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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro não é tudo: a expansão da monocultura da soja sobre os territórios quilombolas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The Amazon biome has undergone intense transformations in the last two decades, primarily due to the advancement of agriculture. In this regard, the current Federal Constitution recognizes quilombola communities as cultural groups with the right to the demarcation of their lands. However, in the Amazon, this right has been threatened by the expansion of agribusiness. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is how the dynamics of land use and land cover affect the territories belonging to traditional populations and conservation units. Additionally, the influences of the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB), Soy Moratorium, and Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on the expansion of soybean cultivation in the region were investigated. This study focused on the municipalities of Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém-PA, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In addition to the municipalities, the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and the quilombos (traditional Afro-Brazilian communities) present in the municipality of Santarém were also analyzed, including Murumurutuba, Bom Jardim, Maria Valentina, Arapemã, Tiningu, and Murumuru. Mapbiomas data from the period 2000 to 2019 were used for the analysis of the region's images. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodologies were employed to describe the interaction among the actors involved in the expansion of soybean production in the Santarém Plateau region. Fuzzy Logic was used to describe the data derived from questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources. The analyses conducted revealed significant deforestation in the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra due to the expansion of soybean production and pasture, which has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the Forest Code and the soy moratorium, allowing producers to advance with soybean production in the Amazon. Furthermore, it was observed that the expansion of soybean cultivation is driven by a series of public and private investments in infrastructure, particularly in road and highway construction, port development, and subsidies to large-scale farmers. In the Santarém Plateau region, it was observed that quilombola communities face difficulties related to access to public health services, infrastructure, and lack of state support. The study identified an expansion of soybean cultivation within and near quilombola communities starting in 2014, which raises concerns among these peoples regarding the preservation of their territories, way of life, and the increasing damage to local natural resources. It was also identified that forest and soybean variables are necessary conditions to explain changes in land use and land cover concerning traditional populations. Therefore, only when analyzed together are they sufficient to explain the phenomenon, meaning that improvements in forest and soybean conditions are necessary to prevent damages resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the quilombola populations in the Santarém region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade de Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para licenciamento de mineradoras no estado do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LOBO, Ivonês Damasceno; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
In the context of sustainable development, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emerges as an essential instrument in the environmental licensing process for public or private ventures with significant impacts. In Brazil, the Resolution No. 01/1986 of CONAMA (National Environmental Council) established basic criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). However, globalization has driven changes in production patterns, leading to the emergence of corporate interests seeking to relax environmental licensing rules. This trend, particularly evident during the administrations of Temer and Bolsonaro, has resulted in policies more favorable to the business sector, including proposals for mineral exploration in indigenous lands. In the Amazon, this translates into a history of Large Projects that often exploit the region to the benefit of other parts of the country, leaving negative socio-environmental impacts. The quality of EIAs for mining enterprises in the state of Amapá is a point of concern, especially considering the dismantling of the environmental licensing process in Brazil since the 1980s. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of mining ventures in the state of Amapá. The research problem to be addressed is: How have quality standards been implemented in Environmental Impact Assessments conducted by mining enterprises in Amapá? To achieve this, the quality of three mining EIAs for mining projects in the state of Amapá will be assessed using the internationally recognized Lee and Colley Review Package methodology. The results indicate that the studies are “unsatisfactory due to important omissions or inadequate points”.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Arranjo produtivo local da opala no município de Pedro II - PI como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável a partir da mineração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-28) SOUSA JÚNIOR, Dilmo Vieira de; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
