Teses em Geografia (Doutorado) - PPGEO/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/15062

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O transporte público enquanto dimensão do processo de metropolização de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-11) CASTRO, Carlos Jorge Nogueira de; RIBEIRO, Willame Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0410219650119090; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-4224; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
The development process of Brazilian cities presents essential elements in cargo and passenger transport that have sustained the production of urban space over the centuries; in this way, the means of transport participate in the structuring of the urban space, articulating the center and its sub-centers with the peripheral spaces. This guarantees the permanence of processes that characterize socio-spatial inequality. In recent years, debates have orbited between environmental sustainability policies and urban mobility in the face of metropolization processes. The particularities of the Amazonian space require theoretical and methodological efforts capable of articulating the process of metropolization of space and the role developed by transport as an actuating element, articulating and regulating spatial interactions. Based on these elements, and assuming the object of this thesis, the objective proposed in this research is to analyze the main urban passenger transport system in the metropolitan area of Belém; seeks to understand the role of the State in relation to the main strategies identified in the territorialities of transport agents over the past two decades; to analyze the expression of these territorialities in the movements of expansion of the transport system and market, as an element that composes the process of metropolization of space by articulating the center with its sub centers and its peripheries, which guarantees the maintenance of the processes of socio-spatial inequality in the metropolitan space. The methodological procedures developed approximate the dialogues constituted by the theoretical foundation, supported in large volume in the analysis of data and information from primary sources, and secondary data - some worked in an environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS's) that put on and subsidize essential elements for the analytical approaches proposed in this thesis. The results of this research demonstrate phenomena intrinsic to public transport in the Amazon context, reveals the precariousness programmed in the passenger transportation service offered by the transport agents, with the consent of the State, reveal the metamorphoses in the capitals of the transport agents with predominant performance in the system, analyzes the corporate structure of the companies and the territorial movements that allow to affirm that there is active participation of the transport agents in the process of metropolization of Belém. In this way, public transport acts as a component of greatness in the process of metropolization of Belém and has had throughout its trajectory conflicts dimensioned in ruptures and continuities in the phenomenon of urban displacement of passengers.
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Desenvolvimento turístico na Amazônia: uma análise socioespacial fundada nos circuitos da economia urbana em Salinópolis, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-24) SILVA, Cleber Gomes da; TAVARES, Maria Goretti da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7796891525258446
Observing the characteristic differences in income and technological modernization common to underdeveloped countries, present in the Amazonian context, one defends the thesis that the socio-spatial organization of Salinópolis in Pará can be analyzed as a result of a dialectic relationship between the two circuits of the urban economy, constituted in the process of tourism development. This dynamic can be evidenced to some extent by differences in tourist flows; in labor relations; in organization, technology and spatial distribution of firms. In general terms, it presents itself as an alternative to grasp the implications of tourism praxis in urban space. Due to the multiple possibilities of approach on the subject and the need to overcome more economical conceptions, an alternative of critical analysis is sought that has scope in the local reality. For this purpose, a case study was carried out in the municipality of Salinópolis in the state of Pará, made possible by documentary, bibliographic research, interviews and georeferencing of areas appropriate for tourism in the urban space. Representatives of 100 tourist firms were interviewed, specifically from the lodging facilities and restaurants; 100 residents and 200 tourists. Based on the organization of these data, the thesis was organized, in addition to the introduction and conclusion in three more chapters. In the first chapter, the theoretical approaches of the thesis are discussed and in the second, the role of tourism in the socio-spatial formation of the city is described. The third chapter highlights the relationship between tourism development in the production of urban economy circuits, demonstrated from the results of the field research. Concludes that there is a coexistence of two tourism circuits in the urban economy, responsible for inequalities in socio-spatial organization The results of the analysis can directly contribute to the formulation of proposals for policies, projects and research that allow the emergence of tourism reproduction alternatives capable of contemplating the interests of society at the local scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmicas territoriais, dendeicultura e produção de culturas alimentares: o caso do município de Moju, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-25) SANTOS, Cleison Bastos dos; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
We have exposed in this work the doctorate thesis titled: LAND USE, OIL PALM FARMING AND PRODUCTION OF FOOD CROPS: An Analysis of Family Farmers Integrated with the Company Agropalma, in the municipality of Moju, PA, Brazil. We defend in the thesis that oil palm farming reduces food production in the locations where it is implemented. Our hypothesis is that this reduction occurs because the implementation of family agriculture projects with oil palm cultivation requires two essential resources: labor and land. In the specific case of pilot projects I (2002) and III (2005), integrated with the company Agropalma, the occupation of the area was different compared with the occupation of the area of project IV (2006). We aimed to analyze the impacts of oil palm farming expansion on food production by the family groups integrated with the productive chain of oil palm in the municipality of Moju. We wished, in this study, just as Nahum and Santos (2015), to geographically interpret the oil palm farming dynamics in the municipality of Moju starting at the category of used land (Santos; Silveira, 2001). We used, in this study, two methodologically complementary procedures: The analytical methodology based on the periodization and event concepts by Santos (2006) and Santos and Silveira (2001), which allowed us to think of a previous time (T1), the arrival of events (projects), and a period of time after the implementation of the projects (T2); and the operational methodology composed of literature review, cartographic surveys, structured and semi-structured interviews, and field work. The thesis is structured in three parts: In the first chapter, we analyze the land use by small family farmers prior to the arrival of family projects with oil palm crops. We used the peasant farm category by Woortmann (1983) to empirically show those dynamics. In those properties, land uses were subjected to different forms of work, solidarity bonds, and production systems. Their productions aimed at both consumption (use) and sale (exchange). In the second chapter, we show the events that shaped the family agriculture projects with oil palm farming in the Alto Moju and PA 150 regions, in the municipality of Moju. We analyzed, above all, the events that enabled the emergence of projects I (Arauaí I) and project II (Arauaí II), part of the Association of Community Development of the Arauaí Sector (Associação do Desenvolvimento Comunitário do Ramal do Arauaí - ASDECRA). In the third chapter, we analyze the transformations the process of integrating family projects to oil palm farming brought to land use, to the subjects, and to the production of food crops that fed the households and myriad remote homes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmicas territoriais no município de Salinópolis/PA: unidades espaciais, ações públicas e a conservação ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-27) SOUZA, Geisa Bethânia Nogueira de; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
Coastal spaces focus special attention with regard to ecological, political and social discussions contemporary because they are areas increasingly densely populated, encompass essential ecological functions and have huge economic importance. The production of space on the Amazon coast points to a diversified reproduction movement, causing problems related to the natural, social and economic dynamics, what resonates in contradictions that are revealed in the fragility of the public actions in the coastal municipalities. The Municipality of Salinópolis concentrates a diversity of socio-spatial practices marked by the complexity of the activities established in its spatial reproduction process. This study focuses on the territorial dynamics in the municipality of Salinópolis from the forms of use throughout the space production process. Analyzes that the use today generates social and environmental inconsistencies, with significant loss of its natural and landscape resources, which reveals that coastal policies are often economistic, giving priority to certain activities such as tourism and the urbanization. Several public actions are taking place in the municipality to manage productive activities. These actions can cause conflicts due to the discrepancy of land use that does not show concordance with social dynamics and environmental conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção do espaço, dinâmicas territoriais e vetores técnicos na zona costeira do estado do Pará: uma geografia da subsunção e das exterioridades: uma geografia das águas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-01) SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
This Doctoral Thesis in Geography is a study case about the Brazilian State of Pará’s Coastal Zone as a spatial outline that synthesizes Amazonian particularities, and at the same time, clearly illustrates the constitutive and structuring Brazilian space formation elements. The investigation aims to understand the importance of land ownership (in a broad sense, involving water resources, in its multiple dimensions, thus being the property of land and water), for the reproduction of local elites as hegemonic agents, in the control of production of space, territorial ordering and in the regulation of forms and the value of labor. In the “compensatory activities”, we see a formal subsumption reproduction foundation that characterized the horizontal pact between local oligarchies that founded Brazilian space formation, which structures the Brazilian national state, after overcoming the particular spatial formations inherited from colonization. It defends the analysis of spatial structures, territorial dynamics and, particularly, the change in the development vectors of the State of Pará’s Coastal Zone as tools to understand the historical transition from formal to real subsumption in Brazilian space formation (which, in the Amazonian case, took place in the truculent form of the “Great Projects” imposition), with the production of counter spaces that materialize and spatialize the externalities of capital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O meio natural na Amazônia paraense: paisagem, configuração espacial e dinâmica social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-26) CARVALHO, Ana Cláudia Alves de; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
This research is part of the project developed by the research group Territorial Dynamics of Rural Space in the Amazon - GDEA, in which Nahum (2018) proposes the use of geographic concepts that make it possible to analyze the Amazon region of Pará geographically and specifically its formation process. According to Nahum (2019), the Amazon went through a succession and coexistence of geographical environments, the natural environment being characterized by rural workers relations linked to extractivism; followed by a technical environment marked by an agrarian period linked to agricultural activities; and a technical scientific-informational environment, which is rural, with agro-industrial activities, making up the current panorama. The idea is defended that the natural environment to which the Amazon passed comprises the period from 1616 to 1966. The year 1616 marks the foundation of the city of Belém, and thus the beginning of the formation of the future General Company of Pará and Maranhão, defined as the starting point, and 1966 dates the beginning of “Operation Amazônia”, a set of investments aimed at the development of the region, as the point of arrival. Taking this into account, we support the thesis of the existence of a natural environment in the Amazon region of Pará, seeking to build a periodization of said area, to show the spatial movement that structured its formation. For this research, the landscape, spatial configuration, and social dynamics in these three and a half centuries will be characterized, and thus singularize the natural environment in the Amazon region of Pará. Thinking about such a concept requires us to understand that the existence of the geographic environments characterized by Santos and Silveira (2001) are spatial readings that have the technique as reference. This research aims to go beyond historical, economic, and sociological contributions, to raise evidence from a periodization as to how the landscape, spatial configuration and social dynamics of each period enabled the Amazon to reach its current stage. Considering the analytical methodology of the research, it is understood that space is the fundamental category to understand the idea of period, event, and periodization in Santos (2008). As an operational methodology, a bibliographical review was carried out on the Amazon region of Pará from 1616 to 1966, in order to build the necessary database to understand the landscape, spatial configuration and social dynamics of the study area. Incorporating Geography into the methodological process becomes a challenge that is sought to be overcome, however, here is an attempt.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção do espaço ribeirinho na Amazônia: uma análise a partir do contexto espacial em comunidades das ilhas de Abaetetuba-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) FERREIRA, Denison da Silva; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
