BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2289

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPA (BDTD). Sistema Eletrônico de Teses e Dissertações (TEDE). Projeto BDTD/UFPA e Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem fitoquímica, determinação da atividade antiplasmódica in vitro e avaliação preliminar da toxicidade do extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (Apocynaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) GOMES, Luis Fábio dos Santos; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649; VASCONCELOS, Flávio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3695753129639448
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. The treatment of malaria is becoming increasingly difficult with the expansion of the cases of parasites resistant to drugs used in therapy. In this context, products isolated from plants have give an important contribution, representing an important source for obtaining new antimalarial drugs. Antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids of plant origin has been widely reported in the literature. Plants of the Apocynaceae family, rich in indole alkaloids have medicinal properties and some large species of the genus Aspidosperma have demonstrated antimalarial potential. Thus, this study aimed to perform a phytochemical approach, evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and toxicity in vitro preliminary of the hydroethanolic extract from the bark of A. excelsum, native of the Amazon region, where it is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including malaria. Antiplasmodial activity in vitro of different concentrations of the extract and alkaloidal and methanolic fractions was evaluated in cultures of P. falciparum W2 by the percentage of inhibition of parasitaemia and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h. The cytotoxicity assay of the extract and alkaloidal fraction was carried out on L929 mouse fibroblasts by MTT method and the testing of acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out according to the Fixed Dose Procedure adopted by the OECD with small modifications. The phytochemical approach revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugars, phenols and tannins and alkaloids, and these were confirmed in significant amounts in the alkaloidal fraction with chloroform fraction (C2). Through thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of the extract characterized the presence of the indole alkaloid yohimbine. The extract and fractions showed antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The extract showed the best activity in 24 h (IC50 = 5.2 ± 4.1 μg / mL), indicating a good activity schizonticide. Only C2 alkaloidal fraction showed a small but significant cytotoxicity (concentrations higher than 800 μg/mL). The extract not only cytotoxicity but also did not showed any obvious sign of toxicity in acute oral dose of 5000 mg/mL. The results indicate that the extract of Aspidosperma excelsum Benth presents promising potential antimalarial and deserves more detailed studies on antiplasmodial activity, aiming the isolation of active compounds and elucidation of their mechanisms of action.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem multiprofissional na assistência ao paciente com Diabetes Mellitus: uma revisão integrativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-30) SANTOS, Grace Kelly Cabral dos; PIANI, Pedro Paulo Freire; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6434100473666705
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as a chronic disease without visible symptoms at its beginning may have particular effects on the behavior of patients, as well as raising ways of how to approach the population in terms of regards its prevention. The symptomatological silence in the initial phase of the disease has repercussions on preventive behaviors and the chronicity of the disease, is an aspect that can favor the establishment of habits that become a patient's lifestyle or it can reduce care due to fatigue in following diets or guidelines, which implies another lifestyle in which guidelines about the disease are not the patient's priority. The component of subjectivity must be considered in any approach to disease in a health system that involves promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Here, subjectivity is understood as individual processes that directly imply adherence to health treatment (GUIMARÃES; MENEGHEL, 2003). DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia persistent, due to deficiency in insulin production or action, or in both mechanisms (SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE DIABETES, 2019). DM is a rapidly growing public health problem throughout the world. world. By 2021, the International Diabetes Federation projected that 16% of world population between 20 and 79 years of age, living with diabetes. And the estimate for the year 2045, it will be approximately 783 million people with Diabetes (INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION, 2021). In the Americas, estimates are that 62 million individuals live with DM, and these numbers tend to increase each year. To contain the advance of DM, there is a global agreement to reduce the number of DM and Obesity by the year of 2025 (PAHO, 2021a).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem nutricional em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: protocolo para nutricionistas da atenção primária à saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-13) QUEIROZ, Samara da Silva; CARVALHAL, Manuela Maria de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0708921042608519; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-1397-0471; GOMES, Daniela Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0014255351015569