Sustainable development is development capable of meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. It is progress that does not deplete resources for the future, seeking to maintain a balance between social, environmental and economic aspects. Local Productive Arrangements (APLs) are a set of economic, political and social agents located in the same territory, developing related economic activities and that present expressive links of production, interaction, cooperation and learning. Mining is considered by many to be one of the basic sectors of the economy, both for its decisive contribution to the well-being and improvement of the quality of life of present and future generations, and for the contribution it makes to the development of a just and balanced society. to the extent that it requires concrete actions aimed at sustainability from its members. The cooperative network project of the opal productive arrangement in the Pedro II-PI region, aims to increase productivity from mining and consolidate the opal productive chain through a comprehensive and cooperative approach. The general objective of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the operation of the opal APL as an instrument of sustainable development in Pedro II - PI. The methodology to be used in this research will be of an interpretative qualitative nature and will be based on the methodology of case studies involving the triangulation of data obtained through observation, documentary research and field research that will be interpreted through content analysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ativação do potencial bioeconômico das plantas medicinais amazônicas: uma proposta para Marapanim-PA à luz das experiências coletivas da etnofarmácia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-19) PINHEIRO, Ailton Castro; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219X; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-8245
The objective of this work is to participate in actions in the area of phytotherapy in Marapanim- PA, to help project the structuring of the Local Productive Arrangement of Phytotherapy, provided for in the Municipal Phytotherapy Law of the municipality and, with this, contribute to the development of Bioeconomy in Pará Amazon, in the perspective of sustainable territorial development. For this, the following starting question was adopted: how to structure a bioeconomic APL of herbal medicines in Marapanim-PA to improve the quality of life of social actors? As a starting theoretical approach, sustainable territorial development was chosen, specifically, the relationship between territorial heritage and specific resource that, when confronted with the empirical dynamics of Marapanim-PA, needed new interdisciplinary connections, until it was consolidated in the proposition of the concept system: Territorial Social Innovation. The research has an interdisciplinary theoretical approach and is classified as an action research. Data collection took place through bibliographic research, documentary research and participant observation. Data were analyzed using the analytical instruments derived from the analysis model: a diagnosis and two projections. The results of the analytical process indicate that the heritage of Marapanim-PA has potential factors for structuring a bioeconomic cluster of herbal medicines; however, the biggest obstacle is the lack of participation of local actors in the collective action of territorial development conducted by Ethnopharmacy. This immobilization of local actors occurs due to the existence of territorial liabilities in the territorial heritage, such as little confidence and fiscal problems. As a technological result, the thesis generated two products: a pilot project to assist in structuring the APL and a pilot action plan to contribute to the activation process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Ativos naturais e as comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia: o caso da Reserva Extrativista Verde para Sempre, Porto de Moz-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-28) PARAENSE, Vinicius de Campos; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The natural products of the Verde para Semper Extractive Reserve include an extensive range of environmental services that, in most cases, do not have differentiated values by the formal market. It so happens that even the importance of the flow is in nature, its relative is minimal or non-existent from the point of view of the financiers of the conventional economy. In this way, more comprehensive costs and costs than forest facts can incorporate the value of forest and environmental products of importance, in view of all the costs that, all the costs of paramount importance, in all the costs of activities with the externalities generated to society, the total economic value of these environments must be incorporated. Therefore, the objective of this work is to estimate the value of the natural assets of the RESEX Verde para Semper, considering the carbon stock of the area of the trees and the total volume of the trees (benefit-cost analysis) and the Total Economic Value (VET) of the area to be managed sites from the perception of socioeconomic residents and created externally by the Community Forest Management (MFC) activity (contingent valuation method). In the benefit-cost analysis, the tree individuals included in the forest inventories of the Annual Production Units (UPA) of the Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (Arimum), Por ti meu Deus and Paraíso do Acaraí communities were considered, obtaining the net present value forest capital (VPLCF) of: R$ 2,725,134.00 (R$ 6,776.41/ha); BRL 1,836,391.92 (BRL 4,045.36/ha-1); and R$ 650,151.92 (R$ 6,922.40/ha), respectively. The second methodology, designated by the integrated contingent valuation method (MIAC) was specified by the equations of willingness to pay (DAP) and willingness to receive (DAR), whose values were extracted from socioeconomic variables and indicators of the environmental dimension (DA) and dimension (DE), being included in the specification of the proposed econometric model. These results represent: the value that the interviewed residents are willing to pay for the preservation of the RESEX's natural assets and, thus, continue to enjoy the economic and environmental benefits promoted by the ecosystem products and services in the way that is currently being done; in addition to capturing the magnitude that they will be willing to accept, as a form of compensation, for the use of the natural capital in question. Based on the results generated by the MIAC, the average DAP value of R$ R$ 4.509,19/ha was obtained, considering the average total economic value (VET) of R$ 4.279.221,31 of the RESEX. The estimated average value of DAR was R$5.569,39/ha, reflecting a VET of R$5.285.351,11. The difference between the DAP and DAR values of only 19%, corroborates the innovative specification of the model and the efficiency of the field research. Finally, the estimated values show that local residents are aware of the magnitude of the natural resources and the socioeconomic potential of the RESEX's environmental asset, in addition to the essential role they play in their lives, as they are willing to pay high amounts for the maintenance of this asset and, thus, continue enjoying the economic and environmental benefits promoted by ecosystem products and services in the way they are currently being carried out.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do modelo de monitoramento ambiental no Estado do Pará: estudo de caso da SEMA/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) SOUSA, Rodolfo Gadelha de; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
