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Acidentes com animais aquáticos em pescadores artesanais em um município da costa Amazônica: do levantamento ao tratamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-18) SILVA, Patrícia Fernandes da; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
Accidents with aquatic animals may occur whenever men invade the animal’s environment or handle it without proper care. Many studies reported cnidarians, stingrays, catfishes, toadfishes and others as dangerous to man, nevertheless information is scarce and inconclusive for the Brazilian North region. The frequency of accidents is probably high at the Pará state since fisheries is an important activity, although the cases are not adequately registered. Artisanal fisheries are an economic and socially important activity for the coastal municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon and gathers a great number of fishermen. Artisanal fishermen, are thus associated to a great risk of accidents caused by aquatic animals. The present study analyzes the frequency and variability of the occurrence of accidents with aquatic animals on artisanal fishermen, and related to different fishing strategies. It also explores the ethnobiological knowledge about the causative animals, treatment methods and accidents prevention. Data was collected at São Caetano de Odivelas municipality (Pará state), where traditional communities are sustained by artisanal fisheries. A total of 154 interviews were collected, gathering socioeconomic and ethnobiological information about accidents with aquatic animals. Accidents occurred in 98,7% of the interviewers and were associated to the daily labor from artisanal fisheries. Stingrays, catfishes and toadfishes were responsible for the most of the accdients (81,6%), independent from the different fishing strategies. The search for medical care was uncommon after a accident (26,3%) and the recommended medical procedures were no adopted by the fishermen. The number of accidents was higher with a lower scholar level among the fishermen (p < 0,001). In order to reach the artisanal fishermen, a didactical product (a calendar) was developed, with information to aid the avoidance, treatment and procedures after an accident with an aquatic animal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com transportes hidroviários e os extremos meteorológicos no nordeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) SANTOS, Suanne Honorina Martins dos; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
This study analyzed the accidents with waterway transport passengers and cargo in the period 2008 to 2013, as a result of extreme weather occurring in the northeast Amazon, often with serious consequences the structure of vessels and especially the loss of human life. Based on data from the Flagship of the Eastern Amazon Ports, referring to the investigation of accidents facts of navigation, can be characterized in that period these accidents occur more and the distribution of these accidents in time and space, through sub-areas called 1, 2 and 3, where they are ranked the most common accidents in Subarea 1 type shipwreck where the basin of Marajó is located with features of larger rivers, in Subarea 2 and 3 of collision type where the morphological characteristics of rivers are narrower as well, in addition to these results was obtained in relation to rainfall in the rainy season (December to May) as the most responsible for accidents occurring during this period that suffers strong influence of precipitation systems as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Mesoscale Convective Systems, instability lines and vortex of Advanced Levels and the less rainy season (June to December) the wind is regarded as the main variable that causes accidents in the waterway mode, especially during the intensification of the northeast trade winds, which are a free atmosphere of instability, accidents tend to occur more frequently in the time from 12 to 24 hours. Thus, with the precipitation climatology with the National Institute of Meteorology data, one can show through the climatology of the precipitation field of study, decreased quantity of deeper into sub-areas of the continent. The wind in the less rainy period acts with greater intensity in Subarea 1, the highest number of victims focuses on children and adults, mostly with men. It also presented an approach based on the socioeconomic aspects inherent risks of naval vessels with steel hulls and wood, the latter being the reality of the Amazon, which ultimately victims the more people and have more easily collapse structure, thus being potential threat to safety of navigation of cargo and passengers taking into account socioeconomic characteristics, although the vessels with the highest number of accidents has been pushers ferries built in naval steel. In this sense, the primary aid weather forecasting may decrease the favorable conditions for the occurrence of accidents with waterways vessels, because the lack of atmospheric conditions by those who pilot vessels is notoriously poor, because this lack of knowledge the chances of accidents are high, influencing the socioeconomic aspects of passengers and owners of vessels navigating the rivers belonging to the Marajó Bay, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas river, which were the waterways studied in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ações de educação ambiental na sensibilização da qualidade da água para consumo humano no assentamento Palmares, no município de Araguatins, Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-22) LIMA, Lílian Natália Ferreira de; SILVA, Cleber Silva e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7673237583688618