The analysis undertaken here aims to emphasize the riverside dimension of space in the Amazon region of Tocantins in Pará, taking as its starting point the insular portion of the municipality of Abaetetuba, Northeastern Pará State, locally known as the ―Abaetetuba islands‖. We defend as a guiding thesis the existence of a riparian space production process in the Amazon, with regard to the study area, which is not an ―isolated‖ process, but integrates the broader movement of production in the regional space. The research is structured in four moments or analysis axes, preceded by the final considerations. At first, dissolved in the first chapter, we describe general aspects about the empirical spatial context from which we are proposing the construction of the research, that is, the Amazon region of Tocantins and particularly the islands of Abaetetuba. This is a preliminary characterization of the empirical reality to be studied, where aspects referring to both the territorial configuration and the riverside social dynamics will be considered. In the second and third moments (understood in the second and third chapters), we propose an exercise of regression, that is, of reconstituting some historical-spatial processes that had important correlations with the production of riverine space in the region, especially in the islands of Abaetetuba, such as the creation of the villages commanded by the missionaries during the first phase of Portuguese colonization in the region; the creation of captaincies and land grants; the establishment of Indian directories; the introduction of black slaves in the region; as well as the more systematic development of the sugarcane mills economy already in a post-colonial situation. In the fourth moment, we propose a return to the riverside spatial context in the present time, seeking to understand it in a more enlightened, resignified way. At this point, we take as a starting point the political organization strategies, especially those linked to land use, in view of their correlations with the dynamics of production in the riverside space. In line with the purposes of the research, we chose the (social) production of space as the guiding theory, placing the debates in the horizons opened by the dialectical perspective raised mainly in the writings of the philosopher Henri Lefebvre, whose foundations proved to be pertinent and adaptable to the development of the analysis proposed here. We start from the principle that the social practices projected in a given space also translate into space production practices. This production, however, does not refer strictly to the production of things, objects, or goods, but refers its understanding to the existence of social relations, which includes the production of objects and the production of space in a broad sense. It is from this perspective that we raise this analysis with the islands of Abaetetuba as the empirical locus of the research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Antropoceno na Amazônia: holoceno em curso ou prelúdio de uma nova época geológica do homem?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) PONTE, Franciney Carvalho da; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
The Natural Domains of the Brazilian Amazon present a high biogeographic diversity, favored by the complex geological substratum and equatorial climate, both predominant in the Amazonian landscape, located in the northern portion of Brazil, covering an area equivalent to 40% of the national territory (~3.7 million Km2). Human expansion in the Amazon has produced a series of transformations in its natural resources. In this sense, this work aimed to perform a retrospective on the trajectory of human beings in the Amazonian domains, through the spatialization of anthropogenic evidences and analysis of anthropogenic indicators, likely to be associated with precepts of the Anthropocene, made possible by a geographical perspective. The analysis raised the aspects of both morphoclimatic and phytogeographic domains, highlighting their dominant landscapes and natural systems, through biophysical compartmentalization, working as a substrate in the analysis of the dynamics of socio-spatial events and the materialized evidences of human action in the landscapes, under a broad temporal spectrum - the Holocene. The research was based on a holistic and integrative approach of variables, related to both natural and socio-spatial aspects, from a systemic vision, aimed at sizing and measuring the patterns of use of natural resources, the anthropogenization degree of natural domains and the proposition of anthropogenic landscapes/structures. In this sense, the research revealed that these domains currently present a very significant anthropogenic percentage of approximately 70%, the result of a broad and diverse socio-spatial dynamic, which attributed to the region a marked variability of human macrosystems and semi-natural landscapes embedded in apparently natural ecosystems. However, it was detected that this estimate is probably underestimated, if we consider the evidence, according to a cumulative perspective, reaching a value around 150%, that is, 50% above the total area of the study, which denounces a high anthropogenic pressure in the region. Given the above, and considering the Anthropocene precepts, centered on the anthropogenic conception, it is suggested that the Amazon region contains anthropogenic landscapes, substantially altered, for at least four thousand years AP, when much of its domains were already occupied and significantly used and managed by human groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metropolização e produção da moradia: uma análise das novas (velhas) condições do habitar e do morar na metrópole Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-18) COSTA, Léa Maria Gomes da; RODRIGUES, Jovenildo Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9028575905648156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-1168
