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A ciência do direito como uma ciência humana: estudo sobre os fundamentos filosóficos e jurídicos do processo de autonomização epistemológica da Ciência do Direito de Hans Kelsen
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-29) MARTINS, Ricardo Evandro Santos; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The paper explains the philosophical foundations of the process of autonomization of the Hans Kelsen‟s Legal Science. The studies are focused on the debate about the epistemological foundation of the Human Sciences and how this influenced the Pure Theory of Law. The objectives are: a) investigate how the nineteenth-century debate about the epistemological foundation of the Human Sciences influenced the formulation of the kelsenian Legal Science; b) to study what are the legal and philosophical assumptions of the Kelsen‟s Pure Doctrine of Law c) to know what would have been the contributions of the Master of Vienna in this quest for reasons for give autonomy to Legal Science from Natural Sciences. Thus, the first Chapter discusses the Philosophical Positivism of August Comte and John Stuart Mill. The second Chapter introduces the movement of Neo-kantianism since Adolf Trendelenburg until the Marburg School. The third Chapter wants to know about the Philosophy of Wilhelm Dilthey and how He tried to make a "Critique of Historical Reason", as well as reasons for the Human Science comprehensive method. The fourth Chapter talks about the Neo-kantianism of the School of Baden, especially the Heinrich Rickert‟s Philosophy, explaining mainly the Principle of the worlds and The Principle for the concept-formation. The fifth Chapter deals with the formation of the tradition of legal positivism of the nineteenth century, especially the Germanic world. And finally, the sixth and last Chapter deals with the refutation by Kelsen to the Thesis of Gerber, Laband and Jellinek, and also, this finally chapter talks about the "the two methodological limits" of his Pure Doctrine of Law that, in the end, it can respond: yes, Kelsen did the Science of Law as Human Science, but not the same way as Rickert and other philosophers who discussed this topic since the nineteenth century. Kelsen was defending the idea of a Normative and Autonomous Legal Science that presupposes the postulate of axiological Relativism.
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Contributos hermenêutico-filosóficos para uma fundamentação ética dos direitos humanos: a epocalidade e o cotidiano sob o pensamento de Heidegger e Gadamer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-01) AROUCK, João Henrique Vasconcelos; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The present work develops some essential issues of philosophical hermeneutics as a way to fundament human rights in its ethical determination. The discussion is conducted as a hypothesis to face two problems: the representational model of the contemporary scientia juris and its methodologized way of interpretation may not fundament human rights in its proper reason of being. Still, as a consequence, these two problems might be seen as one of the causes to a “rational” but innocuous criticism about human rights as well. Therefore, the philosophical sense of the quotidian – of the “common” – is here discussed as a proper way to analyze the practical routine of law´s everyday interpreters as a pragmatic way to justify the need for human rights in a contemporary law practice. To discuss it, the thematic of intuition is here worked in its existential basis: so, in that way, human rights can be apologized as a substantive part of our intuitions about what is the most fair. Moreover, these fundamental rights can be even thought as a practical way to find out, normatively, the best right – the best law for our epoch. Heidegger leads us to investigate human rights as a necessary event for our time by its ethical significance. In other words: these rights constitute part of the movement of our being-with in its symbolic and suggestive significances. Gadamer help us to interpret that radical philosophical way by hermeneutic terms: to the law reality that idea can be seen as a re-turn to some lost concepts of our humanistic culture. With Gadamer we still can affirm that law is a practical “philosophy” in its most fundamental determinations. Therefore, the Greek disposition for the phronésis is, nowadays, a proper way to see human rights as an ethical manifestation for the best, for the most fundamental goods. Still through the philosophical hermeneutic ideas, we conclude the work with a more specific discussion about the relations between our intuitions, convictions and our pre-conceptual structure which determines the worldness of our concepts into Law´s social practice.