One of the approaches to prevent and control environmental crises must be originated in public environmental management, particularly in the integration of its instruments: licensing, monitoring and enforcement. Monitoring has a strategic role in this process, because it is essential to decision-making in licensing activity and in supporting enforcement. However, environmental monitoring is a complex issue. In Pará, the structure of the Secretariat of State for the Environment, qualified to perform this function and the demands arising from the decentralization of environmental management and Complementary Law 140/2011, require that the state agency enhances its monitoring mechanisms of environmental management. Although there is no universal solution to do environmental monitoring, this research intends to discuss a model of government monitoring beyond the requirement of formal and bureaucratic licensing agencies to monitor its projects approved. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the model of environmental monitoring as a tool for environmental management in the state of Pará, through the description of the model adopted, as well as the analysis of the causes and consequences of this model, particularly for forest management plans licensed by SEMA/PA. It also aimed to propose a strategy for environmental monitoring in the state. For this reason, the object of study at was SEMA/PA and the case study method was used, following three steps: data collection, through the agency reports and interviews; data processing, based on route guidance to characterize both the monitoring model, as well as the institutional capacity of the state agency; and, generation of results, producing a descriptive matrix of the monitoring model, which allowed to identify the strengths and barriers to the purpose of environmental monitoring in Pará, thus guiding the adaptation and recasting of the model adopted. The results show that in general there is not an institutional strategy of SEMA/PA systematic environmental monitoring, both for licensing programs and projects, as for environmental quality standards. Specifically, there are several shortcomings in the monitoring model adopted by SEMA/PA and described in this study, related to the low transparency of information, lack of procedures and work routines, lack of resources and functions of systematic monitoring in systems SIMLAM and SISFLORA, as well as gaps in monitoring of forest management plans. To address this situation it is necessary to build participatory construction by SEMA/PA of an institutional model based on principles of administrative transparency and systematic monitoring, which subsidizes and gives feedback cyclically to the instances of (re-) planning of environmental licensing and enforcement, generating alerts for immediate action
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos impactos econômicos e sociais da tecnologia trio da produtividade na cultura da mandioca no município de Moju
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-08) SILVA, Daniel da Fonseca; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This research has been focused to evaluate the economic and social impacts from the technology’s adoption named “Trio da Produtividade” (generated Embrapa Amazônia Oriental) for the cassava crops in the city of Moju/PA. The “Trio da produtividade” is the combination of three components in the system for cassava’s production: (i) selection of manioc stem; (ii) spacing of 1 m x 1 m and (iii) weeding in the first 150 days. This analysis was carried out from the primary data collection, by means of technical panels, producers ́ interviews, advisory officers and municipal and state secretaries ́ of agriculture and the environment, and bibliographical survey. It was found that the “Trio da Produtividade” has brought economic and social impacts positive. The economic impacts was found that: (i) in terms of the root, the “Trio da Produtividade” brought an increase of 7 tons/hectare; (ii) the use of technology provides a net income per hectare of R$ 2,260.00 (61.31 % greater); (iii) about the economic feasibility, the “Trio” proved to be superior in indicators VPL, TIR, rate of return, and suffix of profitability, the production system traditionally used by farmers in the city of Moju. Regarding the social impacts, it was found that the technology showed additional benefits in relation to the traditional system, with positive values of 1.80 . In addition, the effect of the increase of production, that is reflected in higher income generation, food security and employment opportunity to relatives and local workers. The workers ́ participation in trainings on the technology’s application brings a breakthrough in the qualification of the workforce, which allows additional remuneration for the differentiation of them. It was also observed, expectation of improvement management of activity by the producers, because the training for participating and greater dedication to activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Cadeias de valor alimentar inclusivas e sustentáveis do açaí e do peixe: o caso de Abaetetuba, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-15) SALGADO, Mayany Soares; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The inclusive and sustainable food value chains of assai and fish are activities that generate income, employment, foreign exchange, with exports to Brazilian and international markets, as well as being fundamental to supplying the local market and preserving the natural stocks of assai trees in floodplains and fish in regional rivers in the territory of influence of the city of Abaetetuba. Due to the importance of these products in functional food, demand has been growing faster than supply, causing pressure on the stocks of these natural assets and generating environmental externalities in all links of these chains. In this context, the general objective of the thesis was to analyze the configuration of the assai fruit and fish value chains and the interaction between extractivism and the consumer market, taking into account the agents that act and define the peasant territoriality of the municipality of Abaetetuba. The methodology includes