The nutritionist plays an important role in Primary Health Care (PHC) to promote Food and Nutritional Education (FNE) to users with DM2, aiming to achieve better glycemic management, mitigate complications arising from the disease and offer an improvement in the quality of life of these people. Therefore, this work aims to develop a protocol for nutritional management with a focus on DM2 to be used by nutritionists working in PHC. This is a methodological, developmenttype study, divided into three phases: bibliographical survey; preparation of illustrative material and validation of content, appearance and applicability of the material by expert judges and APS nutritionists. To prepare the protocol, an integrative review was carried out to define the content based on the needs found by PHC nutritionists. For validation, two instruments were used in electronic format: a form for content validation and another for apparent validation. The data obtained was compiled and stored in the Microsoft Office Excel version 2016 program. For data analysis, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was applied to the panel of experts. In the analysis of data judged by the target audience, items with a minimum level of agreement of 75% in positive responses were considered validated. This study is part of the project entitled “Creation and validation of protocols for associated interventions to control Diabetes Mellitus in primary health care” and all ethical aspects were respected, in accordance with Resolution 466/12, of the National Health Council. In validation content, the overall CVI average was 0.92, indicating an excellent degree of agreement among experts. Regarding validation with the target audience, a degree of agreement greater than 75% was obtained. At the end, the material was reviewed, adapting the protocol and creating illustrations. Given the above, it is concluded that the tool was validated, which attests to the effectiveness, relevance and applicability of the technology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Piper Aduncum e dilapiol em infecções de pele
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-25) FERREIRA, Roseane Guimarães; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1034534634988402
Piper aduncum L. is a plant with several biological properties such as antimicrobial activity, which is mainly associated with the action of its essential oil rich in dilapiolle. In recent years, the occurrence of skin infections caused by bacteria and fungi increased considered shape. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil of P. aduncum (OEPA) and dilapiolle, its major constituent, against pathogenic skin micro-organisms and their attachments. The antimicrobial activity was performed using the microdilution method and Forming Units count Cologne (UFC) for determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the Bactericidal Concentration Minimum (CBM) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (CFM). These plant compounds were tested against the filamentous fungi dermatophytes (FFD) and not dermatophyte (FFND), gram-positive bacteria and yeast. The results showed Trichophyton mentagrophytes front (ATCC and clinical isolate), MIC values of 500μg.mL-1 for OEPA and dilapiolle and CFM 1500 and 1000 µg.mL-1 , respectively. For clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum the MIC values of 500μg.mL-1 and CFM 1500μg.mL-1 , were similar for the two compounds as well as Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum with MIC values of 250μg.mL-1 and CFM 500μg.mL-1 . The Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC FFND showed an MIC of 3.9μg.mL-1 and 7.8 μg.mL-1 and the clinical isolate strain MIC of 3.9μg.mL-1 and CFM 15.6 μg.mL-1 for both. However showed no activity against Candida albicans and the yeast bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the concentrations used.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acetilbergenina: obtenção e avaliação das atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-22) BORGES, Jaqueline Cibene Moreira; SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9909053957915090; SANTOS, Lourivaldo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3232898465948962
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. (Humiriaceae), a Brazilian Amazon plant, commonly known as “uxi”, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies, such as arthritis. Bergenin, one of the chemical constituents of E. uchi, has several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. In order to obtain a more potent derivative than bergenin it has decided to acetyl this substance. Acetylbergenin was tested in nociception and inflammation models. Bergenin was isolated from the chromatographic fractionation of aqueous extract from stem bark of E. uchi and the acetylbergenin was obtained by acetylation of bergenin. The substances were identified based on spectral analysis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT and COSY, and comparison with literature data. For nociception models were carried out the abdominal writhing test, hot plate test and formalin test, while in the inflammation models were carried out the croton oil-induced ear edema, rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, carragenin-induced peritonitis test. Furthermore, the model of gastric ulcer induced by stress was used to assess the potential ulcerogenic of the substance. In the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid 0.6%, acetilbergenin doses of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 mg / kg blocked the number of writhing in 28.2%, 52.7%, 61.1 %, 68.3% and 95.0%, respectively, and dose-dependent manner when compared to the control group. The calculated ED50 was 6.8mg/kg. In the hot plate test (55ºC), acetylbergenin (6.8 mg/kg) did not induce alterations in the latency time when compared to the control group. In the formalin test, acetylbergenin (6.8mg/kg) inhibited 88.30% the algic stimulus in the second phase (inflammatory) compared to the control group. Furthermore, naloxone reversed the effect of acetylbergenin the second phase of this test. In the croton oilinduced dermatitis, acetylbergenin (6.8 mg/kg) provoked inhibitory effect in 75.60% in comparison to the control group. In the paw edema induced by carrageenan, acetylbergenin (6.8 mg/kg) was able to reduce the development of edema from the 2nd to the 5th hours compared to the control group. In the paw edema induced by dextran, acetylbergenin (6.8 mg/kg) reduced edema at all times. In carragenininduced peritonitis, acetylbergenin (6.8mg/kg) blocked 70% of the neutrophils number compared to the control group. In the trial of gastric ulcer, acetylbergenin blocked 78.55% in the generation of gastric lesions by stress when compared to indomethacin. The results suggest that acetylbergenin has an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity which, according to the tests employed, is probably of peripheral origin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à sedoanalgesia em um hospital de alta complexidade em Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-06) ELMESCANY, Sâmella Benoliel; RIBEIRO, Carolina Heitmann Mares Azevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3848996822163999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2733; FONTES JÚNIOR, Enéas de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7056265073849866; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6186-9581
Introduction: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a hospitalization unit for critically ill patients, whomostly use sedatives and analgesics. Seeking tominimize undesirable events, clinical follow-up of patients, especially pediatric patients, is necessary. Objective: To propose an instrument for pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients undergoing sedoanalgesia in the pediatric ICU. Method: Retrospective study, with data collected from medical records of patients aged 0 to 14 years, admitted to the pediatric ICU during the study period, who used sedoanalgesics. Results and discussion: In 326 prescriptions in the 90-day period involving 96 children, the age group of07-09 years predominated, with 49.2% underweight and predominantly male. Among the drugs prescribed were antimicrobials, sedoanalgesics, antipyretics and proton pump inhibitors. The average length of hospital stay was 18.5 days and approximately 32.7% of the patients had Withdrawal Syndrome (AS), corroborating the literature, where it is postulated that the longer thetime of use of these drugs, the greater the risk of SA. In 25% of the patients, 42.5% used antidotesother than those recommended by the Pediatrics and Pediatric & Neonatal Dosage Handbook. Asa product, a Manual for the Use of Sedoanalgesics was prepared to guide the multidisciplinary team in the care of patients during therapy. Conclusion: The data from this research indicated anunderweight public, the occurrence of medication errors and withdrawal syndrome, among otherfactors that reinforce the need for the elaboration of an institutionalized protocol for the administration of sedoanalgesics, aiming to guarantee patient safety, prevent the occurrence of adverse events related to its use and direct the multidisciplinary team on the care to be adopted.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da malária vivax em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-01) SANTOS, José Alberto Gomes dos; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
Malaria is an infectious disease endemic in 104 countries and vivax malaria accept responsibility for 25 to 40% of the global burden of disease worldwide. The South America has high transmission rates shown by the annual parasite incidence (API) greater than 1% of the population. In recent years it has been observed in Brazil the prevalence of infection with P. vivax. The treatment protocol isased on the combination of chloroquine and primaquine, however, treatment failures have been reported worldwide including in Brazil with adherence as one of the causes. Several factors can interfere in the adherence between them: education, sex, absence of signs and symptoms and socioeconomic profile. This study evaluated the adherence to malaria treatment from determining the profile demographic partner of children with vivax malaria in Anajás and determined the plasma concentrations of chloroquine and primaquine of the study patients. For the profile of the participants was used questionnaire was complete source of information. To measure adherence to treatment was used indirect test Morisky-Green assessing the patient's attitude towards treatment. The plasma concentration of primaquine and its metabolite was made by collecting paper filter venous blood on day D1 and D7 and determined HPLC. The profile of patients showed that most of the children were male, with the primary caregiver mother, education and income were considered low, despite the distribution the use of mosquito nets it is irregular, 92.4% of households have no sewage system, and 33.3% use water from the river for consumption .The indirect test Morisky- Green classified 42 children as adherent and 08 as no adherent The plasma concentration of PQ in D7 adherent and no adherent were related and showed no significant difference, since the CPQ concentrations in D7 Adherent showed statistically significant result, with higher values in adherent patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adolescentes rurais: comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em um município do interior do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-15) OLIVEIRA, Victor Vieira de; ARAÚJO, Marília de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9371703949781020