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Desacordos teóricos na filosofia do direito contemporânea: a influência da filosofia da linguagem no debate Hart-Dworkin e a tentativa de sua superação através da teoria dos planos de Scott Shapiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-08) RODRIGUES, Filipe Augusto Oliveira; MATOS, Saulo Monteiro Martinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1755999011402142
This work has as general objective to analyze the influence of philosophy of language on the Hart – Dworkin Debate and the overcoming tried by the planning theory of Scott Shapiro, focusing the theoretical disagreements. This objective is always sought by the mixture of two elements. In the first place, the exploration of the existing arguments in legal theory. Secondly, the relation of these arguments to those presented in fields of general philosophy. Our hypothesis is that the study of this debate and relationship show us that Dworkin's theory of disagreements is the best explanation of the problem, but at the same time the opposing theories chosen are using several methodological elements that represent advances that have been made in general philosophy, such as the perspective of the plans proposed by Michael Bratman. We attempt to demonstrate this hypothesis through the principal analysis of four authors and their influences, namely Ronald Dworkin, H.L.A. Hart, Jules Coleman, and Scott Shapiro. Through this analysis we hope to demonstrate how the foundations of the proposed theories have been changing the focus from philosophy of language to other fields and which is the state of legal theory with this advance. As result, we defend the point that the hypothesis is right and even without the best explanatory capacity, the new theories of law need to be better analyzed and their earnings better considered.
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Ecofilosofia: do antropocentrismo ao ecocentrismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1998) SILVA, Ricardo Albuquerque da; MATTOS NETO, Antonio José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4719479439779242
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A formação do Brasil pela legislação: análise e crítica da utopia burocrática colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) SIMÕES, Sandro Alex de Souza; MAUÉS, Antonio Gomes Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100632338260364
This present dissertation try to establish questions upon a state-oriented model of brasilian historical analysis, beginning to the State real bounds in introducing a project of civilization to Brasil explicited on Lisbon' legal production. Compare the modern State concept and the politics those inspired the seaborne expansion and the brasilian colonization.
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A fragmentação moral moderna: crítica e alternativas a partir da ética das virtudes de Alasdair Macintyre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) LIMA, Lucas do Couto Gurjão Macedo; VAZ, Celso Antônio Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0547983721448176
Modern moral debates are characteristically marked by the impossibility of reaching a rational solution to the issues in dispute, so that we are deprived of any mechanisms for the solution of these controversies. Although this situation of incommensurability may be understood as an intrinsic element of moral argumentation, the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre perceives this as a particularly modern element, the consequence of a succession of historical and philosophical causes that lead us to this situation, which could be remedied through a proper understanding of the situation. The present work, therefore, proposes to investigate in what way this specific understanding of MacIntyre on the current state of morality sheds light on its main problems, clarifying them, as well as what are the alternatives that arise from its own theoretical elaboration, specifically that contained in the core of his philosophical work usually denominated as the After Virtue Project. Through the analysis of the central works of his philosophical project and through the writings of his main commentators, we seek to investigate the central elements of the author's theory, inquiring how his insights can provide suitable elements for, if not a perspective of possible solution of the problem, at least contribute to the enrichment of philosophical debates on moral and political issues. It is concluded that MacIntyre presents a strong and robust understanding of the state in which modern morality finds itself, as well of the causes responsible for this which have lead us to a state of disorder, fragmentation and incommensurability, while also offering a radical, innovative, instigating and highly controversial alternative, which is derived from his particular understandings of classical philosophy.
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Hermenêutica como diálogo e a redução da arbitrariedade judicial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) TAXI, Ricardo Araujo Dib; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This paper addresses the question of the degree of indeterminacy in interpretation and application of law. Based on the hermeneutical notion that understanding a general advance is always a creative act of deliberation, we seek to show that this deliberation has always included in it a margin of arbitrariness, which must, rather than be overcome or criticized, be understood from the concrete needs of the law, not by an alleged adequacy standards previously set. Thus, reducing the arbitrary proposal is not based on a previous theoretical framework to guide the "correct"interpretation, but from a notion of dialogical hermeneutics, in which legal arguments are no longer understood as a purely logical and abstract ideas and are always being evaluated against a case, in a dialectical relationship with the direct antagonistic theses, and especially with the tradition that is coming up through that interpretation.
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A hermenêutica dos direitos humanos e a diversidade cultural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-08) LOUREIRO, Viviany Almeida; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This paper assumes that human rights not yet acquired the desired universality, being necessary for both the meeting arrangements that make possible a global protection of the right to liberty, equality and fraternity expressed in legal texts as the Universal Declaration of Human humans. To do so presents an analysis of the context in which it appears the search for a code of standards valid worldwide and, with the overall context, emphasizes the prevailing multiculturalism, which is taken as the main factor to be taken into account in implementing this project. Given this reality are two proposals: the hermeneutics of analog-iconic Mauricio Beuchot criticism and hermeneutics Joaquín Herrera Flores, both committed to respecting the dignity and human diversity. The way ideas are developed that shows the meeting points are identified with the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer, as well as the thinking of many scholars of human rights in multicultural contexts. Such coincidences suggest the existence of a new trend hermeneutics grounded in consideration of tradition and historicity of the subject, upon redemption of Aristotelian ethics and practice of dialogue, which reveals in its structure an operation that resembles the game that involves the hermeneutic Gadamer's philosophical, understanding that grasps the truth of the artwork.
