Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Acessos e barreiras à cidadania: as Organizações Sociais e as novas formas de gestão do espaço público nas cidades paraenses(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-11) BAENA, Silvia Cristina Pereira; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837; BAHIA, Mirleide Chaar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052323981745384; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-2019The growth of the urban population is still a recurring problem that has serious impacts on cities, revealing a sharp contrast through socio-spatial and environmental transformations, which generates a process of territorial segregation. After all, urban growth does not necessarily come with better conditions of access to urban land. In addition, changes in the socioeconomic scope have redirected the management of cities and imposed models and parameters so that metropolises are readapted in order to make them more attractive. This scenario has also been repositioning the role of the State in the production of the city, especially with regard to new forms of management, which involves incentives beyond conventional public management. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the advances and limits of the management and planning model implemented by the public-private partnership between the Government of the State of Pará and the Pará 2000 Social Organization, in public spaces in Belém (Hangar, Mangal das Garças, Estação das Docas and Mangueirinho), from the point of view of citizenship and universal access to the service offered. This thesis starts from the criticism of political administration, which intends to think about public management from a critical perspective in accordance with the method of interpretation of historical-dialectical materialism, of a qualitative-explanatory nature. For data analysis, a triangulation strategy was adopted (interviews, documents and systematic observation), while, for categorization, a logical matrix on the topics raised, using the technique of content analysis. From the data collected, systematized and analyzed, it was found that the State, when using the management model implemented by the public-private partnership in the latter, as a result of neoliberal policies of its management reform project, strategically uses such partnerships in the with the aim of promoting the strengthening of the market, based on a corporate government, moving away from a conception of social justice with a socio-spatial development perspective, which allows universal access for the population. On the contrary, these partnerships, by providing, through contracts, the right to exploit services in exchange for financing and maintenance of the structure, made it possible to understand that the subversion of the criteria for providing the public service, from the importation of economic logics mercantile, with the prerogative that the private sector exercise more effectively the provision of services, depoliticized the relations between the State and citizens. So much so that, with this new reality, in which the company’s congruence, advocated by society’s policy, is universalized, the citizen is now seen as a consumer. In this way, priority is given to the dimension of efficiency and financial return. Therefore, new elements are observed, which make it possible to understand how the strategies, peculiar to the process of diffusion of the capitalist mode of production and free competition, advance in society from this new neoliberalist reason, which has transformed capitalism by establishing a set of policies, rules, norms of conduct and practices, as well as social control mechanisms that expand its influence in the world. This reality has guided nations and their governments, companies and subjects that regulate their actions from a subjectivity structured in the entrepreneurial logic.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Agricultor familiar horticultor do Amapá e sua força impulsionadora no desenvolvimento agroecológico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-18) PEDRADA, Ana Karolina Lima; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279Agroecology is a science with an interdisciplinary approach that has been built over generations, integrating traditional and scientific knowledge, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and building social movements, increasingly political, emancipatory and territorial. Studying this construction is seeking to understand the man in the field and how he contributes to agroecological development. The objective of this work is to understand agroecological family production as a driving force of rural development and how this producer is a key player in the formation and consolidation of a formal institutional environment in the state of Amapá. To achieve this objective, the research explored the forces that led to the institutional structuring of agroecology in the region; analyzed the historical structures of this family farmer, their agrarian trajectories and how they infuse their economic activity, directly influencing the preservation of biodiversity and local knowledge in the region when promoting food sovereignty; sought to identify the rationality and nature of the economic motivation of the family farmer in the state of Amapá and how he promotes agroecological rural development based on participatory strategies. Finally, it also sought to identify the agroecological practices used by family farmers in the state of Amapá to analyze the perspective of organic certification in their small agricultural productions focused on horticulture. The methodological approach used in the work was historical-structural and case study, where the research sought, from document analyzes and interviews carried out with the community leadership of agroecological family farmers and agents linked to institutional technical assistance bodies, about family profile and process of productive. As a result, the research concludes that, at first, the institutionalization of agroecology in the state was driven by local welfare agencies, but that the small production of family gardeners is increasingly present in this construction, boosting institutional agroecological development. The research also showed that the family