The importance of assessing the quality of water for human consumption is based on the fact that it is one of the main vehicles of infectious diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of the water for human consumption, by means of the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of the water of open and closed wells of the settlement Palmares, Araguatins (TO) and to develop an educational campaign based on the results obtained in the study, based on environmental education. The physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were collected during the period from October 16 to 20 in two wells of the settlement, using the multiparameter probe, turbidimeter, Ph meter, thermometer. The results obtained were compared with the resolution of the Ministry of Health nº 2.914 of 12/12/2011. The analyzed data of the wells of the settlement Palmares indicate that there is change in the behavior of some parameters. These changes were observed in the values of salinity (NaCl) that presented concentrations above the maximum concentrations allowed by Ministerial Order Nº 2.914 of 12/12/2011, the analysis of variance did not recognize the existence of significant differences between the collections of the mean values of the campaigns sampled from all groundwater parameters of the open and closed wells studied, indicating that there were no methodological errors, accepting the null hypothesis. According to Ordinance Nº 2.914/11/MS, results obtained in this study were unfit for human consumption, since the values of salinity, pH and E coli did not meet the potability standards, indicating contamination by organic matter. Still, it is concluded that the families of the palm groves are consuming water outside the potability standards stipulated by the Brazilian legislation and that the improvement of the quality of the water offered goes through the diffusion of sanitation technologies and the use of efficient methodologies for environmental education of the inhabitants of the settlements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ações educativas à proteção e conservação dos mananciais Bolonha e Água Preta do Parque do Utinga.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-28) SANTOS, ALTEMAR PEREIRA DOS; SANTOS, DAVIS CASTRO DOS; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7784257182257171; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-6949
.Faced with the complex environmental context that we experience today, this study proposes to highlight the problem of solid waste in the school environment, considering that basic education institutions are configured as a space for the community, for cognitive and social development, responsible for the formation of their students, and the environment is conducive to the dissemination of awareness for the preservation of the environment. That said, the present research seeks to promote environmental education through the construction of ludic pedagogical teaching material, starting from the problem of urban solid waste. The target audience will be students from the 5th year of Elementary School at the Rotary Municipal School, located in the Condor neighborhood, on the outskirts of Belém-Pa. The aim is, with the applied methodology, to instigate the interest of the students in the issue, to build a competition that can approach the theme in a playful and productive way and, finally. To elaborate an educational product (game script) that can disseminate the proposal to other Institutions
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acúmulo e exportação de carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e metais em canais de maré dos manguezais de Marapanim, Costa Norte Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) MATOS, Christiene Rafaela Lucas de; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
In this study, we assessed the potential of intertidal mudflat sediments along mangrove forest to accumulate and export carbon, nutrients (N and P) and metals (Fe and Mn), in addition to examine the influence of the Amazonian seasonal rainfall patterns on the physicochemical conditions, diagenetic processes and exchange of nutrients and metals along the sediment-water interface (SWI) in intertidal mudflats fringed by pristine mangroves. The study was carried out in the Marapanim River estuarine system (northern Brazil), which is fringed by extensive areas of well-developed mangroves, part of the largest continuous and best preserved mangrove forest in the world, located approximately 200 km from west of the mouth of the Amazon River. The results of this work are presented in two articles. The first deals with the potential of stocks and accumulation of COT, NT and PT in intertidal mudflat sediments, in addition we investigate the potential sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The second assesses the influence of seasonal rainfall pattern on physicochemical properties, the diagenetic processes and the diffusive fluxes of nutrients at the SWI in the Marapanim mangrove creeks. During wet season the salinity values decreased as a consequence of the increase in rainfall, with a dilution-mixing zone in the top sediment (<15 cm). In the dilution-mixing zone, Fe (III) and Mn (IV) reduction are the dominant