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Hermenêutica filosófica: um novo paradigma para a universalidade dos direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-07-01) LEITE, Ismael Lima; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The present work has its focus in the need to formulate a new pattern of universality towards Human Rights, in the sense of trying to build a truly global ethos, without any hegemonic or coactive presumptions, regularly used as a means to conform this kind of normalization, which rests under an abstract rationalism that isolates the individual from the world, or even canons of modern science’s methodology, poorly brought into humanities. To analyze Kant´s Solipsism and its formal aspects of deontological universality, which deny valorative dignity to tradition and create a cognitive individual divinity, as well as the epistemic intents of positivist’s reductionism logic on behalf of the occident’s and capitalism’s hegemony, as means of ideologic domination, making the mercantilist interests seen legitimate. These are challenges to be overcome by the ontologic and philosophical hermeneutics, which calls upon humankind onto its sense of finity, casting it into the world in order to, once in the world, remember the necessary friendship and solidarity, the only praxis capable of building an ethical sense for all humankind: live as if you were me.
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Lei e liberdade na ADPF 130: uma leitura da decisão a partir de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-27) MASCARENHAS, Diego Fonseca; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This thesis aims to analyze critically the judged case of ADPF 130 over the light of Hannah Arendt’s political thought, for this thesis leads the discussion of the meaning of reputable press in the promotion of freedom of expression, as it can make effective the principle of publicity in the public sphere. Arendt’s thought contributes to critically evaluate the rationality of the Brazilian Judiciary in the decision of ADPF 130 because Judiciary claims doubtfully that the press has a forming public opinion democratic role and that any law to regulate media activity implies an immediate falling into the risk of censorship. Chapter 1 summarizes the arguments proposed in the ADPF, in order to show that the votes of ministers are mostly based on general conceptions of liberalism and its consequences in the performance of the press in brazilian democracy. Then, the beginning of chapter 2 outlines the main characteristics of Arendt’s political thought in The Human Condition and in Origins of Totalitarianism. These descriptions were presented to place these works in the political tradition of western political thought, exposing the general contours of its political system, characterized by vita activa and doxa, by the function of the law and by the distinction between public and private domain. In its final part, chapter two analyzes the expressions of Arendt`s thought about the free speech and the meanings of ideal press in this situation. The aim is to test her political thought in practical elements, verifying its applicability in face of the concrete reality of the decision that revoked the press law. Chapter III puts Arendt's thought in the political tradition of the Western world. Arendt highlights when political freedom, manifested between the capacity and the will, dissociates, producing obstacles to the emergence of doxa in the acting in concert, among men. Thus, mistakenly, politics becomes, apparently, nothing more than an old truism to ensure freedom. In this context, it is understood that the press is conceived by the majority of the votes of the ministers, with the role of forming public opinion because, implicitly, they consider us living in a democracy where men do not participate effectively of public life.
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Parâmetros para justiciabilidade do direito social à saúde: o caso do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-26) FERREIRA, Gabriela de Cássia Moreira Abreu; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216
From the health care judicialization debate and their budgetary and public policies planning impacts, the research works on the assumption that the Judiciary should seek rational criteria in this kind of demand, proposing parameters for this task; also seeking to restore the balance between individual and collective aspects of health rights. Therefore, a constitutional and health law approach is presented, under the evidence-based medicine paradigm. The Brazil Federal Supreme Court jurisprudence on health social right is exposed and systematized, emphasizing the Public Hearing held in 2009 in this Court. Seeking to understand how and if this latest debate found echoes in regional and local reality, Pará State Court of Justice cases, tried between 2008 and 2011, were searched and compared with the previous analysed Federal Supreme Court jurisprudence; also exposing the demands’ characteristics from the following criteria: author species, legal representation, disease, applicants’ profile, demand results (and others), as well as the main arguments presented by the authors, defendants and judges. From our survey, specific health right justiciability parameters are proposed, influenced by Ronald Dworkin’s law as integrity theoretical framework, restoring the integration between public subjective right and collective right, as complementary nature to the right to health.