farmer in the state is a multifaceted and diverse man, and his formation occurs according to spatial and territorial elements, so the family farmer from Amapá can be caboclo, riverside, quilombola, descendant of slaves, descendant of northeasterners , or former rubber tappers among others, making it impossible to reduce it to a single term or category. Also, the agrarian technologies promoted in its agricultural establishments are focused on agroecology, promoting biodiversity and food sovereignty in the state and proposing solidary economies with the formation of short circuits for the commercialization of its products. The research also identified two rationalities with different natures of motivation in the region: the capitalist family farmer, driven by capital accumulation given the growing formation of new social and economic needs; and the organic family farmer, a plural, diverse and territorial man, with a character of resistance, where his main motivating agent is the family. The research also showed that one is not an impediment to the existence (or not) of the other, nor is one an evolution of the other, they coexist in the same space, holding different social rationales and both promote rural development based on participatory strategies, such as formation of associations in order to promote collective practices. Finally, a prognosis was raised for a possible organic concession, issued by MAPA, in horticulture promoted by family farmers in the state and it was identified that 85% of family farmers in Amapá do not use pesticides in their production, 59.8% of family farmers promote some type of agroecological practice, such as crop rotation and/or fallow land, promoting socio-biodiversity, based on their traditional knowledge that is passed on to the next generation. The research also identified bottlenecks for the concession, which are predominantly bureaucratic, such as documentation, lack of a community bank of creole seeds, potability control and water use, compliance with sanitary standards for cleaning its products as recommended by law and strengthening of short marketing channels. Even so, the research concludes that the organic concession for family farmers, horticulturists in the state, is entirely feasible. Finally, the research shows that the family farmer in the state of Amapá is a key element in the structuring of agroecological production in the state and in the consolidation of a formal institutional environment, given their histories, motivations, resistance and struggles.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura familiar camponesa no planalto santareno: formas de existência em Mojuí dos Campos-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-09) BORGES, Anderson Coelho; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738Peasant family agriculture is characterized by those families that, through land ownership and access to available natural resources, seek to solve their productive and reproductive problems through extractive, agricultural and non-agricultural rural production. Taking this concept into account, the objective is to analyze in a multiscale way the characteristics that enable the understanding of the conditions related to the decision of the peasant family to seek or not to trigger pluriativity. To this end, using an interdisciplinary approach, qualitative and quantitative data were used, obtained, respectively, through the participant observation technique in two communities - Mojuí dos Pereiras and Terra de Areia - located in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos and from the mobilization of the secondary database and the selection of variables (land, labour force and institutional context) collected in field research with the peasant production units. Thus, in the light of peasant investment theory, a pattern was identified among peasant families that engage in non agricultural activities, they have restrictions on land, labour or both, while those families that have land and labour force in conditions sufficient for their reproduction are dedicated only to agricultural labourItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Agricultura familiar e seu papel na produção rural paraense: uma análise a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) CORREA, Alan Tiago; RAVENA CAÑETE, Thales Maximiliano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291249974166783Family farming plays a crucial role in agricultural production in the state of Pará, serving as one of the main sources of employment and income in rural areas while significantly contributing to the local and regional economy. The practices adopted by small-scale producers are essential for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources. Studying family farming in Pará allows for a deeper understanding of its specificities and challenges, providing valuable insights for the development of more effective and inclusive public policies. This study aims to analyze, based on data provided by the 2017 Agricultural Census, the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, with an emphasis on its contribution to the supply of the domestic market. The research seeks to answer the following question: “What is the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, considering its contribution to the supply of the domestic market, based on the 2017 Agricultural Census?”. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study explores the nuances and qualitative aspects of family farming's contribution, including the social, cultural, and economic dynamics that permeate this activity, as well as the challenges faced by small producers. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis provides an objective view of the sector's contribution, using data on agricultural production. The analytical method is based on the description of variables related to family farming and the evolution of agricultural production. For this, data from the 2017 Agricultural Census are used, covering areas such as rural agroindustry, livestock, forestry, temporary and permanent crops, plant extraction, floriculture, and horticulture. The results indicate that family farming also stands out in the supply of higher value-added products, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes. These crops, which require specialized management and are market-oriented, are fundamental to the supply of local fairs and markets in urban areas, establishing a direct connection between rural and urban spaces. This productive diversification not only strengthens family farming but also ensures an efficient local supply chain, reducing dependency on large producers and external products. By focusing on the domestic market, small-scale farmers guarantee a continuous supply of essential products, particularly in times of crisis or logistical challenges.