anaerobic respiratory processes in the sediments. The redox zonation of sediments oscillated in response to the rainfall patterns, with the highest concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in deeper sediment layers during the dry season. Under suboxic conditions, the mudflat sediments act as a source of Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3- to the water column, and these fluxes were driven by rainfall. The results indicated that mangrove-fringed mudflats are quite effective in retaining carbon, nutrients and iron in sediment solid phases than exporting to the coastal waters, while can potentially be a significant contributor to the oceanic Mn cycle. The potential of these mangrove creeks to accumulate these elements is directly related to grain size, sources and susceptibility of OM degradation. In addition, temporal variability in pyrite formation revealed that the solid phase retention mechanisms are also susceptible to seasonal effects, with lower concentrations of chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS, mainly pyrite fraction) during the dry season. Therefore, we show that these seasonal variabilities implied substantial changes of physicochemical properties and the diagenetic processes, affecting the release of metals and nutrients from the SWI and their accumulation in the sediment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adequação de método para avaliação de risco de contaminação ambiental em áreas de estocagem de combustíveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-02-28) CHAVES, Cláudio Cezar Cunha de Vasconcelos; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aerossóis de queimadas e internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-31) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; SILVA, Glauber Guimarães Cirino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4792139391237534; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7603; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
According to WHO, for every four deaths of children under 5 years, one is related to environmental pollution, which is equivalent to 93% of children living in environments with polluted atmosphere worldwide. This research investigated the variability of fires and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children under 9 years of age, in a region deeply marked by changes in land use across the planet, with consecutive years in the ranking of deforestation, followed by fire of forest biomass: the state of Para. Eighteen years of time series of climatic variables, PM2.5, AOD and health were analyzed for two Para municipalities located in regions with very different environmental and social characteristics, through an ecological study of epidemiological character. In general, the two places analyzed showed an increase in the hospitalization rate in the second semester of each year of the historical series, despite Santarem showing high numbers of these records throughout the year. The climate also played an important role in increasing the incidence of respiratory syndromes, because it makes the environment conducive to fire action, however, the results showed that years without significant climatic anomalies can also present high records of fires and PM2.5. When these relationships were analyzed in just one year and with a record of fires, a clearer combination between the investigated variables was found, with good statistical correlation, as well as a surprising and worrying increase in fires in the municipality of Santarem, even surpassing Maraba, a municipality that has always been ahead with the highest values of deforestation, fires and air pollution. Maraba perceives the effects of fires in advance, in general, two months before Santarem, and this situation is explained by the geographic location, degree of forest preservation, response to climatic fluctuations, industrial activity and public policy action. A sample taken from the time series showed that Maraba reaches, at the height of the dry season, attention and emergency levels for PM2.5, thus presenting low air quality. Santarem did not register alarming levels, but daily monitoring detected many days with levels above the permitted level, in accordance with the standards established by environmental legislation. The levels of pollution detected can increase the number of outcomes for respiratory diseases, overloading the state's public health system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Afinidades petrológicas e geocronologia U-Pb em zircão de ortognaisses do Complexo Gnáissico-Migmatítico Água Azul, Terreno Sapucaia, Província Carajás.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-09) PINTO, Eliziane de Souza; OLIVEIRA, Davis Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0294264745783506; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-0472