The modern city drift of the advent of the industrial capitalist production mode, that forged the metropolitan space as one of the primordial elements for its consolidation and expansion. With the transition of capitalism to a flexible production system and global interaction, dispersion becomes the principal mark of the urban-metropolitan expansion. Had by reference the role that the residential settlements, especially the derivatives of habitational-politics, have in the process of Belém‟s metropolization, wonders: is there similarities between the habitational‟s production and popular dwelling developed on the second half of 20th century and the one that develops in the first quarter of 21st century? This question guided the research now presented, that had by its principal objective comprehend the principles that guide the popular dwelling‟s production in the context of Belém's metropolization and the process of disruption and continuity that guide the production at the beginning of the century. The defended thesis is that the recent Belém‟s metropolitan disperse form constitutes expression, product, environment and condition of determinations of the city‟s capitalist production, that is revealed by a desigual geographical development, which is expressed, on the popular dwelling scope, by maintenance of peripheral pattern of localization of habitation‟s formal production and by the reinforcement of the precarious conditions to which they are submitted the populares settlements in the metropolitan space. The theorization about the space‟s production oriented the methodological procedures of research, that started with the bibliographical study aimed at the theoretical-conceptual review and deepening of themes as: urbanization, metropolization, metropolitan restructuration and housing‟s production forms. This studies were sequenced by a documental investigation about the housing politics developed in Brazil as of the 20th century; the implementation of the housing programs in Belém‟s Metropolitan Region (RMB); study of historical maps and data survey in Demographic Census of 1991, 2000 and 2010 about the basic conditions of urban infrastructure on RMB. The documentary investigation was complemented for empiric studies developed by a fieldwork; data survey on the Pará‟s Housing Company and RMB municipality‟s Housing Secretaries, that culminated with the realization of interviews with a technician from the Metropolitan Transport Management Center and with Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba municipality‟s Housing Secretaries. The survey and data systematization subsidized the analytical process and the elaboration of thematic maps. The reasearch‟s results allow to infer that on the dwelling production field are found important keys to comprehend the current phase of the Belém‟s metropolitan dispersion. One of these keys is the increase of social spatial inequality, that is expressed in the popular territories, whose expansion reproduces both the precarious housing conditions, and its distance, concrete and/or symbolic, in relation to urban varolization areas; whether they are represented by the traditional center or by the new centralities forged from the territorial enclaves produced by the real estate market in the metropolitan periphery.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Heteroendogenia intraurbana: reestruturação urbana e da cidade de Marabá-PA a partir de três centros e centralidades econômicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-29) SILVA, Mauro Emilio Costa; RODRIGUES, Jovenildo Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9028575905648156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-1168
The objective of the research is to understand how the process of urban and city restructuring of Marabá has been taking place, through the processes of center and centrality in the socioeconomic dimensions, whose spatial scope are the three central areas of the nuclei, namely: Marabá Pioneer, Nova Marabá and Cidade Nova in the period between 2000 and 2020. Although the analysis is based on the three intraurban spatial fractions mentioned and with indicated temporal clipping, it was sometimes necessary to insert long-distance sway mentions to to substantiate the scope of the research, as well as to go back in time in order to apprehend the spatial processes that determined the formation of the Maraba territory, apprehended in the forms and even functions that still persist and coexist with "new" dynamics, establishing a dialectical relationship between the traditional-modern and its resistance, coexistence and suppression. It became necessary to insert the discussion about modernity in order to understand the manifestations of this phenomenon in space through polycentric urban centralities, that is, materiality under technical support modern production and consumption. Thus, the economic centers and centralities emerge, with their greater significance of reconfiguration in the urban fabric, for services and trade activities, interpreted as polycentrality by the technical-transnational content it carries. The phenomenon of centrality produces substantial changes in urban content, which denotes the creation and / or intensification of central areas, complexing the intelligibility of the relations of both inter scalarity and intra-urban spatial interaction. Given this reality, we carried out the analysis in order to unveil the dynamics of the three centers that promote interscalarity by the facet of services and commerce, the same factors being associated with the social factor that was used to understand the relationships of intra-urban spatial interaction, in addition to an urban subsystemic perspective, aiming to apprehend complementarities and competitiveness among themselves. In this way, we consider that the contribution of the thesis results from the set of empirical elements raised and assessed as spatial dynamics, whose results apprehend that the concepts, center and urban centrality exerts significant importance when it is envisaged to recognize the process of urban and city restructuring, through the treatment of secondary and primary data, these, obtained through interlocution through various operational methodologies applied to subjects, resident, consumer, worker, capital and state, highlighting that it is a (multi) polycentric city composed of three interrelational polymorphic inter-scale centers, that is, with its particular forms, whose spatial expression is it verifies in the urban landscape of each center and the economic centralities with their respective interbred endogenous and exogenous contents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Políticas de energia no Brasil: difusão de usinas hidrelétricas para a indústria agropecuária na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-25) PENHA, Luciano Rocha da; BACKHOUSE, Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-9637; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024