descriptive and interpretive analyses of the literature review and of the primary and secondary data collected. The field research, for the collection of primary data, contemplated the qualitative approach, with the use of the in-depth interview technique, aiming to capture the dynamics of the riverside peasants in their survival, based on the exploitation of natural resource stocks, and the quantitative approach, from the application of questionnaires, for the analysis of market information, via specification of consumer demands for assai and fish. The representative sample included 342 interviewees, with a confidence level of 95% and a sampling error of 5.4%. The results showed the lack of commitment of the agents that operate in the processing and marketing links of the products with the preservation of the floodplain in Abaetetetubense, due to their lack of knowledge and experience of the dynamics and preservation needs of the natural ecosystems of the floodplains, and because they only aim at short-term economic results. Consumers of fish and assai extractivism on the islands of Abaetetuba are willing to pay R$ 58.20 and R$ 98.74 per family per month to maintain the preservation of natural stocks of assai and fish, in order to ensure market supply and provide families with a healthy food consumption pattern of 43.12 l of assai and 30.27 kg of fish, respectively. It is concluded that the riverside territoriality, composed of peasants and local intermediaries, showed a high conception of the importance of the environment, related to its existence in the floodplain, from the practice of fishing and assai extraction carried out with the use of techniques of sustainable bases and by the family unit, which provided greater scope for the inclusion of this link in the chain. The main contribution of this thesis was to show the interconnected configuration of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the assai and fish chains, from significant results, to potentiate local development, from the stimulation of social organization and vertical integration of the production of riverside peasants with the agroindustry of functional foods in the territory of Abaetetuba.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Central cooperativa de associações: possibilidades e limites para a gestão dos recursos naturais e desenvolvimento local
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-16) OLIVEIRA, Sandro Abreu de; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148
The dissertation examines a cooperative of associations building in the Marajó Island (Pará State, Amazonia, Brazil) focusing on local development and natural resources management. Particularly, the dissertation tries to understand how a central of cooperative associations contributes to natural resources management and to local development of a município with an economy based on agro-extraction. The dissertation analyses the building process of the Central of Curralinho Agro-extraction, Small-scale, Family-based, Rural producer Cooperative of Association, trying to understand its possibilities and limits in the context of solidarity economy. The theoretical framework involves the debates on natural resources management, solidarity economy and local development. The methodology used was the exploratory case study. The data collection was based on documentary analysis, structured interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. At the end, the study demonstrated that economic-environmental alternatives and the socio-politics relationships built in the scenario which the Central is involved are result of endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenously, the factors are the credibility of an articulated and compromised leadership and the Central associations’ members’ perception of existence of an historical mild-man and large palm producers’ exploration on small-scale family-based rural producers. Exogenously, the factor is the Central integration with governmental and non-governmental development programs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições do Campus Universitário - UFPA e do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - IFPA para o desenvolvimento local no município de Bragança (PA) a partir do modelo da Hélice Tríplice
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-23) SOARES, Patrícia da Trindade; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
The dissertation analyzed the contributions of the University Campus - UFPA and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - IFPA to the promotion of local development in the municipality of Bragança (PA) from the Triple Helix model. The study, aimed at analyzing the economic and social dimensions, was structured on quantitative data that show the performance of these HEIs in the generation of knowledge, innovative ideas and patent filing. The investigation focused on official data from government agencies for the period, predominantly, from 2014 to 2024. Additionally, information was collected about the intellectual production generated by research professors from UFPA and IFPA in the city, as well as about the partnerships made by them with organizations representing other propellers. Also added to the scope of this work, searches in the field of academic training of individuals who are part of the spheres of university, industry and municipal public governance. The research concluded that the educational institutions investigated are still in an incipient phase in the process of IFES – INDUSTRY – GOVERNMENT interaction. However, the participation of the educational units has increased over the last few years in articulations and actions aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship, the surrounding productive sectors and social issues in the community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desastres naturais e pobreza absoluta na Amazônia: uma análise quantitativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-11) NINA, Alex Santiago; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The Amazon is one of the poorest Brazilian regions and, in recent years, it has been hit by intense natural disasters. In this sense, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze how the occurrence of natural disasters affects the variation of absolute poverty in the Amazon between 2000 and 2010. The beginning and the end of this period coincide with the latest measurements of data reduction from demographic data, while in this interval, three major natural disaster