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Agricultura praticada no espaço urbano: o caso do bairro Almir Gabriel em Marituba - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-12) ROSA, Ciria Cristiane da; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738Marituba is a municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará. From 2006 to 2017 years, an agricultural census was carried out, during this period 11 years there has been a decline of 65% of family production units. That reduction is associated with numerous factors such as: the aging of farmers, lack of interest from younger people, lack of public policies and of technical assistance and rural extension. In addition to these aspects, there was an increase population in the municipality. The agriculture that is developed in the municipality supplies the markets of the capital of Pará and is characterized as small lots – sites or agroforestry backyards – in which farmers develop a variety of crops within urban areas. Almir Gabriel is a neighborhood that used to be a farm and went through an occupation process, during the demarcation of the place agricultural production plots and areas intended for housing were divided. So, the study has the following question: with the expansion of urbanization in the neighborhood, lots and agricultural land are failing to develop agriculture due to other forms of land use and conversion of urban space? For To answer this question, we sought to achieve the general objective: to understand how the production of urban space affects agricultural activities in the city. the specifics objectives are: To get information about territorial aspects, urban areas and the characteristics of urban agriculture in Marituba. To Check the actions developed by institutions dealing with agriculture in the municipality. To identify the perceptions of farmers in the Almir Gabriel neighborhood about the urbanization taking place in the locality. As for the methodological procedures, this is a research with a qualitative approach, with use of methods quantitative data described in tables and graphs, consultations with bibliographies and documents, in addition to semi-structured interviews with farmers and managers public. the areas were sold and incorporated into a process of real estate speculation and there is an advance in the urbanization of space demarcated to agriculture, causing environmental damage.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agro é POP ou a Globo é agro?: relações de poder e dominação através da construção das narrativas de riqueza e dos padrões de consumo pela comunicação midiatizada do campo da agropecuária(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-14) CUNHA, Larissa Carreira da; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146The thesis analyzed the relations of power and domination in the field of agriculture through the construction of narratives and consumption patterns through the communication of the hegemonic agents that integrate the media field, represented by Rede Globo in partnership with the field of the Market and the State. The hypothesis was constituted with the assertion that the belief in the wealth narratives built by the mediatized communication of agribusiness enables the agreement of a hegemonic model of development based on neoextractivism, colonial thought and the Cartesian-materialist paradigm, forging a consumer awareness of society agents. Theoretical and methodological references of the concepts of field, habitus and beliefs of Pierre Bourdieu, Foucault's Power, Kotler's marketing and Bernays' advertising, consumer awareness with the theories of Hegel and Jung, paradigms and development narratives with Rist and Korten, field of development and Amazon with Castro, veganism with Singer and Ferrigno, among others. 103 videos from the “Agro: the industry-wealth of Brazil” campaign were analyzed, as well as other communication materials from the broadcaster, using the media analysis methodology of Leach and Liakopoulos. The thesis demonstrated that Rede Globo, in addition to being a powerful member of the media field, also integrates the market field, these agents being the most dominant within the field of agriculture and livestock, together with the State, whose exercise of power constitutes the construction of standards of consumption and the narrative that constitutes the development model, in a process legitimized and validated by the agents of society, consumers. It was also demonstrated that there is a part of the agent that acts contrary to the rules of the field, exercising an anti-hegemonic consumption capable of promoting a disturbance within the field and the creation of new economic and social dynamics by hegemonic and non hegemonic agents . It was also concluded that the change in the development models involves changing the paradigm of reality, arising from the collective and individual change in consumer awareness. Following the model based on the Cartesian materialist hegemonic paradigm, there is the possibility of real and effective change in economic and development models for a truly harmonious result between economic production, preservation of the environment and respect for the other species that make up the Earth's biosphere. The thesis concludes that the change in the development models does not depend on the ideological change in the control of the hegemonic agents that are in power, and is linked to the conformation of the collective conscience, product of the individual conscience, which is validator of the paradigm.