables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas e técnicas agroextrativistas: um estudo de caso com famílias no pólo rio Capim do PROAMBIENTE
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-16) CASTRO, Dulcilene Alves de; MENEZES, Maria de Nazaré Angelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2943083062747137
The sustaintable development program of rural familiar production in tre Amazon- PROAMBIENTE. It has in its purpose alternatives of the use of soils and forests to the familiar production. The Monte Sião comunity situated at São Domingos do Capim municipality participants from PROAMBIENTE was the chosen area to this study which treat of the social-cultural practices associated with production technicals of agroextractivist system of ten families who presented a historical of utilization from biophysic resouces: such as the latex extraction from native rubber trees, wooden timber exploration and intensive systems of agricultural production which from beginning 1990,s started to use the Nonwood forest products PFNM as a diferential element to the reproduction of familiar agriculture while unit of production and consume.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projeto KABEN DJUOI de manejo florestal dos Xicrin do Catete: perspectivas econômicas históricas e político-institucionais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-03-15) INDRIUNAS, Luís Cláudio; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
This work is a study case of the sustainable timber project Kaben Djuoi form indigenous Xikrin do Cateté, located in Southern Pará. The research was based on historical, economical, political and cultural perspectives. One of the aims was identifying social actors who have political or technical involvement with Xikrins reality and, more specifically, are involved in the projects context. Survey, documental and bibliographical research were the bases of the work, wich tries to check the facts through theoretical and practical concepts of sustainable development. Historical and cultural aspects of this ethnical group were described in detail, as well as, geographical and environmental context of the region. About the results, the research tries to show the limitation of the studied project, which has been stopped before the surveys. Details about political behavior of the Xikrin with other institutions, specially the CVRD company and the non-governmental organization ISA, were also described.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quantificação e avaliação de abertura no dossel em áreas de concessões florestais: Mamuru-Arapiuns-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) MORAES, Iranilda Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Amazonian tropical rainforests have historically been the target of non-sustainable land use practices, remain the scars of degradation from predatory logging, indiscriminate use of fire, high rates of deforestation and other activities that interfere in forest biodiversity conservation actions. In this scenario, the State actuation through policies that encourage more sustainable uses is needed, like the forest concession that seeks to contribute to natural resources conservation and maintenance of biodiversity through forest management. The generation of products like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Linear Spectral Mixture Model and Canopy Gap Fraction was done in order to create elements of interpretation and analysis of the canopy openness variable. This research studied the Forest Management Unit I of the Mamuru-Arapiuns lot, west region of Pará state, where canopy openness of this forest concession area was quantified and evaluated through multispectral images and hemispherical photographs to analyze the degradation and quality of the management executed in this area. The results obtained showed that is possible to establish a monitoring process by the use of the sensors and technics applied, once the LSMM data, specially the unmixed image soil showed strong covariance relation with the field data from hemispherical photographs, allowing it to be considered a good warning tool to amazon forests monitoring actions. This way, it is possible to make the management of forests more accessible to the government and non-governmental or private organizations to police the logging actions and aggregate the population that live on these areas, with income opportunities and forest conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regeneração florestal associada a tamanhos de clareiras: implicações para o manejo florestal sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-30) PINTO, Andréia Cristina Brito; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The conviction on the capacity of forest regeneration is one of the backbones of the sustainable forest management in a long term. The performance of the regenerative process, however, depends on the damage intensity of the logging activity, which can be reduced according to science-base interventions on suitable criteria to direct the good practices. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different sizes of logging gaps on forest regeneration. The study was carried out in eastern Amazonia (Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil). We evaluated and monitored links of the regenerative process (e. g., herbivores vertebrate, seed rain, climatic factors) and/or others direct attributes of the regeneration (e. g., plant density, species richness, growth, recruitment, mortality) in two study sites. At Rio Capim ranch, with recent logging, fifteen 1.3 year old logging gaps were selected in an area of 300 ha of reduced impact logged forest and monitored for fifteen months. These gaps comprised three size categories: five small gaps (30-100 m2), five medium gaps (500-800 m2) and five large gaps (> 1.500 m2). At Cauaxi ranch, with old logging activity, twelve 8.5 years old logging gap had the direct attributes of its regeneration evaluated. The size categories were as above, except the larger gaps were smaller (1,000-1,400 m2). Our prediction is that higher species richness will occur in places of intermediary disturbances, in this case, in medium gaps (sensu Connell, 1978). Overall, this hypothesis was not confirmed. In Rio Capim ranch (1.3 year post-logging), although the larger gaps presented the lowest plant richness, the medium gaps were not the richest in species. Larger gaps showed more divergences to closed forest (control), they had higher temperatures, higher density, higher plant height growth, and higher vine growth. In medium gaps, the vines and pioneers species had also higher growth than in closed forest. The small gaps were more similar to closed forest, only differing on its higher pioneer density and growth (except vine growth). Both the seed rain and the impact of the herbivores on regeneration were indifferent to gap sizes, but show dependence on punctual features, such as presence of feeding sources to fauna and to seed production. The old gaps of Cauaxi ranch showed no significant differences among sizes and closed forests. Comparatively, the old gaps had lower density and higher relative species richness than younger gaps. According to our results and their potential implications to forest regeneration, the main recommendation of this study is that large gaps must be avoided. The small and medium gaps congregate more fortunate attributes to the sustainability of the timber management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tipologia do sistema de manejo de açaizais nativos praticado pelos ribeirinhos em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-04-18) AZEVEDO, James Ribeiro de; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872
The Aςaizeiro (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) is one of the main sources of income and consumption for people (local farmer families known as ribeirinhos) living in the municipal district of Belém, State of Pará. They manage the fruit of the aςaizal (aςaí palm trees) and, among the other products, the palm heart, commonly known as palmito. The objective of this study was to identify and classify the different agricultural practices used in the management of native aςaizais. The analysis include a study of the different types of management used by the ribeirinhos with the objective of contributing to the implementation of proposals of management of native aςaizais. The research was undertaken in two main islands in Belém, known as Ilha de Paquetá (Paqueta island) and Ilha Grande (Big Island). The study approach was based on the methodology of the diagnostics of agrarian systems, which involve interviews with both open and closed questions. Twenty-two families from Ilha Grande and thirty-one families from Ilha de Paquetá were interviewed, and the questions involved issues concerning the family, the living environment, patrimony, the agrarian situation, income, techniques used in the management of açaizal and commercialization. Research findings showed that the system of management of native açaizais has gone through three phases. In the first phase, the collection of the açaí fruit is basically for consumption. In the second phase, the palm heart started to be commercialized and the açaí fruit continues to be used for consumption. In the third phase, the actual system of management is oriented to the production of the açaí fruit for commercial and consumption purposes, with the palm heart contributing additional income. Findings from the survey showed that the three main techniques used in the management of açai crop are intensive, moderate and natural cropping (without handling). The intensive 6 handling requires intensive labor in the açaizais and the ribeirinhos income comes basically from the açaí fruit. This type of technique has shown to yield the best overall results. The moderate handling requires less labor in the açaizal and ribeirinhos complement their income from other sources. The natural cropping (without handling) just involves the harvest of the açaí fruit and the ribeirinhos income comes from activities away from the farm.