events hit in the Amazon: the dry of 2005 and 2010 and the floods of 2009. Numerous studies, in international literature, point out that natural disasters affect the poor more severely than the rich and tend to maintain or increase levels of poverty in the regions where they occur. Based on these surveys, the following hypothesis was raised: “absolute poverty, both in terms of percentage and intensity, increased or decreased less in the Amazonian municipalities most frequently affected by natural disasters”. To test this hypothesis, a regression model was elaborated, which includes indicators of absolute poverty as a dependent variable and, as explanatory variables, indicators of natural disasters, economic growth and public assistance policies. The results showed that absolute poverty was accentuated in the municipalities most affected by natural disasters, but while droughts and gradual floods affected the percentage of poor, sudden floods decreased the income of the poor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diálogo entre Cortes: um estudo sobre a aplicabilidade da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos em litígios minerários do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-13) ALVES, Sandro Júnior do Carmo; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
The general objective of this Master's Dissertation is to describe, based on jurimetric data and the analysis of judgments, how the rights protected by the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) and its related jurisprudence can serve as pro homine instruments in the dialogue between the Tribunal de Justiça do Pará (TJ-PA) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in cases involving the mining industry in the state of Pará. A descriptive research with an inductive method was used to analyze the judgments. The bibliographic review revealed that environmental conflicts related to mining are associated with the intrinsic dimensions of this model of exploration, which causes negative impacts both on the environment and on the quality of life of local communities. For the purposes of analysis of the Dissertation, these conflicts were categorized into 7 types. As a theoretical framework, the research adopted the theory of “dialogue between Courts”, which explores communication between different jurisdictions for a broad defense of human rights. Given that Brazil is a signatory to the ACHR and is under the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the State must respect the rights enshrined in this Convention, in its related case law, and in other documents, such as Advisory Opinion No. 23 of 2017, which establishes the relationship between the environment and human rights. The analysis of the 187 rulings of the TJ-PA revealed that 129 refer to agrarian conflicts, followed by those related to the progressive development of society. The company Vale S.A. is the largest litigant, present in 120 rulings. Regarding the grounds used, procedural law rules stood out, cited 211 times, followed by agrarian law rules, mentioned 82 times. The most recurrent case law was of a civil procedural nature, followed by agrarian law, while the doctrinal references were also predominantly procedural, followed by civil law. It was observed that the ACHR could be applied in all rulings. It was also found that arguments related to economic rights and property rights of mining companies still prevail over the rights to quality of life of local communities. Even when decisions are favorable to residents, these rights are not interpreted comprehensively, as has already been done by the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Thus, it is clear that there is a need for dialogue between the TJPA and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights so that court decisions related to mining and human rights do not exacerbate social inequalities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia do esgotamento: há sustentabilidade na intensificação biotecnológica da soja “pronta para” se desenvolver no Pará?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-05) SOUZA, Clara Vitória de Araújo; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
The idea of a biotechnology capable of reducing the use of pesticides in the tropical cultivation of soybeans (Glycine max) hit the market with a "sustainable" status and delighted producers, promising higher yields and, for this reason, profitability. In Pará, however, the promises of delivering more with the same investment have not held up over time. From resistance to Glyphosate to the expression of a mutant insecticide gene (Cry1A.105), the level of current technology delivers a seed capable of degrading herbicides and eliminating entire populations of insects, in theory with fewer inputs and equal grain quality; would this increase in efficiency also have helped to preserve land, as Borlaug's (HB) hypothesis infers? On the other hand, this biotechnological intensification could paradoxically increase the demand for the resource, due to market pressures, resulting in an increase in the area planted and more expenditure on land use. Positive correlations were found between moments of intensification and growth in planted area, confirming previous observations in the biome. Given the complexity of commodities and the context in which they are inserted, explaining the increase in pressure on the soil required a shift in scope; from the idea of the Paradox and market demand to an investigation of biotechnology itself; the result generated a model capable of calculating the increase in direct demand on mineral stocks in the soil, as a result of the biotechnology onboard the seed. The exploitation of the “mineral energy” of the lands to the south of Pará is explained through a hypothetical-deductive variable, in kilojoules, based on the mechanics of the laws of Conservation and Mass Action. The models resulting of these research process provide the possibility of estimating the demand for extra energy due to the expression of exogenous protein (DEEPE), and possible mineral correspondence in the Deterioration of Assets by Demineralization (DAD), at different scenarios, as a tool to help producers in choosing the type of crop and biotechnology onboards the seed. So furthering conscious choices through crucial questions; what comes out of the pocket, comes out of where and at what price? Is there sustainability, even economically, in the biotechnological trajectory of Soy in Pará? For how long is that before the foreseen exhaustion?