Energy policies in Brazil have been undergoing several reforms to implement privatization, using concessions for private companies, creating the energy market with differences in energy economic agents. At the same time as politics, the country is under global pressure to invest in renewable energy. Among these energies stand out as SHPs. The increase in water availability in the Legal Amazon, the diffusion by expansion of SHPs and UHEs around the agricultural industry in the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Pará, Maranhão and Rondônia is underway. This is when the connection between the spaces of these water plants and the obstinate nature of silos, warehouses and slaughterhouses is done. The diffusion of these PCHs and UHEs are materialized in the plants in operation, in the plants under study and in the plants with study processes. The main objective of this work was to analyze how the current global energy transition has influenced energy policies in Brazil. The specific objectives were: to understand how energy policies in Brazil have contributed to increasing the diffusion of UHEs and SHPs around the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon; understand how energy policy and the energy market in Brazil have been reflected in the increase in demand for hydropower in the Legal Amazon; demonstrate how the territorial-productive dynamics of soy work, as well as the surroundings of silos and warehouses and livestock (refrigerators) which cause the demand for electricity to increase, therefore, in more constructions of small and large hydroelectric plants in the Legal Amazon. The methodology used was a bibliographical review of a theoretical-methodological nature of Geography, Sociology, Engineering and Economics. Documentary analysis on energy policy and planning in Brazil. Primary and secondary data collected on the websites of IBGE, ME, ANEEL, EPE, MAPA and ODS. Finally, maps, graphs, tables and maps were built, as well as figures extracted from documents. The form of presentation of these data was in a graphical form. It is concluded that the diffusion of hydropower plants in the Legal Amazon is underway, because the PCHs are renewable and the UHEs can be built by run-of-river, as well as this diffusion is induced by the demand for energy from the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon. As well, this diffusion is also fostered by the global climate change policy that influences the global energy transition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre concebido, percebido e vivido: efeitos da turistificação e patrimonialização na produção do espaço do Círio de Nazaré em Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-15) SERRA, Débora Rodrigues de Oliveira; AMARAL, Márcio Douglas Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6997234298024427; TAVARES, Maria Goretti da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7796891525258446
The Círio de Nazaré in Belém-PA has attracted flows of visitors since its origins, but from the midtwentieth century, with the advance of capitalism, the Church, agents of marketing offer and public authorities started to organize and intensify actions for the expansion of that attractiveness touristic, as well as to act in the heritagization of that event. Such processes stand out in the production of the space of this festivity and can be analyzed from the Lefebvrian dialectical triad of perceived, conceived and lived spaces, where the hegemony of some agents who make up what Gramsci understands as integral State is revealed in actions that they mix consensus and coercion. Thus, this research analyzes the production of the Círio de Nazaré space through the processes of its touristification and heritagization, investigating the agents involved in them, the coercive and consensual control strategies used in the conceived space and its effects on the festivity’s perceived and lived spaces, as well as the contradictions, pointing out from actions subversive to the market logic the viability of restitution of the Festival. For this purpose, the main methodological procedures are survey and bibliographical and documentary research, field observation and semi structured interviews. The research demonstrates that the hegemonic agents of touristification and heritagization of the Círio de Nazaré have sought to expand their domain over the this festivity’s space, based on the capitalist logic, masking contradictions that, when identified by subordinate agents, leverage actions that can contribute to the construction of a new hegemony.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Territórios e territorialidades de comunidades extrativistas na dinâmica de apropriação e uso do patrimônio natural no interior e entorno do parque ambiental de Mosqueiro-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-23) DINIZ, Francisco Perpetuo Santos; TAVARES, Maria Goretti da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7796891525258446
This is a research that analyzes the territorial control strategies by different subjects involved in the dynamics of the formation of territories and territorialities of the natural heritage in the context of the interior and surroundings of the Municipal Environmental Park of Mosqueiro. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a subaltern thesis as a result of the literature on the subject being mostly focused on the problematization of cultural heritage, as it is the first thesis on natural heritage that deals with the contexts of traditional populations in Amazonia and for presenting a dissonant discussion of official and hegemonic perspectives in technical and academic circles. This research was supported by the spatial dialectic of destructive construction by considering socio-spatial conflicts and contradictions that involve the appropriation and use of natural heritage. It has a qualitative character, involved bibliographical, documentary and exploratory research with the accomplishment of field work with monitoring of cultural practices and nature management in the Extractive Communities Caruarú, Tucumandeu and Tamanduá, Pratiquara and Rio Murubira localities. Data were analyzed using discourse and content analysis techniques. The research problem was supported by the understanding of tensions, conflicts and socio-spatial practices that resulted from the institutionalization of the Mosqueiro Environmental Park. The central question of the research revolved around the understanding of how islanders appropriated and used the natural heritage mediated by the promotion of territories and territorialities. The guiding questions asked which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage within and around the Park and how did they exercise territorial control? What were the territorialities that were configured in natural heritage control practices and how were they related and conflicted? How did the appropriation of nature occur in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how were they configured in alternative strategies for the possession of natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective? The general objective sought to analyze the dynamics of appropriation and use of nature in the non-urbanized part of Mosqueiro (Parque), which was configured as a process and formation of territories and territorialities of natural heritage. The specific objectives intended to identify and map which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage inside and around the Park and analyzing how they exercised territorial control; Identify and discuss which territorialities were configured in natural heritage control practices and how they related and conflicted. To verify and analyze the appropriation and use of nature in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how they were configured in alternative strategies of possession of the natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective. The central thesis of the research is based on the understanding that natural heritage results from socio-spatial practices that involve the territorialization of power resulting from social, historical and spatial conditions permeated by the management of nature. Therefore, it has no innate value and does not express the gathering of natural elements dissociated from the socio-spatial whole.