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agro não é tudo: a expansão da monocultura da soja sobre os territórios quilombolas na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290The Amazon biome has undergone intense transformations in the last two decades, primarily due to the advancement of agriculture. In this regard, the current Federal Constitution recognizes quilombola communities as cultural groups with the right to the demarcation of their lands. However, in the Amazon, this right has been threatened by the expansion of agribusiness. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is how the dynamics of land use and land cover affect the territories belonging to traditional populations and conservation units. Additionally, the influences of the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB), Soy Moratorium, and Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on the expansion of soybean cultivation in the region were investigated. This study focused on the municipalities of Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém-PA, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In addition to the municipalities, the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and the quilombos (traditional Afro-Brazilian communities) present in the municipality of Santarém were also analyzed, including Murumurutuba, Bom Jardim, Maria Valentina, Arapemã, Tiningu, and Murumuru. Mapbiomas data from the period 2000 to 2019 were used for the analysis of the region's images. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodologies were employed to describe the interaction among the actors involved in the expansion of soybean production in the Santarém Plateau region. Fuzzy Logic was used to describe the data derived from questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources. The analyses conducted revealed significant deforestation in the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra due to the expansion of soybean production and pasture, which has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the Forest Code and the soy moratorium, allowing producers to advance with soybean production in the Amazon. Furthermore, it was observed that the expansion of soybean cultivation is driven by a series of public and private investments in infrastructure, particularly in road and highway construction, port development, and subsidies to large-scale farmers. In the Santarém Plateau region, it was observed that quilombola communities face difficulties related to access to public health services, infrastructure, and lack of state support. The study identified an expansion of soybean cultivation within and near quilombola communities starting in 2014, which raises concerns among these peoples regarding the preservation of their territories, way of life, and the increasing damage to local natural resources. It was also identified that forest and soybean variables are necessary conditions to explain changes in land use and land cover concerning traditional populations. Therefore, only when analyzed together are they sufficient to explain the phenomenon, meaning that improvements in forest and soybean conditions are necessary to prevent damages resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the quilombola populations in the Santarém region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Alta modernidade e a revolução socioambiental: indivíduo e coletividade na reprodução sociometabólica do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-18) COSTA, Gilson da Silva; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073This thesis is a study of contemporary marxism sociology on the High Modernity around the relationship between individual and collectivity in the sociometabolic reproduction of the development and the sustainability - with cutout for Great Amazon, Post-War, from emergence of the Information Society Global. This is particularly the socio-economic phenomena, and socio-political currents in Latin America, the Caribean and Great Amazon, from its urban world and its correlation with the field. It runs thoughts on the prospect of socialist revolution based on Social and Environmental Revolution, featuring the politically historic stage of high modernity when there is participation or non-participation of the individual and community (peoples, working class) and what are its effects on for capital, labor, state and nature - from the daily practice in the pursuit of sustainability (social, economic, political, cultural and environmental). It examines how the process of sociometabolic reproduction of current capitalist society deepens the alienation, ideology, and skepticism among the working classes and peoples of Latin America - which is manifested in the dialectical contradiction between individual and community via participation or political apathy. Filtered through the perspective of sociometabolic building of the rational development and effective sustainability through Socialist, Environmental or Ecosocialist Revolution. Throughout the chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of collective action and social capital in Latin America and these may or may not influence the disruption and construction of this new societal formation, since the mechanism of mobilization, involvement and political and critical participation of the communities, and of social and political subject of the revolution in the macro region. Some theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of Historical and Dialectical Materialism and General Systems Theory are promoted in the work. The theoretical contributions are articulated around interpretations and formulations such as the rational and effective sustainability, within and between dialectical permanent; socialism or extermination; “hecatombstagflation”; environmental revolution, hyper-alienation; super-ideology; ultra-skepticism; revolutionary social capital, among others. The methodological contributions arise from the junction of the method of study, analysis and interpretation of Historical Dialectic Materialism (HDM) and General Systems Theory (GST), articulated in the formulations: Historical Ecological Cybernated System (HECS); Dialectical Materialism and Historical Systemic (DMHS), which allow for greater analytical power and explanatory observations, readings and interpretations of facts, phenomena and situations addressed in this research. Weaving a wireless connection between the elements that deal with the capitalist development in high modernity - from the individual and the collectivity forward to the radicalization of alienation, ideology, and skepticism in the Global Informational Society - setting the phenomenon of development from a Marxist theoretical framework. The work discusses the relevance of the Socialist Revolution and the perspective of the Environmental Revolution, and the potential, limitations and opportunities of a Program of Transition to Socialism Ecological, Environmental or Ecosocialist, because the process of sociometabolic reproduction of the current corporate development and the tensions surrounding the real prospect of sustainability - precisely between Great Amazon building a new vision of cultural, socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional which begins to emerge and tends to swell in coming decades of the century.