Recent studies have demonstrated the epidemiological transition and the increased occurrence of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases (NCD), especially among adolescents in less developed countries, and in those who live in poor areas. Although it is recognized that these diseases are more commonly perceived in adults, their manifestations are the result of the interaction of risk factors acquired at an early age. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the risk factors for NCDs in adolescents from the rural area of a town in the northeast of the state of Pará, Brazil, as well as to present the risk factors for NCDs through the following variables: physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, Body Mass Index, waist circumference and blood pressure, identifying the possible associations between these variables with the socio-demographic, socioeconomic conditions and with the behavioral and alimentary markers. An observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on a representative sample of students of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years, enrolled in the regular high school of six public schools in the rural area of the municipality of Ipixuna-PA. The data were obtained through a questionnaire and clinical evaluation, being analyzed by means of explanatory analysis and univariate and multiple logistic regression, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0,05) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The sample consisted mostly of female individuals, with an average age of 17 years, who were insufficiently active, who had already experienced alcohol and tobacco, belonging to the most socially vulnerable strata and who had a poor-fiber diet, but rich in fats and sugar. The sedentary lifestyle was significantly related to the female sex, while the risk of altered blood pressure and tobacco experimentation were significantly related to the male sex. Socioeconomic conditions have been shown to influence mainly blood pressure increase, tobacco experimentation, and waist circumference, while older age has been shown to be a protective factor for abdominal obesity. Likewise, the consumption and experimentation of alcohol and tobacco showed to have their use combined, as well as the presence of abdominal obesity and overweight. Inadequate feeding, in turn, was associated with the greater risk of the adolescent being insufficiently active. This study makes clear the need for more effective public policies aimed at raising awareness of the need for a healthier lifestyle among adolescents in rural areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações no comportamento motor e na bioquímica oxidativa de ratas intoxicadas agudamente com etanol no período inicial da adolescência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-30) CERASI JUNIOR, Antonio José; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101
Ethanol (EtOH) is one of the most commonly psychoactive substances consumed by young people, usually occurring in episodes of binge consumption, which is an intense form of drinking followed by a period of abstinence. In Brazil, the rates of alcohol abuse by female adolescents have increased in the past few years. This population is more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of this substance since the complete development of structures such as the cerebellum occurs in this stage of life. Acute and chronic consumption of ethanol and its catabolism are associated with motor behavior alterations so as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other metabolites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EtOH exposure following an acute binge pattern in female rats on their early adolescence (n = 20, n = 10 animals per group) received distilled water or EtOH (3 g / kg / day, 20 w / v) by gavage, for 3 consecutive days. Seven and a half hours after the last day of administration, the behavioral tests of spontaneous locomotor activity and rotarod were performed. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed for cerebellum removal and the oxidative biochemical tests in cerebellar tissue were carried out. Behavioral tests showed that acute binge in rats on early adolescence did not alter spontaneous locomotor activity, but elicited alterations in motor learning. Oxidative biochemical results showed a high activity of catalase, which demonstrates that there was an offset of the body to reverse the ROS production in the cerebellum of adolescent rats acutely exposed to EtOH followed by a withdrawal period (binge).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise clínica da doença periodontal em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 correlacionada com o nível de hemoglobina glicada e proteína C-reativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05) COSTA, Maria Elizabeth Gemaque; FELÍCIO, João Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8482132737976863; CORRÊA, Adriano Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6062379402457289
Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disease that causes a large number of systemic disorders. It has been considered that diabetes may influence the installation and advancing of inflammatory periodontal disease, as seen with the wound healing difficulty, but is also influenced by periodontal disease, since the clinic course of periodontal disease may affect the glucose metabolism and diabetic control. So, the interrelationship between diabetes and periodontal disease has troubled the dental professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical condition of periodontium in diabetic individuals type 2 and the necessity of periodontal treatment through Periodontal Screening Records (PSR), in conjunction with laboratorial analysis (HbA1c and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-CRP). Of the 88 participants of the study, 5,69% had been presented free of disease; 36,36% had been presented with gingivitis and 57,95% had been presented with periodontitis. In the group of the not diabetic individuals, 51.06% had periodontitis, while 65.85% of the diabetic had presented the disease. The periodontal disease was presented more serious in the age group of 60-69 years (group not diabetic) and 70-79 years (group diabetic). All the diabetic had presented periodontal disease, and the score 3 (50,34%) was most prevalent In the group of the not diabetic individuals 89,36% had presented periodontal disease, and the score 2 (31,25%) was most prevalent.Although the high levels of C-reactive protein and the glycosylated hemoglobin, it did not have association with the gravity of the periodontal disease in the participants of the study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da adesão medicamentosa de pacientes hansenianos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-16) PINHEIRO, Alcivaldo Mendes; MELLO, Amanda Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8951750304102610; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-1615
Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic transmissible infectious disease that still persists as a public health problem in Brazil. However, through the analysis of polychemotherapy medication adherence, a better quality of life is sought for diagnosed leprosy patients, with the pharmacist playing an important role in promoting early diagnosis and rational use of medication. Objective: To analyze the therapeutic adherence of patients undergoing treatment for leprosy treated at a basic health unit in Belém. Methodology: It is a prospective observational study to characterize the sociodemographic profile of patients undergoing polychemotherapy drug treatment at the Basic Health Unit located in the Guamá neighborhood, in Belém do Pará. Results: The study had the participation of 75 patients, 60 were undergoing treatment and 15 had already been discharged, in which the latter were consulted only to assess the dermatological quality of life. For the demographic and economic survey of patients, those who did not have confirmed diagnoses or had not started treatment were excluded. Final considerations: The predominant age group was between 50 and 59 years old, approximately (11.25%), male (41.25%), self-declared black patients (18.75%), married (21, 0%), high school (15.75%) and who had a formal contract with an income of up to one minimum wage (11.25%). Most patients adhered positively to the treatment, and at the end of the research a Therapeutic Adherence Manual was prepared for the follow-up of patients with leprosy, aiming at updating pharmaceutical practices with an exclusive focus on the care of patients with leprosy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sarcopenia e a sua associação com indicadores clínicos, funcionais e de qualidade de vida em pessoas idosas atendidas no ambulatório do hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-09) MORAES, Janine Brasil de Araújo; NEVES, Laura Maria Tomazi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4235603520707156; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3115-2571; CARNEIRO, Saul Rassy Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9162153771863939; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-0239
Introduction: Introduction: Ageing can be accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength and function. This resulting health condition is known as sarcopenia, a muscle disease that develops progressively and chronically. Age-related sarcopenia has several factors that accelerate this process and need to be identified and controlled in order to promote a good health prognosis and quality of life for the elderly population. Objective: To assess the association between sarcopenia and functional and quality of life indicators in elderly people treated at the geriatrics outpatient clinic of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB). Methods: This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study carried out at the HUJBB geriatrics outpatient clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical assessments were carried out: sarcopenia assessment (SARC-Calf, handgrip strength assessment, Tetrapolar Electrical Bioimpedance (BIA) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)), functional indicators assessment (Barthel, quadriceps strength assessment, physical activity level assessment (IPAQ) and presence of falls in 60 days) and quality of life assessment (SF-12). The algorithm of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in the elderly (EWGSOP2) was used. Results: 129 participants were assessed (73% women, p = 0.001), with a mean age of 75.4 years and from the capital (80.6%). 57% were found to be at risk of sarcopenia, with a prevalence of sarcopenia of 27.1%. Handgrip strength (HGS) 18kg/f, skeletal muscle mass 18.3kg; SPPB 9 points; Barthel score 58.8% of independent participants; quadriceps strength 14kg/f; IPAQ 38.8% with a low level of physical activity and SF-12 37.7 points for the physical component and 48.2 points for the mental component. There was an association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMR) and calf circumference (WC), age, SARC-Calf, FPM and quality of life (physical component) for men (adjusted R2 0.42 and p<0.05), as well as sarcopenia, classified by ASMR, with BIA variables: body resistance, total body water in lean mass, lean mass and basal metabolic rate for men (adjusted R2 0.49 and p<0.05), and for women, intracellular water and total body water in body weight (adjusted R2 0.60 and p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that WC, age, sarcopenia risk screening, HGS and quality of life were associated with MMEA measured by BIA. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, there were different associations between the BIA markers when adjusted for gender.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do remédio artesanal “tintura de pata-de-vaca” tendo a tintura de Bauhinia monandra Kurz como referência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-17) SILVA, Ana Paula Paiva da; SILVA, Marcos Valério Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379783635000306; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070