Desconhecido
As repercussões socioterritoriais da atividade de mineração no município de Barcarena estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-31) CHAGAS, Simone Franceska Pinheiro das; SILVA, João Márcio Palheta da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5356047514671129; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-4639
: Our objective in this article is to analyze from the perspective of geography the debate that brings the New Mining Code (NCM). Our purpose is to critically reflect on the roleof mining within the Brazilian geographic space, where mining territories have different degrees of socio-environmental processes and conflicts. The central idea is to analyze the production model that exploits mineral resources on land use planning, and thus further instigatethe debate that has been made by society to think of another mining code, which in fact is sovereign and guarantees the Brazilian society the appropriation of wealth and the debate aboutwhat we want! What are our real interests? What does it mean to choose a type of economic exploitation that disregards society and its real interests? It implies the new mining code to interfere in the territories and impose a perverse deterritorialization on the interests of Braziliansociety, a savage territoriality. What is at stake in the new mining code by weakening the powerof the state to regulate mineral goods and to increase revenue, disregarding the real interests ofBrazilian society? These are essential issues in the debate about the use of territory, which we seek to analyze in this article.
Desconhecido
Territorialização da pecuária na Amazônia paraense: uma análise na região de integração do Guamá, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-26) GUILHERME JÚNIOR, José Antônio; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
The advance of cattle ranching in the Amazon is expressed in extensive fractions of the regional territory. From the 1960s onwards, this phenomenon will become more intense. In the case of the state of Pará, several fronts have noticed an increase in cattle breeding. The Região de Integração do Guamá is located in the Nordeste do Pará, the oldest agrarian frontier in the Eastern Amazon, a space of intense anthropic action and whose colonization was related to family farming based on small properties. In this territory, cattle ranching has manifested itself in the intensification of local deforestation, in the creation of centers for the concentration of activity and in the use of urban infrastructure to transport and improve production. In order to understand this reality, we chose a time frame that would guarantee a view of the process, in this sense, the last three agricultural censuses (1996, 2006, 2016) are taken as a reference. In the research, primary and mainly secondary data were used. Cattle ranching in the Região de Integração do Guamá is concentrated in some municipalities, having shown a deceleration in the growth rate in the last ten years analyzed. The road and service infrastructure supports the consolidation of cattle breeding in the region.
Desconhecido
Dinâmicas territoriais na Amazônia paraense: da relação entre planejamento regional e espaço agrário à pecuária bovina em Novo Repartimento-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-26) RIBEIRO, Mílvio da Silva; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
The present research defends the thesis that the agrarian dynamic of the Paraense Amazon results from the relationship between agrarian space and state planning. This relationship was verified in the dynamics of cattle ranching in Novo Repartimento-PA. The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between regional planning and agrarian space, in the municipality of Novo Repartimento, considering the dynamics of cattle ranching on pasture. Methodologically, the research is structured in two moments: in the first moment, a contextual retrospective was elaborated that shows policies, plans and programs forged for the Paraense Amazon, specifically from the 1960s until 1980. In the second moment, the research was configured in a perspective in which cattle ranching is considered as determined from the relationship between agrarian space and regional planning, examined in the period from 1990 to 2020. The central variables of the research related to the dynamics of cattle ranching were areas (deforestation in rural properties) and landscape unit (pastures). The research points out that the relationship between regional planning and agrarian space in the Eastern Amazon, objectively in the municipality promotes spatial processes, having as its logic, cattle ranching as a commodity and social relation. The forms of land appropriation are not only elements of the production of cattle ranching, but they generate other forms of uses. The expansion of the activity in the municipality disqualifies the characteristics and cultural actions of the players, who resided before the arrival of cattle ranching in the area. The state, programs, projects and laws are configured in the agrarian space in the form of credits and tax incentives, which favor the expansion of cattle ranching. In this way, the spatial dynamics of cattle ranching occurs as a forest-policy-pasture-grown-market-consumption continuum. The ranches and the oxen are the physical expressions of the relationship between space and politics, but it is only the tip of the iceberg, because there are other problems arising from the context of commodity production in the Amazon. The research is organized as follows: Introduction and four chapters (the first, deals with Planning and Agrarian Space, as conceptual terms and the contextual situations of the research; the second, presents Regional Planning and ranching in the middle Tocantins River between 1960 and 1980; the third, addresses the Conversion of forests into pastures in Novo Repartimento-PA; and in the fourth, State Planning and ranching in Novo Repartimento-PA were discussed); finally, the final considerations of the research are presented.
