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Análise Histórico-Normativa do Fundo de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-19) CORRÊA JÚNIOR, José Roosevelt Araújo; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
The Amazon Development Fund (FDA) is an important instrument of action of the National Regional Development Policy (PNDR) in the Legal Amazon, being an inducer of large productive enterprises for the region. Some conditions of its system may harm the Fund's attractiveness to credit seekers in the region and financial institutions able to act as operating agents. This work analyzes these conditions from normative, technical and project approval aspects, using data extracted from FDA technical reports prepared by Sudam and technical reports from Condel/SUDAM, PRDA and CGU. With this, the following research problem arises: What aspects have a negative impact on the attractiveness of the FDA? The theoretical framework addresses the main theories on regional development, the main government interventions in terms of development in the Amazon, from the creation of SPVEA and SUDAM in 1966 until their extinction in 2001 and recreation in 2007, in parallel with an analysis of the funds that preceded the creation of the FDA, covering the main aspects of governance and management and the main characteristics that differentiate them. Next, the work analyzes the regulatory history that has guided the FDA's system since its creation, detailing 5 operational difficulties listed based on the report data. As results, the work presents a proposal to increase the remuneration of the operating agent associated with the risk assumed, increase the maximum FDA financing limits, decrease the project contracting period and indicate the establishment of a minimum percentage to be contributed annually by the STN in the FDA.
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Ensaios em economia Kaldoriana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-05) SILVA, Sérgio Felipe Melo da; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcantâra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998X
This doctoral thesis is structured into three essays, arranged in three chapters, and deals with Kaldorian Economics in relation to other theoretical approaches and applications using input-output analysis. The first essay seeks to establish a theoretical connection between the ideas of economists Nicholas Kaldor and Giovanni Dosi, based on an analysis of the regional production technological structure using the input-output methodology created by Wassily Leontief. This approach is applied to the economy of the Legal Amazon (Brazil), specifically the state of Pará. The preliminary application of the Kaldor-Dosi perspective, with the help of the Leontief input-output matrix, allowed for specific conclusions to be drawn about the dynamics of the mineral extraction industry in relation to the productive structure of the state of Pará. The second essay focuses primarily on structural change, which arises from theories of economic development from various theoretical schools, mainly linked to the manufacturing industry. The essay proposes its own approach, called complexity with an evolutionary approach, which results from the connection between distinct theoretical approaches, namely the Kaldorian approach, based on Kaldor's Laws, the Neo-Schumpeterian approach, also called evolutionary, especially the theory of technological paradigms and trajectories, and the approach of economic complexity. The methodology used is structural decomposition analysis, which is a technique within the framework of the input-output methodology. The third essay seeks to identify the systemic importance of the industries of the Manaus industrial complex and, thus, the Amazonian manufacturing industry in the economy of the Amazon region and the rest of Brazil. This is done through a theoretical approach that relates the interregional perspective to Kaldor's Laws in the discussion of economic development. The theoretical aspect of this article is the approach of Kaldor's Laws combined with the assumptions of Regional Economics from an interregional perspective and the approach of technological innovations. It is understood that the forces that operate in the interregional dynamics are also determinants to explain the movements of economic performance of a region or country. The methodological apparatus is input-output analysis, through the hypothetical extraction technique.