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A questão da superveniência do direito no Marxismo jurídico brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-20) SOUZA, Nathalia Karollin Cunha Peixoto de; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
Having found two general opposing poles of Brazilian legal Marxist theory, we sought to analyze which of these two positions had a greater consonance with the theory developed by Marx. In this respect, the two divergent groups of Brazilian thought diverged under one fundamental aspect: law's superposition or not over capitalism. If the greater divergence between the two groups is the matter of whether or not law is supervening, or, what amounts to the same, if the greatest divergence between them is the question of whether or not the legal form is specific, we can conclude as a consequence that the touchstone of legal Marxist analysis boils down to whether Marx's theoretical work goes either along the lines of assigning an instrumental revolutionary role to law or, on the contrary, if Marx had actually attributed a conservative role to Bourgeois order to the legal form. As a response to the problem, after the analysis of Marx's work, it was possible to conclude that law is a social form that arose pari passu to the birth of the universal circulation of goods; The universal circulation of commodities, in turn, only became possible with the capitalist mode of production; Therefore, law was only possible with the establishment of capitalism. In this sense, it becomes possible to deduce that law is a specificity of the bourgeois system. In this way, the thesis of law's non-superposition has been confirmed. Communist right is, given these conclusions, unthinkable. Finally, as representatives of these two groups of opposing views on the theme of Marxism and law in Brazil, we opted to analyze the work of Lyra Filho, as a representative of the position in defense of the thesis of the superposition of law, as well as opting to study, as representatives of the opposing group, the works of Naves, Mascaro and Kashiura Jr.
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Razão prática e o bem humano básico do casamento: lei natural, bem comum e direito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) PEREIRA, Dienny Estefhani Magalhães Riker; PINHEIRO, Victor Sales; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0416222855469529
Analyzing current political and legal debates concerning family law, we find at its core a much controversial and rich dialogue regarding the concept and characteristics of marriage. A dialogue which has been much impacted by the New Natural Law Classical Theory’s arguments grounded in a reinterpretation of practical reason and marked, amidst other elements, by a rejection of the restrictive humenian conception of human reason. Nevertheless, this position is still scarcely known in Brazil with limited bibliographical material in Brazilian language. Baring this in mind, the goal of this work is to present the neoclassical doctrine on marriage as a basic human good contextualing it within the broader scope of practical reason, and applying some elements of political philosophy and jurisprudence. The research is all based on bibliographical material, specially the works of John Finnis, Germain Grisez and Robert George. Marriage, notwithstanding, has been particularly analyzed in Finnis’ thought. This dissertation is organized in three main axes, which are equivalent to each of the three chapters here presented: firstly, we present the New Natural Law’s metaethical and normative foundations, which, being the most fundamental basis of the arguments thereafter, is also the most dense chapter; secondly, we analyze the doctrine of marriage as a basic human good particularly in Finnis’ thought; finally, we discuss possible unfolding conclusions, problems and responsibilities to political community and legal reasoning.
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Violência e estado de exceção na Amazônia brasileira: um estudo sobre a implantação da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte no rio Xingu (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) NASCIMENTO, Sabrina Mesquita do; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The present thesis analyzes the violence of the implantation of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant as the mechanism that produces the "fait accompli", constituting itself as a fact of the structure of the project. The State of Exception, according to the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, is our interpretive key to understand the violence in Belo Monte, but our reflection also has the theoretical support of Pierre Bourdieu and his propositions about Symbolic Violence in the scope of state power . From this theoretical construction, it is defined that the thesis is directed to the understanding of the actions of government that made possible, especially the most recent ones. We operate such categories of analysis by observing how the production of consecutive illegalities exceeded the control system imposed on the licensing and implementation of the hydroelectric plant. Next, we focused on the suspension measures of the rules that ensured that irregular acts engendered during the environmental licensing and construction of the plant were disregarded. With this movement of analysis, we show how Belo Monte reveals the authority of political decision-making, which is present not only in the decision-making process itself, but also in legal rites, in the issuance of environmental licenses, and in judicial decisions that confirm the suspension of the norm as validity of that decision. The consequent production of an anomie zone in Belo Monte is what enables the continuous violation of rights practiced during the implementation of the project, which is projected in reality through various types of violence against the environment and the people of the Xingu.