Desconhecido
Dinâmica territorial do povo Galibi Kali’na de Oiapoque-AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-28) CUNHA, Evilania Bento da; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
The research focus on to present the territorial dynamics of the Galibi Kali'na people, mainly with regard to Brazil's territorialization. The Kali'na are a native people, whose origin space is starting from Venezuela to French Guiana and, in July 1950, when moving through the Guiana Plateau, in the French Guiana area, they rebuilt their life on the right banks of the Oiapoque river, in the state of Amapá – Brazil. The absence of a geographical point of view of the Kali'na's process in Brazil prompted us to propose a thesis, considering that it is an unknown subject in the academic universe of Geographic Science, since the research did not only address issues related to an Indigenous Territory, but to an autochthonous group that made migration with international negotiations. We ask ourselves how the process of occupation and installation of this group in Brazil took place, since this territory was not part of their displacement route? What political and institutional articulations were necessary to move for the demarcation of the Galibi Indigenous Land? Why was this specific Indigenous Land in the Oiapoque region the first to be homologated? What elements defined the demarcated area? What factors interfered in the population dynamics of Galibi's Indigenous Land? What is sustained in terms of thesis is that the territorial dynamics of Kali'na, considering their experiences in French Guiana and its installation in Brazil, occurred due to a political mobilization of this people who, although were formed by just a few families, made the migration. Upon arriving in Brazil, they had the first Indigenous Land demarcated in the Oiapoque region by Decree 87,844 of 11/24/1982. And even with commercial relations established since French Guiana and that continued when arriving in Brazil with agriculture as the main economic activity - which is being changed to the service sector, especially in the condition of public servers. This work aims to analyze the territorial dynamics of the Galibi Kali'na of Oiapoque in the seventy years of their presence in Brazil, taking into account three elements of/in the territorial dynamics, namely: 1. The displacement of this people from French Guiana to Brazil and the socio-political-economic context; 2. Their installation and relationships established with the new land from the point of view of nature and society; 3. The Kali'na's own view of the Territory. To achieve this general objective, we list the following specific ones: to verify the expanded territory of Galibi Kali'na people in the northern arc of the Guianas; understand the formation process of the Kali'na Territory in Brazil; to map the organization of the Galibi Kali'na and the challenges of the Galibi Indigenous Land. We made use of a space-time methodology, with temporal cut being the 70s, since the territorialization in Brazil and as spatial one, the Galibi Indigenous Land itself. The bibliographic research was built throughout the doctorate, in the subjects taken, the participation in events and in the various interactions, with the goal of subsidizing the understanding of concepts of territory, territorial dynamics, Kali'na people, decoloniality. The Kali'na lived through different institutional arrangements in their territorialization in Brazil; to come to this conclusion, we used documentary research as instrument to demonstrate the legal agreements established by these people and the generation of new documents and maps from oral reports formally granted through interviews and informally through everyday conversations. Field research with immersion of experience helped with the continuity and choices taken during the thesis building. The organization of the thesis results is developed in four chapters: the first, entitled “Territory, concepts and experiences”, presents the conceptual basis; the second one, “The context of Kali'na migration”, makes a historical and documentary retrospective of the political and institutional situation in Brazil and French Guiana on the decision part of that people took to leave the Guiana; the third, “Territorialization of the Kali'na in Oiapoque Brazil”, presents the elements of territorialization, the use and reproduction of land, the spatial organization based on culture and the school as a mediator of flows; the fourth, “The Kali’na view of the territory: social cartography in perspective”, using the methodology of social cartography to show how the Kali’na see themselves in the territory.