The Água Azul do Norte area is part of the geological context of the Carajás Province, precisely in the Sapucaia Terrain, according to the recent tectonic compartmentalization proposals presented by the Granitoid Petrology Research Group (GPPG/UFPA). This region is formed by a mesoarchean orthognathic basement with TTG affinity (Água Azul GneissicMigmatitic Complex; 2.93 Ga) associated with late Mesoarchean intrusions with sanukitoid signatures (Água Azul and Água Limpa Granodiorites; 2.88-2.87 Ga), high-Ba-Sr sodic (Nova Canadá Granodiorite; 2.89-2.87 Ga) and high-K calc-alkaline (Boa Sorte Granite; 2.89- 2.85 Ga) signatures. The review of geological and petrographic data indicated that the TTG crust of Água Azul do Norte is compositionally heterogeneous and records strong evidence of progressive metamorphism and migmatization. Therefore, this work reclassifies this TTG basement as being formed by orthogneisses, which occasionally present variations to tonalitic to quartz dioritic compositions that resemble fragments of a more primitive, intensely deformed and gneissified crust. These varieties show compositional banding in an E-W direction, often disturbed by shear bands and drag folds. Considering the classification of migmatites, they have an orthognathic paleosome and leucosomes rich in Qz+Pl±Bt parallel to the banding (stromatic metatexite) and frequentely outlined by mafic aggregates (melanosome rich in biotite and hornblende). They form four compositional varieties: i) hornblende±biotite tonalitic orthogneiss (HBTnl), ii) clinopyroxene-hornblende tonalitic orthogneiss (CHTnl), iii) epidote-biotite orthogneiss quartz diorite (EBQzD) and iv) hornblende-biotite orthogneiss quartz diorite (HBQzD). They present a large proportion of mafic minerals (M'> 15%), especially biotite and hornblende, which can occur slightly stretched along the foliation plane. Plagioclase and secondary quartz are abundant and occur in the matrix or, in the case of plagioclase, as phenocrysts, while alkali-feldspar and primary quartz are practically insignificant. Whole rock geochemical analysis indicated that samples MED-120A (EBQzD) and MEP-53B (HBQzD) present moderately magnesian character, medium-K calcium-alkaline signature, relative depletion in K2O, MgO, Ba, Ni and Cr and enrichment in Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3 and Zr, reflecting a certain affinity with traditional tonalite-trondhjemitic associations. The presence of many zircon crystals with igneous features preserved in these samples marks the crystallization age of the protolith at 3.06 Ga, suggesting that they are crustal fragments approximately 100 Ma older than the underlying crust (Água Azul Orthognathic Complex). MED-144 (HBTnl) exhibited a strongly magnesian character, high-K calcium-alkaline signature, high K2O/Na2O ratio and enrichment in MgO, Ba, Ni and Cr, very similar to the composition observed in sanukitoids. The U-Pb data obtained for this sample indicated a crystallization age of 2.92 Ga, similar to that observed in sanukitoids described in the Ourilândia do Norte region (Arraias Granodiorite). The other samples showed significant contents of compatible elements (e.g. Fe, Mg, Ni, Cr) and moderate contents of incompatible elements (e.g. K, Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr, Ti) and revealed an intermediate behavior between TTGs and granitoids enriched in Mg, as well as a strong affinity with the São Carlos Orthogneiss (2.93 Ga) described in the same terrain. Concordant U-Pb ages obtained for samples MED-95A (HBTnl) and EDC-28B (CHTnl) indicated acrystallization at 2.95-2.93 Ga contemporaneous with the emplacement of the Água Azul TTGs and the São Carlos Orthogneiss. The textural behavior of the quartz and mafic minerals indicates dynamic recrystallization mechanisms at intermediate to high temperatures (~500-650ºC), while the morphology observed in the migmatites (stromatic metatexitic and leucosomes with hydrated minerals) suggests that there was a low amount of melt produced and fluids participation in the partial melting process. Combined with the mineral paragenesis (Pl+Qz+Bt±Hbl±Ep), these factors point to a granitic protolith metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions, with the migmatization being strongly contemporaneous with the deformation and peak of the regional metamorphism described in the Carajás region (2.89 Ga; MED-95A).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alagamento e inundação urbana: modelo experimental de avaliação de risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-18) SANTOS, Flávio Augusto Altieri dos; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This study aimed to develop an experimental model for assessing risk of flooding and flood to Bethlehem, based on the model of digital terrain elevation, the runoff hydrograph and the peak flow of the main drainage channel of the river basin. We used GIS tools to systematize the vector data on the units occupied by buildings, roads and the axis of altimetric quotas to generate a digital terrain model. The development of the system was customized by programming language, aiming to facilitate and simplify the operation of the processing routines of the equations defined for the implementation of the hydrological model. The hydrologic model basin was subdivided into cells of 25m², and each one was given his share of high and calculated their runoff based on the percentage of impermebialização of each. The peak discharge channel was obtained on field trips at two different situations: during rainfall events of high intensity and one without the influence of rain. For these two conditions, it was also evaluated the influence of the tide of the Guamá River on the main channel of the basin. The consistency of the model was found from the sensitivity test performed for each variable used and validated based on data from some rainfall events that was checked by journalistic and photographic records obtained in the field. The results indicate that the applied hydrologic model, and the developed system are efficient and effective to be applied as a tool for risk assessment of flooding and flood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alteração supergênica dos basaltos do Porto Franco-Grajaú-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1985-10-04) VAQUERA VARGAS, Antônio; OLIVEIRA, Nilson Pinto de