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia madeireira: dificuldades de regulação e efeitos sobre quilombolas no arquipélago do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-27) SANTOS, Daiana Brito dos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
From the debate about regulation and institutionalization of the lumber market in the paraense Amazon with a view the data about violation of the flora of IBAMA, reports of IDERFLOR, SUDAM and a map of social cartography elaborated by quilombolas of São Sebastião Cipoal, the present study proposes to understand the State difficulty to establish the control of exploration of lumber to indicate acts of economic players in view of instrument of control, overcoat in archipelago of Marajó. See if that the positioning of state about the clandestine lumber activity is not addressed to an efficient regulation to this market, as well as it needs the efficient public politics to solve the territorial conflicts and to combat deforestation. The legal requirement of the project to forest management and to explore forest do not means that the equilibrated exploration occurs of the point of view of rational extraction the forest resource and the own use of earth reveals whether masked to " sustainability action" . Big agents with―green" seals to devastate the forest and the numbers of papers and infractions are ever higher.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elemento de benção, região de maldição: uma análise da gestão de recursos hídricos no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CIRILO, Brenda Batista; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The main objective of this study was to analyze the existing limitations for the management of water resources in the State of Pará, related to the implementation of management instruments and base entities for decentralization, as set forth in the Water Resources Policy of the State of Pará (Law No. 6,381 of 2001). For this purpose, it was necessary to investigate: a) the limitations existing in the historical trajectory of the process of water regulation in Brazil, which hinder the implantation of these legal devices; b) regional and local limitations; c) the limitations of the State Water Management Authority (SEMAS/PA); and d) the role of municipal public authority in the management of water resources on a local and inter-municipal scale. Field research was carried out in two stages: the first with environmental secretariats of the municipalities comprising Marapanim river basin and Itacaiúnas river basin, and the second with employees and former employees of SEMAS/PA. Based on common resource management theories, with emphasis on the Resource Curse Hypothesis and its deployment, it was found that the institutional system designed by the State for the management of water resources in the Amazon does not effectively comply with the principles of decentralization and participation from the Water Resources Policy, compromising the implementation and effectiveness of legal provisions by promoting a model of regional development that privileges the interests of specific economic groups, which reflects in state and local management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias para manejo dos recursos naturais na pesca de Camarão-da-Amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) na ilha de Sirituba, Abaetetuba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CAETANO, Marta Coutinho; LEE, James Tony; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1693070833836566; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This thesis analyzes strategies for the community management of artisanal fishing of the Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) and its relationship to the local economy of the Amazon basin in the communities of Santa Maria and São Miguel, Sirituba Island, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil. The main objective was to examine how the artisanal fishing of Macrobrachium amazonicum is linked to the production of local natural resources and which strategies the local population can employ in the Abaetetuba Islands to reduce predatory prawn fishing in the region. Can the extraction of local products, together with sustainable prawn fishing, such as catch experiments using modified fishing techniques (matapi), knowledge of local rules and regulations and appropriate management of natural resources (fishing and extraction) reduce the size of the catch? Strategies such as this experiment show that there was an increase in the total weight of the catch, resulting in higher incomes. Furthermore, this production, combined with other extraction products and additional measures such as environmental education and fishing outreach courses, helps to reduce predatory fishing. Of the total production recorded in the island (the seasonal extraction of açai and mirity palm, as well as fish and prawn fishing), over 80% was for sale and complements the income of fishermen. Qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted, using open and closed questionnaires, together with a piece of participatory research and a case study. They were relevant for the two communities and for the type of matapi, given that they can increase the size of the catch. Catch data evidenced the existence of predatory fishing. Other natural resources (açai, fish and mirity) and governmental programs are essential and complementary to fishermen's incomes. In the Islands, prawn fishing has great potential for supplying the region's local fish trade. It also involves a type of social organization that promotes the community management of wetlands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Exploração de recursos faunísticos na Amazônia: história, economia e meio ambiente (do Brasil Colônia ao Império)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-04) SOUSA, Girlian Silva de; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