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O Grito dos silenciados contra a devastação neoliberal na BR-163
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) ARAÚJO, Roseane de Seixas Brito; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de
The research aims to analyze the current capitalist accumulation's phase from the intensification of social conflicts in Itaituba, in the Brazilian Amazon, due to the socio economic impact generated by neoliberalism. The municipality's strategic location on the Santarém-Cuiabá highway (BR-163), into the banks of the Tapajós River, in western Pará, it has extraordinary mining reserves it owns, that long has been attracting transnational corporationsinterestslinked to agribusiness, mineral exploring, and construction of large infrastructure work. During the analysis period, from 2007 to 2017, there was a vertiginous growth in the activities linked to these interests, wherein the large public and private investments on the banks of the highway that has shown the neoliberal capitalism's dynamism in recent decades, marked by the association of large capitals around the world, denationalization of state public assets, and economy's financialization. Mainly, are targeted countries and regions that, like Brazil and the Amazon, have a rich natural heritage, weak environmental management, flexible rules and legislation, in a historical context aggravated by fragile democracy and disrespect for social and ethnic rights. Moreover, the highway is a part of a major axis of agricultural production to circulate commodities, which led to the construction of large port structures, in a multimodal transport logistics to enable the shipment of production to world markets. More, the agricultural and mineral neo-extractivism practiced without limits in the region also requires large infrastructures for energy production, which implies the construction of hydroelectric plants. Thus, if the Tapajós's Hydroelectric Complex mega-project is carried out by the federal government, the lives and work of thousands of people will be rendered unfeasible, and the surrounding nature will be destroyed, causing immeasurable proportions of socio- environmental damages. These are the priorities of the neoliberal agenda that reinforce Brazil's subordinate position in world geopolitics, as a producer of raw materials to serve the industrialized countries at the center of capitalism. International laws and agreements signed by the country have been systematically violated to favor the accumulation of the region's wealth. In this sense, the Brazilian State acts as a participant in the power games controlled by the dominant countries worldwide, leading the region to disastrous impasses. Such dynamism overlaps and enhances structural and historical problems, such as the grabbing of public lands, lack of environmental control, violence, arbitrariness, and disinvestment in smallholder production, producing more and more concentration of wealth, which generates poverty and misery to life and work of most of the populations from the region. From this, the theoretical- methodological perspective of the research combines the propositions from Bourdieu (1983; 1989; 1997) and Foucault (1999), and has a qualitative perspective, by using semi-structured interviews with different social actors in the region, combining also a documentary analysis. The investigation purposes to identify as has been the organization of the counter-reactions to neocolonialism domination, under the leadership of indigenous people, traditional communities, social movements, and workers, together with the investigation that leads understanding the importance of 'the locality' to provoke displacement of power and impose the recognition of territorial and socio-cultural rights. The results point to the strengthening of resistance networks, which urgently demand the aggregation of other political forces from the counter-hegemonic field.
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Inovação, diversificação tecnológica e desenvolvimento regional: compreendendo a economia de Campina Grande – Paraíba em contexto de políticas de desenvolvimento endógeno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-05) XAVIER, Carlos Augusto Couto; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
The main objective of this Thesis is to understand whether the development policies implemented in Campina Grande are able to reflect the aspirations and practical objectives of the theoretical models based on the ideas of endogenous development. As a premise of the work, it is assumed that the local economic evolution characterized by a path dependence process, which is reflected in the control of the main institutions of the municipality, essentially contributes to the non-use of the endogenous potential of its main arrangements. In addition to the introduction and final considerations, this work is divided into three other chapters, which discuss from the analytical categories of support to regional development policies, passing through the territorial economic evolution of the municipality of Campina Grande and its transitions, to the attempt to connect local industrial stimulus policies in relation to the theoretical approaches used as support for the implementation of endogenous development policies in peripheral regions. It appears that the local innovation system does not have the attributes to be able to use existing knowledge and make it available for social absorption, capable of determining and changing the course of history itself or that, given the perspective generated around the sectors that continue influential in the political and economic fields, as well as the dominant trajectories, the balance of forces is still insufficient for this type of policy to be implemented. As much as the literature in the context of endogenous development advocates the need for systemic interaction between the local productive structure, knowledge generation, ST&I policies and local development agents, this is not the perceived scenario. However, by integrating economic historical trajectories in order to generate and proliferate other situations capable of involving a larger local population contingent, an environment conducive to development emerges with good prospects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Institucionalização do desenvolvimento sustentável em municípios amazônicos: um estudo de caso de Barcarena (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-12) FERREIRA, Rafael Acatauassú; COSTA, Eduardo José Monteiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4243685710731997
The growth of industrial and port activities in Barcarena (Pará), starting in the 1980s, has generated social and, in recent years, environmental burdens on the municipality. To mitigate the situation, municipal managers have sought, either through executive actions or through institutions aligned with the development agendas of the United Nations (UN), to institutionalize sustainable development. This work analyzes, through exploratory and descriptive research and considering the perspective of the New Institutional Economy (NIE), the results of the institutionalization process of such agendas in Barcarena, especially the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, between the period of 2015 to 2023. To this end, it identified actions and institutions created and promoted by municipal managers; analyzed the municipality's performance in the period using the Sustainability Barometer (BS), a tool from the Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research (FAPESPA), and the Sustainable Cities Development Index - Brazil (IDSC-BR); and, finally, analyzed and compared the results obtained in the indexes. The research result indicated that the process improved indicators related to sustainability in Barcarena, with actions, such as the creation of the Photovoltaic Energy Plant, and institutions, such as the PPA 2022-2025 and the new Tax Code, which can be considered innovative for amazon municipalities. Despite this, the process was still insufficient to solve common issues to Amazonian municipal entities (such as poor income distribution, lack of basic sanitation, quality education, etc.), in addition to others of Barcarena, such as hot spots and pollution and environmental risk management. Managers are recommended to maintain the process, especially improving its social impacts and paying due attention to possible future environmental threats related to climate change; to FAPESPA the recommendations are to provides a more accessible digital platform, in order to improve access to information related to BS; and to the Sustainable Cities Program (PCS), responsible for IDSC-BR, the recommendations are the insertion of retroactive data in the index, referring the period from 2016 to 2021, to increase the relevance of the tool.