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Amazonas e Pará: promotorias de justiça ambiental x gestão institucional nos Ministérios públicos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) MENDES, Rosivane de Souza; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911This dissertation discusses the legal defense of the environment as a fundamental right, presenting the environmental justice system and legal institutions used in this system. Brings the history of the Public Ministry (MP), identifying its institutional mission, especially in the environmental harvest. It is observed that the Prosecutor of Justice of the capital of Amazonas and Pará there are weaknesses created in the sphere of management, which affect the performance of prosecutors, especially in the environmental area. The survey results indicate that the MPs performance has resulted in the timely execution of the special environmental legislation, due to the set of administrative rules that define an institutional design that vulnerabiliza the performance of the Prosecutor. This scenario makes it difficult to implement the rules of the game, provided for in environmental regulation, growing the legalization of phenomenon of the environment in the AmazonItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Ameaça aos habitats: avaliação da cobertura e uso da terra na área do município de Tailândia (PA) pela monocultura da palma de óleo(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-01) FERNANDES, Bianca Moraes; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290One of the main catalysts for endangered species is habitat loss. Therefore, the assessment of land cover and use in the municipality of Tailândia, which is the largest producer of palm oil in the state of Pará, seeks to understand how monoculture can impact on the region's biomes and subsequently the habitats of endemic species. This understanding is based on the theoretical framework of ecological economics, the counter-discourse of sustainable development and Indigenous authors. To understand how biodiversity loss occurs, we use literature on mass extinctions and the Anthropocene. Finally, we seek to trace the path of palm oil to the Amazon, where its monoculture has affected the entire region socio-environmentally. The maps were produced with images from MapBiomas, which monitors different land uses in Brazil, with the Geographic Information System, using the free software QGIS (3.34), as well as data from the IBGE. Extinction is evaluated using the threat scale established by the IUCN, which together with ICMBio, and its SALVE system, SiBBr and GBIF, are used to assess which species occur in the Amazon biome area that are threatened with extinction and could be impacted by palm oil monoculture in the region. As a result, it is possible to observe that there is a large occurrence of species in the geographical area, and there are also records of endangered species that inhabit or pass through the area of the municipality of Tailândia (PA). The SALVE system has records of 223 endangered species that occur in the state of Pará. In SiBBr, there are records of 2,211 species occurring in the municipality of Tailândia. In GBIF, 1,362 occurrences of species were recorded in the municipality of Tailândia.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da qualidade de Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para licenciamento de mineradoras no estado do Amapá(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LOBO, Ivonês Damasceno; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290In the context of sustainable development, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emerges as an essential instrument in the environmental licensing process for public or private ventures with significant impacts. In Brazil, the Resolution No. 01/1986 of CONAMA (National Environmental Council) established basic criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). However, globalization has driven changes in production patterns, leading to the emergence of corporate interests seeking to relax environmental licensing rules. This trend, particularly evident during the administrations of Temer and Bolsonaro, has resulted in policies more favorable to the business sector, including proposals for mineral exploration in indigenous lands. In the Amazon, this translates into a history of Large Projects that often exploit the region to the benefit of other parts of the country, leaving negative socio-environmental impacts. The quality of EIAs for mining enterprises in the state of Amapá is a point of concern, especially considering the dismantling of the environmental licensing process in Brazil since the 1980s. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of mining ventures in the state of Amapá. The research problem to be addressed is: How have quality standards been implemented in Environmental Impact Assessments conducted by mining enterprises in Amapá? To achieve this, the quality of three mining EIAs for mining projects in the state of Amapá will be assessed using the internationally recognized Lee and Colley Review Package methodology. The results indicate that the studies are “unsatisfactory due to important omissions or inadequate points”.