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações hidrotermais associadas às rochas máfico-carbonatíticas do depósito de fosfato Serra da Capivara, região de Vila Mandi (PA), extremo sul do Cráton Amazônico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-14) VIEIRA, Danilo Amaral Strauss; FERNANDES, Carlos Marcello Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9442875601862372
Near the border of the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, in the Amazonian Craton, about 90 km west of the Vila Mandi district, Santana do Araguaia (PA) city, there is an unprecedented volcano–plutonism named Santana mafic-carbonatitic Complex. It is formed by a lower maficultramafic member with plutono–volcanic and other volcaniclastic lithofacies; besides an upper carbonatitic member with plutonic, effusive, and volcaniclastic lithofacies originated in a volcanic caldera environment with large areas of hydrothermal alterations and genetically related circular structures. The severe Amazon weathering partially affected this cluster, producing the Serra da Capivara Phosphate deposit supergenically. Although speculative, the Santana mafic-carbonatitic Complex is Paleoproterozoic in age, because it invades the Paleoproterozoic volcano-plutonic sequences Cinco Estrelas and Vila Mandi formations (1980–1880 Ma) and it is capped by sedimentary rocks from the same Era. The lower maficultramafic member has lithofacies with slabs of pyroxenite, and minor isolated metric blocks of ijolite and apatitite. They are medium-grained ceylonite-bearing (MgAl2O4) pyroxenites with augite (~ 90% vol.), magnesio-riebeckite, and olivine crystals replaced by clay minerals (saponite). The ijolite is composed of clinopyroxene and nepheline phenocrysts immersed in a fine-grained groundmass with nepheline, calcite, and interstitial magnetite. Apatitite blocks are composed of medium-grained apatite grains (~ 98% vol.) and calcite. The volcanic rocks of this lithofacies comprise isolated metric blocks of alkali basalt and rare associated outcrops of finegrained apatitite. This basalt rock presents plagioclase-rich groundmass and acicular augite phenocrysts as essential mineralogy. Aphyric samples have primary spherules filled with calcite and quartz, besides interstitial pyrite, iron oxides, apatite, barite, rutile, celestine, and monazite. This textural feature suggests silicate and carbonatitic melts immiscibility process. An explosive to autoclastic mafic volcaniclastic lithofacies encompasses poor sorting deposits of massive polymictic breccia, lapilli-tuff, crystal-rich tuff, and ash tuff. The autoclastic rocks reveal volcaniclastic texture comprising centimetric angular clasts sourced from autofragmentation of the mafic-plutonic plutono–volcanic lithofacies. Epiclastic sedimentary volcanogenic deposits usually cover all previous lithofacies. The upper carbonatitic member reveals coarse-grained carbonatite (sövite) lithofacies comprising reddish-yellow sövite (calcite carbonatite) composed of subhedral to euhedral calcite (85–90% vol.), with variations to magnesium-ferriferous calcite and dolomite. Primary accessories are magnetite, hematite, potassic feldspar, and pyrite. These lithotypes show hydrothermalized medium- to fine-grained carbonatite veins. Rare coarse-grained apatitite bodies occur associated with this lithofacies, which represents part of the proto-ore. An effusive carbonatite (alvikite) lithofacies reveals finegrained calcite-rich (80–85% vol.) to porphyritic alvikite, besides hematite, magnetite, potassic feldspar, and pyrite. Fragment-rich explosive carbonatitic volcaniclastic lithofacies encompassing poor sorting and texturally variable massive crystal-rich tuff, lapilli-tuff, and massive polymictic breccia formed by angular clasts sourced from host rocks and the complex. Syenitic stocks and dikes invade these rocks. The main hydrothermal magmatic alteration of the complex is represented by hydrothermalized carbonatitic rocks of reddish, brownish, and yellowish colors. The mineral paragenesis found was barite + fluorapatite + dolomite ± quartz ± rutile ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± monazite ± magnetite ± hematite. This alteration occurs in three distinctive ways; 1) in the deeper zones, where the minerals found were barite, fluorine apatite, and dolomite in pervasive to fracture-controlled alteration associated with deep fine carbonatites. 2) In the sövite, of weak interstitial form with mineralogy similar to the deep alterations. 