This work aims to analyze the insertion of the Amazon economy into commercial capitalism based on faunal extractivism in the period from 1759 to 1830, which comprises the stage of conquest and consolidation of the territory. To this end, the process of producing data relating to faunal extractivism in the Brazilian Amazon during the time frame established, the participation of faunal extractivism in the dynamics of Brazil's insertion into mercantilism, the Portuguese colonizing model in the Brazilian Amazon, and finally, the role of faunal extractivism in the insertion of the Amazon Valley into the dynamics of mercantile capitalism, from the perspective of the organization of the workforce. The originality of this documentary research is evident in the volume and extent of the collection consulted, the length of the time frame, the scope of the territorial scope, and the diversity and volume of faunal resources researched, which encompasses Amazon turtle fishing and collecting eggs, fishing for manatee, arapaima and mullet. As a novelty, the use of alligator oil for lighting and as an ingredient in mortar compounds for buildings. The topic is approached from a heterodox theoretical basis, which allows discussing the Portuguese administrative model in the Brazilian Amazon, the mechanisms of subordination of the colony to metropolitan power, vicissitudes and influences in contemporary Brazilian society. The issue of the mode of production via compulsory labor and the mechanisms for appropriating indigenous technology is used as a canvas for the discussion about the centrality of faunal extraction for the colonization of the territory. The relative silence of economic historiography regarding the centrality of activities that enabled the production of products considered central in the study via economic cycles is questioned. As a strategy, this work provides a brief histographic review of the first economic activities carried out in Brazil – the trade in human beings and fauna. The results reveal, in summary, that without indigenous technology, which includes the knowledge that enabled faunal extraction, it would have been impossible for the Portuguese conquerors to consolidate their dominance over the territory and enable economic activities aimed at meeting the demands of the external market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Extrativismo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) na Ilha das Cinzas, várzea estuarina do Rio Amazonas, Pará: socioeconomia, manejo e cadeia produtiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-29) SANTOS, Erick Silva dos; GUEDES, Marcelino Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9005172978014230; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
Essential for the extractivist mode of several Amazon families, the economic activity of açaí has been changing over the past few decades, increasingly associating itself with national and international markets. However, concomitant with the globalization of the activity, which increased the profit of companies and the income of extractive families, the interventions of riverside dwellers in the environmental landscape of the floodplains have been accentuated, putting their social, economic, environmental and food sustainability in check. Combining the economic desires of families together with maintaining the plant diversity of the productive units in the floodplains, a fundamental characteristic for gains in competitiveness in the global “green market”, is one of the main challenges of the activity today. This study evaluated the socioeconomic and environmental dynamics of the açaí extractive activity by the riverside population of the Ilha das Cinzas Agroextractive Settlement Project, municipality of Gurupá, State of Pará, in the Eastern Amazon. Our general assumption was that the empirical models of management of the açaizeiro practiced by extractive families and the organizational level of the local açaí productive supply chain affect the productivity, consumption and income generation of riverside population of Ilha das Cinzas. The study was developed from: i) the determination of the seasonal production of açaí fruit and its relationship with the socioeconomics of the producing families; ii) the evaluation of the level of food security and the associated causes in extractive families; iii) the analysis of the impacts of the different empirical models of açaizeiro management practiced by extractivists for the production of açaí fruit; and iv) the determination of the actors, factors and characteristics that interfere in the production supply chain of the açaí fruit from the extractivist point of view. The total study period was from June 2015 to February 2020, consisting of five harvests and six off-seasons, with some time cuts for specific issues. The methodology included document analysis, local interviews, application of food security standards and collection of production, income, environmental and forestry data. The results showed that the harvest and off-season periods on Ilha das Cinzas were from June to October and November to May, respectively. Self-consumption did not vary with the sale price in the harvest and off-season, comprising 23% of total production. Notwithstanding, the effects of seasonality were substantial for the variation of the local rasa price and for significant decreases in fruit production and average gross income/family in the off-season. About 65% of the interviewed families had food security. However, moderate