Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - PPGEM/UNICAMP
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de um método para a análise da solidificação de metais superaquecidos em moldes cilíndricos refrigerados(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1983) MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; SANTOS, Rezende Gomes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8824197696621614This work presents a theoretical-experimental study on the solidification of metals, initially at a temperature above the melting point, in cooled cylindrical moulds. A literature survey was carried out regarding the heat transfer methods applied to solidification in metal/mould systems. Using a radial water cooled device simulating the solidification of cylindrical geometries, experimental values of the solidified thickness as function of time were obtained. A method was developed to analyse the solidification kinetics of superheated metals in cooled cylindrical moulds and the predictions furnished by this method were compared with the experimental data. Possible applications of the proposed method to the solution of practical problems in the foundry process 3re presented. Finally a comparative study of the solidification kinetics of solidified metals in plane, cylindrical and spherical geometries is presented.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo analítico experimental de um conjunto gaseificador(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1983) MORAES, Sinfrônio Brito; ISMAIL, Kamal Abdel Radi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2741276950055207The research subject proposed in this study is based on an examination of the parameters significant for the process of ascendent and counter-current gasification. The gasifier which was utilized was a module proto type. The lower module has an extenal diameter of 50 cm and an internail diameter of 42 cm, owing to the refractory and to the double walls designed for the heating of the incoming air. The upper module with an external diameter of 55 cm and an internal diameter of 50,6 cm, is similarly made of double walls in view of the extraction of gas being localized at different The two modules are joined to each other in such a way as to enable a variation in the height of the charging of the gasifier, as well as in the height of the outgoing gas. The process of gasification used in the study was that of air gas or low-BTU gas. The study was divided into two geometries by varying be tween them, the relation of the height of the outgoing gas and the diameter of the gasifier. When gas was extracted by the upper perforation with a relation δ = 3,09 it is denominated upper geometry andwhen δ=214, lower geometry. Five experimento involving different escapes of air were made for each of the geometries. Temperatus were measured at three different points of the gasifier in order to ascertain the behavior of the reaction zones according to the temperatures. The flows of air, gas, gasified coal and steam contained in the air were measured so that the analyses were made in terms of dimensional parameters. The composition of the gas was analyses chromografically in all the experiments undertaken, so as to determine the calorific potential of the gas, the percent of energy in each component of the resultant mixed gas, and the calorific power of the gasifier. In relation to the composition of air gas, the gasification behaved as if it were a mixture of water gas, owing to local ambiental condition. The composition presented, on analysis, parts of hydrogen and methane, thus contributing to an increase in the heating power of the gas and consequently, an increase in the heating potential of the gasifier.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise do processo de difusão atômica no estado sólido em sistemas unidirecionais e radiais(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1991-03-14) MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; SANTOS, Rezende Gomes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8824197696621614In this work an analytical method is proposed to study diffusion pro¬cess in the solid state in binary systems consisting of only one phase with unidirectional, cylindrical and spherical atomic fluxo Initially a literature survey is carried out regarding some of the most important methods applied to diffusion process in these systems. The method is developed from the differential equation which treats this process in systems with unidirectional atomic flux, that is modified by geometric correlation and convenient changes of variables. The modified differential equation is solved by using a well known exact solution based on the error function and equations are obtained to analyse both the position of the diffusion interface as a function of time and the concentration profiles as a function of the position and time. The predictions furnished by the analytical method are compared with numerical results. A comparative study of diffusion process in planar, cylindrical and spherical geometries is ais o presented. Finally possible applications of the proposed method to the solution of practical problems are discussed.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise dos parâmetros de influência na qualidade superficial de lingotes(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1992) QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; GARCIA, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1721691084829002Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Correlação entre condições de solidificação, microestrutura a resistência mecânica(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1999-02-02) QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; GARCIA, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1721691084829002Correlation among solidification conditions, microstructure and mechanical behavior / The imposition of a wide range of operational conditions in foudry and static casting generates, as a direct consequence, a diversity of solidification structures. Structural parameters such as grain size and interdendrictic spacings are highly influenced by the thermal behavior of the metal/mold system. during solidification, consequently imposing a close correlation between the described system and the resulting microstructure. The mechanical properties of an alIoy in its crude state of solidification depend on the microstructural arrangement defined in the solidification process. Under the circumstances, the mechanical behavior of the alIoy, represented by stresses and/or strains, wilI be defined by grain size, interdendritic spacings, casual porosities, segregated products and other phases. Expressions correlating the mechanical behavior with microstructural parameters are very useful in order to search for a type of previous planning of the solidification conditions in terms of a determined leveI of mechanical resistance which is intended to be attained, e.g. to settle a way of programming the microstructure and the mechanical properties as well. Particularly, the literature in this field presents relations between the yield strength of the material and the grain size, such as the renowned HalI-Petch's equation. The present work advances in that direction, in