3) in the alvikite with intense interstitial changes and formation of hydrothermal quartz associated with barite, fluorapatite, dolomite, monazite, celestine, and rutile. The mineral assemblage of the deeper alterations suggests initially sulphate-rich, magnesium, phosphorus, and CO2 fluids with possible transitional source between the late magmatic and the hydrothermal stages. In transition to more superficial phases of the volcanism, there was an assimilation of SiO2 from the country rocks evidenced by the formation of fine interstitial quartz crystals in alvikite. The interpreted environment of volcanic caldera occurs in the interception of regional NE-SW and NW-SE faults with up to 40 km of extension and that served as deep conduit of the precursor magma of the complex. The root of the system is represented by maficultramafic rocks and plutonic carbonatites. The pre-caldera phase involved intense degasification and hydrothermal activities as a function of magmatic evolution, and ascending by lithic faults and placing on the surface of large volume of carbonate lava (alvikites) that built the extinct volcanic building. The collapse of this structure and the topographic landslide coincided with explosive volcanism and formation of the volcanoclastic lithotypes, representing the intra-caldera filling. The late syenites may represent the post-caldera phase and sealing of these structures. The hydrothermal paragenesis identified in the Santana maficcarbonatitic Complex shows important metallogenetic potential for rare earth elements and phosphate and represents a prospective guide on Proterozoic terrains of the Amazonian Craton, like other areas of the planet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alvo Borrachudo, Serra dos Carajás (PA): rochas ígneas ricas em magnetita e apatita com mineralizações de sulfetos associada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-05-25) FARIAS, Edielma dos Santos; VILLAS, Raimundo Netuno Nobre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406458719432983
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ambiente deposicional, composição mineralógica e estudo isotópico Pb-Pb das zonas sulfetadas do Alvo São Martim, Cinturão Araguaia, sul do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-07-07) LIMA, Aderson David Pires de; VILLAS, Raimundo Netuno Nobre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406458719432983
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ametista de Pau d' Arco e Alto Bonito no Pará e a do Alto Uruguai no Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1998-03-23) CASSINI, Carlos Tadeu; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contribuição da pecuária bovina nas mudanças de uso da terra: uma abordagem multiescala no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) THALÊS, Marcelo Cordeiro; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
Brazilian Amazon has gone through a number of different economic cycles linked to the exploitation of natural resources, integrated with global markets, which have intensified since the 1960s, most recently through the ongoing expansion of agribusiness. During this process of territorial construction, land use changes have occurred heterogeneously in both space and time, with mechanisms operating at a number of different scales. The present study analyzes the shifts in land use and the contribution of cattle ranching to the process of territorial construction based on monitoring methods and indicators applied at varying scales, from the local to the regional, as a contribution to territorial management. In the Brazilian state of Pará, the study was based on the diachronic cartography of the pioneer fronts, which was used to represent and delimit the regional contrasts among these fronts. The relationship between these pioneer fronts and the dynamics of the deforestation process was also analyzed, by period, between 2002 and 2017, which allowed the territories to be classified as (i) consolidated, in which ranching is being intensified, (ii) expanding, in which the fronts are used as a strategy of occupation, and (iii) areas free of deforestation. In the municipality of Paragominas, located in a territory undergoing consolidation, the landscape dynamics were analyzed by superimposing the maps of land use with those of the agricultural aptitude of the land and the distance to the principal highways, with the aim of developing a model for the restoration of the landscape. The local landscape dynamics can be divided into two principal systems of land use, one that is based on the expansion of the pasture in valleys with sandy soils, and the other, based on mechanized farming, which is currently expanding on the clayey plateaus. The analysis of these two systems provided three important insights for the eventual restoration of the landscape. The first point is that the intensification of land use increases the pressure on the forests, principally in the areas most adequate for farming. The second is that the intensification of land use frees up areas that are inadequate for mechanization, and could potentially be used for the restoration of the forest. The third point is that local governance should be employed to define spatially explicit policies capable of transforming the landscape. In the areas sampled, in southeastern Pará, observations were conducted at specific points for visual description of the characteristics of the pasture, which were used to construct a typology of the process of pasture degradation. When this pasture typology is related to the vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI-2, NDII-5, NDII-7) extracted from Landsat 7 (ETM+) images, it can be noted that the well-formed pasture, which is associated with a reduction in the cover and height of the vegetation, was also related to a reduction in the vegetation indices. In degraded and degrading pasture, there was a lack of precision in the differentiation of the well-formed pasture. The degraded pastures or those undergoing biological degradation were identified better, but still imprecisely in comparison with the well-formed pasture with low vegetation cover, whereas the pasture undergoing agricultural degradation was confused with the well-formed pasture with a medium to high percentage of vegetation cover. This approach has considerable potential for the monitoring of areas of pasture, but needs to be refined. The analyses at different scales reflect the importance of understanding shifts in land use during the process of territorial construction, with the primary objective of transforming this knowledge into an easily-understood diagnostic tool that should facilitate adequate decision-making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da transição do regime de fogo na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) TAVARES, Paulo Amador; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-2341; BARLOW, Bernard Josiah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8559847571278134