Desconhecido
Da patrimonialização global ao patrimônio-territorial amazônico: a singularidade da Feira do Ver-o-Peso em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-31) GONÇALVES, Sabrina Forte e Silva; COSTA, Everaldo Batista da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6223294904658578; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-0734-6680; TAVARES, Maria Goretti da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7796891525258446
The object of this research is the Ver-o-Peso Fair, located in the city of Belém do Pará, as a popularly activated territorial heritage. That is, it intends to understand the fair as a territory where sociocultural practices and popular memorials, ancestral knowledge and doings, maintained by subjects historically subalternized by the processes of territorial formation in Latin America, resist; and to investigate what risks this heritage-territory faces in the face of urbanization, especially the processes of global patrimonialization. The following objectives are proposed: to identify and analyze which elements and practices of Amazonian culture give notoriety to the Ver-o-Peso Fair, as a popularly activated territorial heritage facing risks in the face of the global patrimonialization process; to identify who are the subjects that activate and how the popular activation of the territorial heritage of the Ver-o-Peso Fair is constituted; and to identify which risks the territorial heritage faces in the face of global patrimonialization. Thus, we start from the dialectical relationship between the urban economy, global patrimonialization and activated territorial heritage, to investigate the fair from the problem-questions: Which elements and practices of the Amazonian culture consecrate the Ver-o-Peso Fair as a popularly activated territorial heritage, facing risks in the face of the global patrimonialization process? And more specific questions, such as: Who are the subjects that activate the territorial heritage of the Ver-o-Peso Fair and resist the processes of global patrimonialization? How is the popular activation of the territorial heritage of the Ver-o-Peso Fair, faced with the process of global patrimonialization? What are the risks faced by the popular cultural elements and practices that make Feira do Ver-o-Peso a territorial heritage in face of global patrimonialization? The geographical approach to the research is guided by the historical-dialectical materialist method, starting from the inter-scalar dimension of the universal – particular – singular movement of contemporary urbanization, in order to understand how the mechanisms of global patrimonialization are particularized in the Central Area of Belém and land on a social fact represented by a territory appropriated secularly by sociocultural relations. In this way, the cultural dimension of the territory is privileged, whose thesis is based on the perspective of heritage utopisms, as a theoretical-methodological proposal focused on the Latin American reality, seeking to understand the spatial contradictions and social vulnerabilities generated by the universal Eurocentric logic of global urbanization/patrimonialization particularized in the Ver-o-Peso Fair. And at the same time, capture elements and values of spatial order that activate and highlight the Fair as a territory guardian of memories and ancestral social and cultural practices. The research found that heritage utopianisms are already underway at the fair, ratifying the thesis that: the Ver-o-Peso fair is an Amazonian heritage-territory popularly activated and fundamental for the maintenance of ancestral life, from the metropolis. It is represented by the singularities of handicrafts, herbs and medicinal remedies, typical spices such as Maniva and Tucupi, and Afro-religious elements and practices. However, it is impacted by contemporary urbanization mechanisms, such as: urban requalification projects and heritage policies aimed at the tourist market, which trigger risks of re-signification and loss of identity. Thus, the thesis brings a contribution to the debate of the contradictions linked to heritage, to rethink new proposals for preservation, from the existential perspective of the subjects that compose it.
Desconhecido
Geograficidade e espacialidades urbanas na Amazônia: o caso das juventudes reassentadas em Altamira-PA com a construção da UHE Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-27) CONCEIÇÃO, Ronicleici Santos da; OLIVEIRA, Assis da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1543002680290808; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-3207-7400; HERRERA, José Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024
This thesis analyzes the urban spatialities of resettled young people, affected by the compulsory displacement caused by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the Xingu Integration Region, Pará, Amazonia since 2011. This study reveals the complexity of the changes and challenges faced by young people and offers insights if other similar projects are planned for and in the region. Compulsory displacement has resulted in the severing of material and immaterial ties with their former territories, leading to the reconfiguration of spatial dynamics. In addition, these groups have been demonstrating resilience, constructing multiple identities and subjectivities and circumventing socio-spatial inequalities. Although the resettlements offer better physical facilities than the palafitas, socio-spatial segregation persists, and young people continue to face a nuance of these inequalities in their daily lives. This highlights the importance of considering not only the physical infrastructure of the housing context, but also the economic, social, political and cultural dimensions - when designing projects of this nature. A critical aspect is the need to consider the multiple temporalities involved in these processes, recognizing that each resettled person has a unique trajectory and experiences for and with the geographic space. This points to the importance of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the impacts of major projects in the region, with a focus on the well-being of local communities, especially young people who face real and significant challenges in (re)constructing their urban spatialities. The study reveals various aspects of youth in the Jatobá and Laranjeiras Collective Urban Resettlements (RUC), highlighting that creating new spatialities requires time, through the space that conditions youth relations, as well as socio-spatial relations that shape space, such as the rupture of the border between the RUC and the city's public spaces, from which new and old relationships are being (re)constructed, such as interactions with the job market, use of public spaces, recreational practices with the Xingu River, inclusion in social movements, insertion in criminalization, as well as the perpetuation of human rights violations.
Desconhecido
A geografia dos serviços de abastecimento públicos e privados de água relacionados às metas de universalização dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia brasileira (2008-2023)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) GUEDES, Michel Pacheco; BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253955182585852
The present thesis aims to analyze the water supply services based on geographic science and geographic space theory, as well as using the hypothetico-deductive method as a method of approach, with bibliographic and documental research as quantitative and qualitative method assigned to the secondary database, established in the research parameters, during the period between 2008 and 2023, plus the acting process of public and private companies which provide those services in the States of Pará and Amazonas, to give a comparison analysis between those service modalities from the parameters of the Basic Sanitation National System (SNIS) and the Basic Sanitation National Plan (PLANSAB), to identify if the management while serving the urban and rural population is efficient, and if the contractual goals are capable of reaching the sustainable development goals (ODS) for 2030. As for the theoretical basis, we utilized the reflection upon UN’s international documents, via “United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR),” together with a reading about environmental justice concepts, hydric crisis, and hydric justice. It was also considered: a debate about the actions of Globalization and Neoliberalism, and, how these phenomena, together with the local rules and laws influence in the setting of water regulation agencies as part of a privatization process of public water supply companies in the cities of Belém (PA), Manaus (AM), Barcarena (PA) and Parauapebas (PA), and how that process works in the geographic space of a fraction of the Brazilian Amazon.