search of relations among mechanical behavior in the plastic field, secondary dendritic spacings and solidification conditions. In order to analyze an important variable of solidification in molds with good heat diffusivity, like the metal/mold heat transfer coefficient, alloys of the Sn-Pb system - with compositions Sn- 5%Pb, Sn- 10%Pb, Sn- 20%Pb, Sn- 38,1%Pb (eutectic) - besides the element tin, were chosen. The choice was made because such alloys are easily handled in laboratory and chiefly because their thermophysical properties are well known. Particularly the influences of the following operational conditions on hi were investigated: mold thickness, liquid metal superheating and magnitude of the solidification range. Experimental results related to the distribution of temperatures in metal and mold during solidification, as compared with the results of simulation with a numerical model, made it possible to attain of expressions, for each case, by relating hi in terms of time. Heat transfer from the external surface of the mold to the environment was also analyzed; in the same manner, expressions were developed correlating the mold/environment heat transfer coefficient hAmb in terms of time as well. To correlate parameters of dendritic structures and mechanical properties, the following alloys of the Al-Cu system were chosen: Al- 4,5%Cu; Al- 15%Cu. The same aforementioned analysis referring to hi and hAmb was extended to those alloys including the one of eutectic composition (Al- 33%Cu) and pure aluminum. Based upon results of standardized solidification tests, secondary dendritic spacing ( EDS ) and upon mathematical models of heat transfer and dendritic growth, expressions were developed correlating the ultimate tensile strength (σu) and specific elongation (δ) as a function of variables of the metallmold system. Thus it was a way towards the programming of the dendritic structure and the leveI of resistance as a function of preestablished operational conditions in the solidification process.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da resistência a corrosão do aço carbono revestido com Al55-Zn após deformação mecânica e tratamento térmico(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2001-01-12) BESERRA, Antonio Adelmo Freire; FREIRE, Célia Marina de Alvarenga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6392994144210466Analysis of the corrosion resistance of the 55AI-Zn coating on carbon steel after mechanical deformation and heat treatment The atmospheric corrosion resistance of 55%Al-Zn alloy coating on average is twelve times that of an equal thickness of galvanized coating. However, it has been shown that microcracks were observed at all levels of strain under simple uniaxial tension. Our research has been focused on determining the degree of corrosion experienced by these coatings after deformation under simple tension or bending and how much the heat treatment at '200 DEGREES' or '360 DEGREES' for 16h can influence the corrosion resistance of the coating. The coated sheet samples were strained to 10% or 15% engineering strain while another group of samples was bent to bend angles of '90 DEGREES' or '180 DEGREES'. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated trhough Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. As a result, it was observed that both the straining and the bending of the coating reduces its corrosion resistance. After the heat treatment at '360 DEGREES' the samples strained to 10% or 15% recover their corrosion resistance, but the specimens bended to '90 DEGREES' or '180 DEGREES' recuperate only partially the corrosion resistance after the heat treatments.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos do tipo, tamanho e teor de agregado graudo na resistencia e energia de fratura do concreto(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2004-09-28) POMPEU NETO, Bernardo Borges; DUCATTI, Vitor Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4679656185466685; FERREIRA, Itamar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9135346053526486This thesis presents the results of the experimental study carried out for considering the effects of the type, size and amount of coarse aggregate on the behavior of normal and high strength concretes, and on relationship among the fracture energy and typical mechanical strength of concrete. The experimental concrete mixtures were made with basalt and granite coarse aggregates having maximum size particle 9.5 mm e 19 mm and volumetrically fraction in the mixture ranging from 0.65 to 0.75. The water to cementation materiais ratio ranged from 0.35 to 0.50. The high strength concrete mixtures contained a fixed amount of 10 percent of silica fume in relation to the weight Portland cement used and a proper addition of superplasticizing agent. Sixteen (16) concrete batching, and one hundred and ninety two tests were carried out to measure the mechanical resistance of concrete (compressive strength, flexure strength, spittling tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) and fracture energy. The fracture properties measured in agreement of the RILEM test methods. The concrete compressive strength ranged from 40 to 60 MPa, and from 70 to 110 MPa, for moderate and high strength concretes, respectively, depending on the type of coarse aggregate utilized. The results showed that the concrete resistance (compressive, flexure, spittling tensile) and fracture energy, at given water to binder ratio, depend on type, particle dimension and content of coarse aggregate. The characteristic length of Hülerborg^ fictitions cracks model increases with the variation in the particle dimension of coarse aggregate.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Práticas do pensamento enxuto em ambientes administrativos: aplicação na divisão de suprimentos de um hospital público(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2007-03-21) LIMA, Adalberto da Cruz; LIMA, Paulo Corrêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8631074171256726This work has for goal introduces the lean thinking implementation in ssrvices administrative environments. The studied environment has like characteristic in the Material Supplies area, of public hospital. For so much, it used of the scientific methodology through the research-action strategy and of the modern managerial administration systems integration, suches like: Quality magement system, magement information system and magement system people like support base to the philosophy lean thinking implementation. The research study period, it began in 2003 and extended until final of 2005, with perfect interaction between researcher and the involved subjects. The found results were going collected and analyzed through technical of research for observation participate. Collaborators' participation was very important for the lean thinking implementation success in this sector. The data were going compiled in graphific of control for changes evaluation obtained along the project, changes in the organizacional structure and managerial also introduced significant results, as well as the results in the acquisition process. The work provided to the Supplies Division collaborators, they try new forms of managing the administrative process, fact this very debated.