The Amazon biome has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover, and it is also being affected by global climate change. Consequently, the fire occurrence has become more frequent in the Amazon. Therefore, it is important to understand how the fire regime in this region occurs and its interactions with land use and climate. For these reasons, this study analyses the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter 1, we investigated the temporal fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon, considering changes in land use and forest cover. We collected annual data on fire occurrence, forest cover, deforestation rates, and soybean cultivation areas. Generalized linear mixed models and linear models were used to analyse the data and identify the key factors influencing this transition. We found that there is a fire transition process in the forest, and a quadratic model provided a better prediction of fire occurrence behaviour. Furthermore, the peak of fire occurrence is shifting towards more forested landscapes over time. Deforestation rates and the expansion of cultivation areas were found to be related to this transition, with deforestation having a greater impact on fire occurrence and cultivation expansion being more relevant in predicting the transition to more forested areas. In Chapter 2, we investigated the fire transition in forest landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to understand how this transition occurs and which variables best explain the process. We used Latent Trajectory Analysis (LTA) and generalized linear mixed models to identify latent trajectories representing different patterns of land use over time. Two main latent trajectories were identified: the "Consolidated" trajectory, characterized by a longer history of deforestation, and the "Transition" trajectory, characterized by a more recent land occupation pattern. Forest cover and deforestation were the main predictors of forest fires in both trajectories, followed by water deficit. Mechanized agriculture did not show significant influence on either trajectory. An increase in burned forest areas was observed from 2015 onwards in both trajectories. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with land use changes and forest cover. They underscore the need to develop public policies that strengthen forest cover through initiatives like forest restoration and reduce deforestation in the Amazon region to ensure biodiversity conservation and carbon stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da transição do regime de fogo na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) TAVARES, Paulo Amador; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; BARLOW, Bernard Josiah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8559847571278134
The Amazon biome has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover, and it is also being affected by global climate change. Consequently, the fire occurrence has become more frequent in the Amazon. Therefore, it is important to understand how the fire regime in this region occurs and its interactions with land use and climate. For these reasons, this study analyses the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter 1, we investigated the temporal fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon, considering changes in land use and forest cover. We collected annual data on fire occurrence, forest cover, deforestation rates, and soybean cultivation areas. Generalized linear mixed models and linear models were used to analyse the data and identify the key factors influencing this transition. We found that there is a fire transition process in the forest, and a quadratic model provided a better prediction of fire occurrence behaviour. Furthermore, the peak of fire occurrence is shifting towards more forested landscapes over time. Deforestation rates and the expansion of cultivation areas were found to be related to this transition, with deforestation having a greater impact on fire occurrence and cultivation expansion being more relevant in predicting the transition to more forested areas. In Chapter 2, we investigated the fire transition in forest landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to understand how this transition occurs and which variables best explain the process. We used Latent Trajectory Analysis (LTA) and generalized linear mixed models to identify latent trajectories representing different patterns of land use over time. Two main latent trajectories were identified: the "Consolidated" trajectory, characterized by a longer history of deforestation, and the "Transition" trajectory, characterized by a more recent land occupation pattern. Forest cover and deforestation were the main predictors of forest fires in both trajectories, followed by water deficit. Mechanized agriculture did not show significant influence on either trajectory. An increase in burned forest areas was observed from 2015 onwards in both trajectories. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with land use changes and forest cover. They underscore the need to develop public policies that strengthen forest cover through initiatives like forest restoration and reduce deforestation in the Amazon region to ensure biodiversity conservation and carbon stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Guamá e suas interfaces climáticas e socioambientais em São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) MARINHO, Eduardo Ribeiro; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da resiliência socioecológica em um projeto de assentamento convencional do sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) CARVALHO, Alderuth da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
Southeastern Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, is known as the agricultural frontier and scenario of numerous land conflicts. In the same region, under the agrarian reform policy, the federal government implemented some 500 Settlement Projects (SP). Among them, stands out the Conventional Settlement Project "26 de Março", in the municipality of Marabá-Pará. This SP, result of the process of occupying almost 10 years of encampment in Farm Cabaceiras, was formally created in 2009. Its organicity is managed by the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and is the pioneer settlement with environmental license. Taking as reference the social and environmental relations that influence each other, we characterize rural settlements as socioecological systems, which, inserted in the debates about sustainability in the Amazon, allow us to apply the theory of resilience. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioecological resilience of the conventional settlement PA "26 de Março". To help us in this analysis, we chose to use the methodology of resilience indicators, composed of two dimensions, four components and 14 indicators that received scores of 1 to 5 (one to five). These indicators made up the questionnaire that guided the interviews applied between September and October of 2017 to a sample of 20% of the owners of lots occupied in PA "26 de Março", Marabá. Responses were interpreted to identify which punctuation they indicated. The scores provided us with subsidies to find out which components represented fragility or potentiality for socioecological resilience of the housing nuclei (Núcleo de Moradia) of the settlement, besides enabling us to make a categorization test of the socioecological resilience level of the settlement as a whole. The results showed that, at the "Núcleo de Moradia" level, the "knowledge, learning and innovation" component represents a negative trend towards resilience for all "núcleos de moradia", as well as for the settlement as a whole. On the other hand, we perceive as potential of strengthening of the resilience the component "Organicity and infrastructure". According to the resilience categorization, the PA is considered with level of socioecological resilience "Reasonable". This result indicates a threshold between the fragility and the potential for strengthening socio-ecological resilience. In this way, we consider immediate training / qualification actions for the settlers, as well as the promotion and / or strengthening of social technologies aimed at respecting biodiversity and peasant family farming. We conclude that socioecological resilience thinking is pertinent and allows us rich debates on the way of understanding socioecological systems, such as rural settlements in the Amazon.
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Análise da sustentabilidade e do potencial de implantação de uma reserva da biosfera no Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-13) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The sustainable development agenda has emerged as a new paradigm associated to the relationship between economic growth and the use of natural resources. Inasmuch, its assumptions should guarantee for future generations the balance between the processes of nature and society. The Man and Biosphere Program, launched in 1971, has been considered as one of the most important biological conservation programs of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The strategy of creating Biosphere Reserves (RB) has moved the scope from global policy to local implementation projects. These units have since 2008 taken on the task of consolidating pristine areas in the construction of sustainability, combining natural landscapes with sustainable use through the participation of local populations. In this context, this interdisciplinary research analyzed the environmental and economic conditions of the municipalities of Marajó, Pará, applying the tool Barometer of Sustainability (BS). In addition, such results were used in the analysis of the challenges for the implementation of a Biosphere Reserve in the Marajó. Of the municipalities that make up the Marajó territory, 13 were pointed as potentially unsustainable, and the remaining three fell within the intermediary range of sustainability. According to the Barometer of Sustainability scale, all municipalities demonstrated critical socio-environmental conditions, creating an additional challenge for the implementation of the Biosphere Reserve due to such development background.