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise de eficiência técnica da Segurança Pública no combate ao crime de homícidio nos Municípios dos Estados Federados da Amazônia Legal(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-26) MORAES, Arthur Cezar Anaissi de; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277The thesis aimed to analyze the efficiency of public security expenditures in controlling the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) and socioeconomic variables in the municipalities belonging to the Federated States of the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015. The methodology used consisted in estimating a technical efficiency score calculated by municipality and with this it stratified by layers of isoefficiency the obtained results, delimited in this way: 0,01 and 0,25 (low efficiency), 0,25 and 0,50 ( (efficiency), 0.50 and 0.75 (average efficiency), and 0.75 and 1.00 (high efficiency), according to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The hypotheses tested were as follows: Hypothesis 01: The evolution of the overall total efficiency score (eftg), for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated with the socioeconomic nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015, being largely classified as Low efficiency. Hypothesis 02: The evolution of the efficiency score by population size, for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated to the population nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015, being large part classified as High efficiency. The results obtained by empirical comparison of the descriptive mean indicate that the efficiency estimation for the control of the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) is delimited by socioeconomic, institutional and population factors, among the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise dos impactos de mudanças nas precipitações pluviométricas sobre produtos florestais não madeireiros e as lavouras permanentes do Estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) NOGUEIRA, Ana Karlla Magalhães; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194The objective of the thesis was to analyze the impacts of the changes in rainfall on non-timber forest products (NTFP) and permanent crops in the state of Pará from 1999 to 2013, measured by means of a panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Hence, the socioeconomic and environmental benefit of extraction and commercialization of Brazil nut, andiroba and copaiba oils were calculated. The influence of changes in rainfall levels on the permanent crop market in the mesoregions in the state of Pará were also measured from 2000 to 2013 by estimating the supply and demand equations in the form of fixed-effects dynamic panel data. It was verified in the analyzed period that the demand and the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops were inelastic in price. The income elasticity of demand encompassed Brazil nuts and andiroba and copaiba oils as superior goods and the permanent crops as essential to consumption. The cross-elasticity of demand indicated a complementary relationship between acai and Brazil nuts and substitution between products of permanent and temporary crops. The cross-elasticity of supply indicated that the production of oils and Brazil nuts does not compete with the use of labor, land and capital in the local market, since they are considered as joint products. In contrast, in relation to temporary crops, the cross-elasticity of the supply of permanent crops indicated a competitive relationship with the factors of production. Changes in rainfall have a negative influence on the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops in the mesoregions of Pará state. Regarding Brazil nuts, the results also showed that due to changes in the levels of the rainfall, a decrease has occurred in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of western Pará since 1999, which is a decrease of 16.46% in relation to the benefit obtained before the change in the rainfall levels. As for the distribution of benefits after changes in rainfall, consumers were those who had the main losses, with a drop of 10.22% (-R$ 5,406.03 thousand) of total benefits. With respect to the oils of andiroba and copaiba, a decrease of 1.45% (-R$68.72 thousand) was also verified in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of the western Pará. Consumers were the main losers, with a loss of -R$124.67 thousand/year. The objective of this research was to analize the impacts of changes on rainfalldy about forestItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Ar da cidade liberta? a relação entre a universidade e o entorno à luz do direito à cidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-04) SILVEIRA, Mozart Victor Ramos; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837The Federal University of Pará is an autarchy under special functions that go beyond teaching, passing by research and extension. Within its institutional mission, this research deals with the relationship of the Federal University of Pará with their surrounding neighborhoods, from the point of view of the right to the city, analyzing the bias of democratic instruments to guarantee that right. Therefore, we used studies and concepts of Administrative Law and Urban Law, beyond the categories of autonomy and heteronomy of Castoriadis and the reflections on the right to the city of Lefebvre, which substantiate the conceptual framework of the research. Nevertheless, we worked the categories related to urban development and their relationship to social movements, and the role of the Federal University of Pará in this context. Through research in relevant legislation, direct observation, iconography and interviews with residents of the neighborhoods surrounding the university and also with members of the technical-administrative, especially those related to the Commission on Regularization of Land. After analyzing the results, it was concluded that the relationship of the University with its surroundings, from the point of view of the right to the city, occurs in a complex way. The Federal University of Pará, through extension has achieved good results with regard to the regularization of the surroundings, but as it relates to participation, given the legal context, there are contradictions that limit the participation of the surrounding neighborhoodsItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Arranjo produtivo local da opala no município de Pedro II - PI como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável a partir da mineração(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-28) SOUSA JÚNIOR, Dilmo Vieira de; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391Sustainable development is development capable of meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. It is progress that does not deplete resources for the future, seeking to maintain a balance between social, environmental and economic aspects. Local Productive Arrangements (APLs) are a set of economic, political and social agents located in the same territory, developing related economic activities and that present expressive links of production, interaction, cooperation and learning. Mining is considered by many to be one of the basic sectors of the economy, both for its decisive contribution to the well-being and improvement of the quality of life of present and future generations, and for the contribution it makes to the development of a just and balanced society. to the extent that it requires concrete actions aimed at sustainability from its members. The cooperative network project of the opal productive arrangement in the Pedro II-PI region, aims to increase productivity from mining and consolidate the opal productive chain through a comprehensive and cooperative approach. The general objective of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the operation of the opal APL as an instrument of sustainable development in Pedro II - PI. The methodology to be used in this research will be of an interpretative qualitative nature and will be based on the methodology of case studies involving the triangulation of data obtained through observation, documentary research and field research that will be interpreted through content analysis.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Arte popular na Amazônia (Ilha do Marajó): a salvaguarda de um patrimônio imaterial pela sua reinvenção artística(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-02) BOUTTEVILLE, Monique Sobral Delamare de; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800; LÉGERET, KatiaThe present research is located in the Amazonian region, more precisely on the island of Marajó, and it involves some of its traditional artistic practices: carimbó, traditional dance and music that are caracteristics of the state of Pará and in certain Amazonian regions including the Marajó, and the story tellers. Carimbó artists and story tellers of this island live in solidarity with the local population and produce reference points that contribute to the identity construction of the marajoaras (the habitants of the island). They contribute to the fight against the invisibility of the populations in Amazonia, caused by the strong economic interests and the lack of efficient public policies in the region. The non-recognition, by the authorities, of these territories - which are imaginary as well as geographical and which belong to the Amazonians / marajoaras - accentuates the submission that is imposed on these local population. That's why we question the possible conditions of maintaining these practices on the island of Marajó, as aesthetic and social acts capable of opposing a protean crush and a symbolic, institutional, economic and political purposes. Thus, the central problematic, which we attempt to answer with our study, questions the possibility of a "living safeguard" of these immaterial culture heritages.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Os Ativos naturais e as comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia: o caso da Reserva Extrativista Verde para Sempre, Porto de Moz-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-28) PARAENSE, Vinicius de Campos; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178The natural products of the Verde para Semper Extractive Reserve include an extensive range of environmental services that, in most cases, do not have differentiated values by the formal market. It so happens that even the importance of the flow is in nature, its relative is minimal or non-existent from the point of view of the financiers of the conventional economy. In this way, more comprehensive costs and costs than forest facts can incorporate the value of forest and environmental products of importance, in view of all the costs that, all the costs of paramount importance, in all the costs of activities with the externalities generated to society, the total economic value of these environments must be incorporated. Therefore, the objective of this work is to estimate the value of the natural assets of the RESEX Verde para Semper, considering the carbon stock of the area of the trees and the total volume of the trees (benefit-cost analysis) and the Total Economic Value (VET) of the area to be managed sites from the perception of socioeconomic residents and created externally by the Community Forest Management (MFC) activity (contingent valuation method). In the benefit-cost analysis, the tree individuals included in the forest inventories of the Annual Production Units (UPA) of the Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (Arimum), Por ti meu Deus and Paraíso do Acaraí communities were considered, obtaining the net present value forest capital (VPLCF) of: R$ 2,725,134.00 (R$ 6,776.41/ha); BRL 1,836,391.92 (BRL 4,045.36/ha-1); and R$ 650,151.92 (R$ 6,922.40/ha), respectively. The second methodology, designated by the integrated contingent valuation method (MIAC) was specified by the equations of willingness to pay (DAP) and willingness to receive (DAR), whose values were extracted from socioeconomic variables and indicators of the environmental dimension (DA) and dimension (DE), being included in the specification of the proposed econometric model. These results represent: the value that the interviewed residents are willing to pay for the preservation of the RESEX's natural assets and, thus, continue to enjoy the economic and environmental benefits promoted by the ecosystem products and services in the way that is currently being done; in addition to capturing the magnitude that they will be willing to accept, as a form of compensation, for the use of the natural capital in question. Based on the results generated by the MIAC, the average DAP value of R$ R$ 4.509,19/ha was obtained, considering the average total economic value (VET) of R$ 4.279.221,31 of the RESEX. The estimated average value of DAR was R$5.569,39/ha, reflecting a VET of R$5.285.351,11. The difference between the DAP and DAR values of only 19%, corroborates the innovative specification of the model and the efficiency of the field research. Finally, the estimated values show that local residents are aware of the magnitude of the natural resources and the socioeconomic potential of the RESEX's environmental asset, in addition to the essential role they play in their lives, as they are willing to pay high amounts for the maintenance of this asset and, thus, continue enjoying the economic and environmental benefits promoted by ecosystem products and services in the way they are currently being carried out.