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“A Lei existe, mas é a gente que tem que se adaptar”: a percepção de trabalhadores com deficiência da UFPA sobre suas condições de trabalho com base na Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-25) BARROS, Alba Daniela Pereira de; SILVA, Harley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821
The dissertation addresses the inclusion of people with disabilities in the formal labor market, focusing on the context of Belém, Pará. The author adopts a critical approach based on personal experiences, both as a researcher with a disability and through her interaction with her mother, who also has a physical disability. The study aims to identify the barriers and challenges faced by these individuals in accessing and maintaining employment, analyzing the landscape of inclusion in the formal labor market of the city and, more specifically, at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). The research was conducted based on an analysis of quantitative data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) for the period from 2007 to 2017, as well as interviews with employees with disabilities from UFPA. The dissertation is structured into three chapters that explore both the historical context and theoretical discussions on disability and inclusion. The dissertation concludes that without the intervention of public policies and the effective implementation of employment quotas, the number of people with disabilities formally employed would be even smaller. The research underscores the importance of representation of people with disabilities in social and political spaces, reinforcing the need for public policies that ensure not only access to employment but also the retention of these individuals in dignified and equitable conditions in the labor market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mensuração dos custos de transação e de transformação do vinho de açaí: um estudo sobre os "batedores" de açaí no Bairro do Guamá em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-11) FERNANDES, José Luiz Nunes; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
“Açaí whisk” is the term popularly used to refer to the small entrepreneur who works at a fixed point of production and sale in the cities of the Northern Region of the Brazilian Amazon. It is characterized, in general, as a point where, at the same time, the processing and sale of fresh açaí pulp takes place for different segments of the popular and urban consumption market in the region. On the other hand, economic theory usually differentiates between the so-called accounting costs and economic costs, with economic costs normally considered difficult to measure. Among the modern theories used as a microeconomic basis for analyzing the cost structure of companies, we can highlight the so-called Institutionalist Theory, which has made it possible to advance in economic cost evaluation strategies, providing conditions to evaluate them quantitatively from the point of view, including the measurement of accounting costs. As an objective, efforts were made to identify and calculate the so-called transaction costs, so widely used in institutionalist analyses, and to add them to the calculations of transformation costs, and, as a consequence, to determine the cost of producing 1 liter of wine from the açaí produced in ventures associated with açaí beaters in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. The metric adopted was Activity and Time Based Costing (TDABC). According to the general objectives and to provide greater familiarity with the problem, exploratory research was used. As for the method of data collection, it was designed to use the field survey. The result shows that, in the Amazon summer, the cost of 1 liter of açaí is R$ 18.93, in the winter, it costs R$ 25.60. Furthermore, when the firm is recognized as a governance structure, and not a mere production function, the market governance structure advocated by Williamson (1985) is the most prominent, which favors cost reduction. As a limitation, the pandemic scenario and the schooling of the scouts stand out, which, in part, limited data collection. Further research is suggested on the use of açaí seed, which has, as a rule and after wine production, its disposal in the form of urban waste, as well as, among others, the measurement or valuation of the point of production and sale of acai.