to severe insecurity (FI) already occurs in 16% of them. The variables “gender” and “consumption of family agricultural production” explained 87% of the variation in FI. In this sense, families that have women as a provider and that produce and consume food from family farming were 60% and 50% less likely to have food insecurity, respectively. The practices of extractivists on Ilha das Cinzas were based on three types of empirical management models, namely: (i) productivist, (ii) intermediate and (iii) conservationist. The productivist type showed fruit production (kg) on average 109.5% and 281.4% higher than those of the intermediate and conservationist types, respectively, however they presented 52.6% and 35.7% lower floristic richness. Productivity of the açaizeiro was negatively correlated with shading and the size of surrounding trees. The trade-off between production and sustainability of the floodplain ecosystem must be considered when choosing the appropriate management. Public protection policies can provide a guideline for the limits considered acceptable in management practices for the economic and environmental sustainability of açaizais in the Amazon, although there is still a lack of technical standardization. The supply chain of the island's açaí fruit proved to be incomplete and formed by producers, intermediaries and suppliers. Four factors, represented by 75% of the variables used, explained 48% of the total variance of the variables, being named: (i) productive aspects, (ii) technological insertion, (iii) associative management and economic incentives and (iv) commercialization and promotion. Only factors (i) and (iv) were well evaluated by extractivists. Low mechanization, incipient use of technology and low training, combined with the absence of participation by the main community association, were the main obstacles for extractivists to increase production, productivity and phytosanitary safety in açaí. It is concluded that the general hypothesis of this study was confirmed, since the level of social, economic, environmental and food sustainability of the productive activity of the açaí of Ilha das Cinzas was the result of the way that extractive families empirically managed the açaí, the financial and food contributions resulting from the activity and the organizational level of the local açaí fruit production chain, which directly or indirectly interferes in the local development of their communities. Some factors would be essential to overcome the obstacles in the production chain of the açaí fruit from Ilha das Cinzas, such as the promotion of public policies that include actions aimed at continuous and quality technical training and capacity building, strengthening of local associations, economic incentives, technology transfer and interaction among intersectoral policies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“A Floresta em pé como nova Commodity global!”: o discurso da bioeconomia enquanto alternativa ao desenvolvimento da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) CARNEIRO JUNIOR, José Airton; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
The research proposal aims to analyze the discourse of Bioeconomy in the State of Pará, repre- sented by specific policies that have introduced a new pathway for regional development in and of the Amazon. Since 2016, environmental policies in Brazil have suffered setbacks, jeopard- izing the integrity of the Amazon rainforest. This has resulted not only in the loss of Brazil’s credibility in fulfilling its environmental commitments to the international community but also in the suspension of resources from the Amazon Fund. Consequently, subnational entities have taken the lead through paradiplomatic actions to signal their commitment to preserving the Am- azon to the international community. Pará, leveraging this context, has positioned itself as a reference in sustainability, promoting its leadership in implementing environmental and climate policies in the Amazon through Bioeconomy as a solution to ensure sustainable economic de- velopment. This dissertation argues that the Bioeconomy discourse promoted by the State of Pará projects a development model based on Bioeconomy as the new economic vocation of the Amazon, focusing on transforming the forest itself into a commodity. From this perspective, the research seeks to address the following question: To what extent does the Bioeconomy dis- course practiced by the State of Pará constitute a proposed pathway for the regional develop- ment of the Legal Amazon? This theoretical and exploratory study employs discourse analysis as its methodology and content analysis as its research technique, supported by NVIVO soft- ware. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combined with bibliographic and documen- tary research procedures. The documents analyzed include the State Bioeconomy Plan, the Am- azon Now State Plan, the State Climate Change Policy, and news articles from the Pará State News Agency, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The theoretical framework is grounded in the concept of neoliberal rationality proposed by Dardot and Laval. Based on empirical data and literature, in response to the guiding question, the findings conclude that the Bioeconomy discourse practiced by the State of Pará, as materialized in its environmental policies, cannot be considered a new development model for the Amazon. Instead, it reproduces the same logic as previous models, conditioning the success of the model to the existence of a product (the standing forest) desired by a market governed by neoliberal values and a carbon-centric logic. This approach disregards the natural and social capital of the Legal Amazon.