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do município de Altamira (PA) sob a ótica dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) das Nações Unidas utilizando a ferramenta barômetro da sustentabilidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963In recent decades, there have been more debates related to environmental damage that has been causing changes at a global level, according to the understanding of the finitude of natural resources. The Amazon figures as a protagonist when thinking about the protection of the global ecological heritage. Given its importance, the largest tropical forest in the world has been contemplated with several projections to preserve it. Altamira is a municipality in the center of the Legal Amazon and figures as a reflection of the main problems faced in this territory. Traditional populations coexist with agribusiness, and both are flooded by large projects, although one side benefits more. The rural and the urban areas also provide the municipality with a contrast that makes it especially difficult to point out or even define what would be sustainable. Despite the numerous conflicts that do not allow this territory to homogenize, this thesis sought to carry out a socio-environmental analysis based on the axes of human well-being and environmental well-being, of multidisciplinary nature, for the municipality of Altamira, based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and thus evaluate the main obstacles to the full sustainable development of the municipality. To obtain the results, the methodology used is called the Barometer of Sustainability (BS) and is the result of the major global conventions that debate the courses that take the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The results obtained showed that Altamira has an intermediate level for sustainability and reflects the need for a special look of the government to the indicators related to the great socio-economic axis as well as the need for the elaboration of strategies to remedy and contain the problems related to the great environmental axis. It was then concluded that the municipality of Altamira is far from achieving the goals established by the 2030 agenda, but that it presents breath and has demonstrated subtle changes that are moving towards achieving such objectives. Finally, although limited, this thesis was intended to date a result and create a basis for future research that aims to analyze, add, or even refute results obtained for the municipality of Altamira.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do modelo de monitoramento ambiental no Estado do Pará: estudo de caso da SEMA/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) SOUSA, Rodolfo Gadelha de; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555One of the approaches to prevent and control environmental crises must be originated in public environmental management, particularly in the integration of its instruments: licensing, monitoring and enforcement. Monitoring has a strategic role in this process, because it is essential to decision-making in licensing activity and in supporting enforcement. However, environmental monitoring is a complex issue. In Pará, the structure of the Secretariat of State for the Environment, qualified to perform this function and the demands arising from the decentralization of environmental management and Complementary Law 140/2011, require that the state agency enhances its monitoring mechanisms of environmental management. Although there is no universal solution to do environmental monitoring, this research intends to discuss a model of government monitoring beyond the requirement of formal and bureaucratic licensing agencies to monitor its projects approved. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the model of environmental monitoring as a tool for environmental management in the state of Pará, through the description of the model adopted, as well as the analysis of the causes and consequences of this model, particularly for forest management plans licensed by SEMA/PA. It also aimed to propose a strategy for environmental monitoring in the state. For this reason, the object of study at was SEMA/PA and the case study method was used, following three steps: data collection, through the agency reports and interviews; data processing, based on route guidance to characterize both the monitoring model, as well as the institutional capacity of the state agency; and, generation of results, producing a descriptive matrix of the monitoring model, which allowed to identify the strengths and barriers to the purpose of environmental monitoring in Pará, thus guiding the adaptation and recasting of the model adopted. The results show that in general there is not an institutional strategy of SEMA/PA systematic environmental monitoring, both for licensing programs and projects, as for environmental quality standards. Specifically, there are several shortcomings in the monitoring model adopted by SEMA/PA and described in this study, related to the low transparency of information, lack of procedures and work routines, lack of resources and functions of systematic monitoring in systems SIMLAM and SISFLORA, as well as gaps in monitoring of forest management plans. To address this situation it is necessary to build participatory construction by SEMA/PA of an institutional model based on principles of administrative transparency and systematic monitoring, which subsidizes and gives feedback cyclically to the instances of (re-) planning of environmental licensing and enforcement, generating alerts for immediate action