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A navegação fluvial amazônica na perspectiva da integração regional ao mercado nacional
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1991-12-17) LINS NETO, João Tertuliano de Almeida; CANO, Wilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2472657984688396
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pobreza multidimensional, território e meios de vida na região da Ilha das Onças, Município de Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-02) RODRIGUES, Danuzia Lima; BAGOLIN, Izete Pengo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9977571999200680; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-7677; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
This thesis deals with a study on the territorial dynamics that has developed in the region of the islands around the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), state of Pará. The study is organized from a general introductory chapter on the Amartya Sen's training approach and its theoreticalmethodological developments in the field of multidimensional poverty assessment. Three chapters are presented in the form of articles dealing with the evaluation of multidimensional poverty based on different methodologies applied to a field study carried out in Ilha das Onças, municipality of Barcarena. For each of the chapters, we sought to develop and present alternative theoretical and methodological tools aimed at presenting a new look at the problem of the relationship between poverty and development, based on a key mediation commanded by a look at the territorial dimension. The first article, presented in chapter 3, starts from the observation of the impacts of the ongoing urbanization process throughout the region of the Amazon River Delta. Movement that includes the process of urbanization and growth of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). Chapter 4 deals with the application of a synthetic index inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (IPM), adapted to the territorial conditions of the Island of Ounces. Chapter 5, in turn, deals in a specific way with the study developed to evaluate the vulnerability conditions of the livelihoods of the population living on the Island of Onças, which aims to be carried out based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative conditions that are evaluation of the levels of training of the inhabitants of the island. The results point to the complexity of assessing multidimensional poverty when viewed from its territorial aspects. The process of increasing the vulnerability of riparian populations could be evaluated at the same time as the urbanization process advances. In this sense, it has been observed that, despite the improvement in income conditions, the local population still feels quite restricted in terms of the scope of their substantive freedoms, which seems to be accompanied by an increase in their degree of vulnerability to an excessive level of specialization that has led the population to a low degree of productive diversification.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A pororoca da participação autêntica: estudo de caso dos orçamentos participativos de Belém e Pasto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-31) RIVERA ANGEL, Fredy Alexis; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The exercise of the Pasto's Participatory Budgeting (PB), the oldest in Colombia and which had the boldness to start in the rural part, started in 1995 and is still in force nowadays. While in the Brazilian city of Belém, this practice could only be carried out between 1997 and 2004, as it usually happens with participatory processes that, once implemented and developed for a government period, end up being dismantled, since its mandatary or political party comes out of the power. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the development and dynamics of PB processes in the cities of Belém and Pasto, in order to delve into some of the main limitations regarding the scope of continuous and consistent processes of PB in Latin America. This, by means of the auscultation of the reasons that made the process of participatory budgeting of Pasto reach its permanence over time, while this same exercise in the city of Bethlehem was discontinued. The objective is also to analyze the implications of conducting PB only in direct democracy, sensu stricto, through territorial decentralization or through delegation; and if, indeed, bodies like the PB councils and the district councils used in Belém, are participatory democracy, and if they are necessary. In addition, we intend to evaluate the degrees of popular participation achieved by the PB processes in the cities of Belém and Pasto. For this, in this case study, documentary and bibliographic researches were done on the object of study (as of its context of application), as well as the application of interviews to the main actors involved in the two cities. It is concluded that the secret of the continuity of the participative practice in Pasto comes due the good stocks of social capital, based on the ethnic and cultural substratum that survived the period of the Spanish conquest; as well as due the existence, in the last decades of the last century, of ambitious processes of social mobilization, especially promoted by the Nariño department's teachers, what generated a new political culture, which had the participation flag placed at the level of the goals to be achieved; and due to the realization of a direct democracy exercise, sensu stricto, that could help to understand what variables are necessary for the continuity of participatory processes to be accomplished, and how to stimulate their presence in citizen participation exercises. The fact that a process achieves its continuity, without being at all consistent and open to community participation, allows us to work on modifications and adjustment, so that a genuine participation can truly be achieved and, thus, positive social changes can be made, with the autonomy of society; which can serve as an inspiration and landmark for many processes counterhegemonics in Latin America.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Redes de subcontratação e desenvolvimento local: a atuação da Albrás no arranjo produtivo de Barcarena
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-08-04) CORÔA FILHO, Vicente Uparajara; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579; MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8077335023133373
The economic occupation project of the Amazon, which would result in its integration to the national system, beneficiate with great amounts of investment, several of the so-called “big projects” to explore region’s natural resources. At the same time, planners had the perspective that they would act as irradiators of local socio-economic development. Albras, benefiting from this policy, is planned to generate external resources and to contribute to the regional economy dynamic. Surrounding the firm, in Barcarena city, several firms are installed building a productive arrangement that needs to be investigated. The subcontracting network is based on the flexibilization of the production process imposed by the main firm. This research aims to identify the cooperation, innovation and interaction processes among subcontracted firms, as well its eventual relation with local development.