Diabetes mellitus is one of the various pathologies can be controlled with the use of medicinal plants, which exhibit hypoglycemic activity through different mechanisms. In Marudá, Marapanim-PA, the Women's Group "Erva Vida", produces and markets the "Tintura de pata-de-vaca" consumed by tourists and locals to treat diabetes. This remedy is prepared from leaves of Bauhinia monandra Kurz (pata-de-vaca). Different metabolic classes of plant already had a proven hypoglycemic action, for example flavonoids. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the handmade medicine through pharmacobotanic parameters pharmacognostic, phytochemicals and chromatographic in compararação with a tincture of Bauhinia monandra, for the presence of flavonoids. Both the preliminary phytochemical analysis, and the analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography, phenolic metabolites detected, possibly flavonoids in handmade medicine and hydroethanolic extract of plant species. In the analysis by HPLC, it revealed the presence of rutin in handmade medicine as well as in hydroethanolic extract of Bauhinia monandra.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos instrumentos normativos reguladores da aquisição de alimentos destinados à alimentação escolar municipal belenense após a emenda constitucional nº 64/10: comparação entre a práxis e a garantia social estabelecida pela “constituição cidadã”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-08) SILVA, Wadih Brazão e; SÁ, Naiza Nayla Bandeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1712074978664736; ARAÚJO, Marília de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9371703949781020
Taking as a reference the scientific evidence that inadequate food results in a variety of health problems, as well as the fact that, from 2010, food has been elevated to the category of social law set forth in the Federal Constitution through Constitutional Amendment number 64, the present study is directed to the research about the effective observation of this right in relation to the student population that receives school meals in the city of Belém from the year of validity of said Amendment, delimiting the period from February 2010 to February 2018. Therefore, it assumed as a premise that the full realization of the social right to food only occurs if the food has nutritional value and that this condition is in the drafting of normative instruments (Bidding Documents and Public Call Records) governing the acquisition of food intended for school lunches in the municipality. The study focused on the poor quality of school meals in some schools in Belém, analyzing the normative instruments of municipal public acquisition of food for school meals in the light of the quality criteria recommended by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and of the dispositions of the current legislation, and proposes alternatives for the mitigation of the mentioned problem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da epidemia de HIV entre homens jovens no Brasil: um estudo ecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) MARTINS, Cleyton Abreu; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that for every seven new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, two occur among young people. Spatial analysis studies are essential tools in the fight against HIV. Objective: To spatially analyze the Brazilian historical scenario of the HIV epidemic among young men, from 2007 to 2021. Methods: An ecological study that used secondary databases from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. All cases of HIV and immunologically acquired disease syndrome (AIDS) among men between 15 and 29 years of age and with fixed residence in Brazil were considered. The 5,570 Brazilian municipalities were considered as the unit of analysis and the HIV/AIDS incidence rate standardized by age group as a variable. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatial Scan. Results: 108,392 cases of HIV were reported in Brazil among young men during the study period. The Southeast Region had the highest incidence rates, followed by the Northeast, South, North and Midwest regions. The HIV epidemic showed territorial expansion in all Brazilian regions, with the exception of the southern region, which contracted. Although there has been a decrease in the number of hotspots in all regions, in the North and Northeast regions there has been an expansion in the size of hotspots. There was no expansion of coldspots in the regions. The space-time risk zones were comprised between 2015 and 2021 and all were formed by state capitals and surrounding municipalities. Conclusion: The different behaviors of the HIV epidemic in Brazilian regions may be associated with different regional sociopolitical scenarios. The consolidation, expansion and emergence of new hotspots point to locations where the fight against HIV among young people should be strengthened. The space-time risk analysis shows that the highest HIV detection rates occur in municipalities with higher demographic densities, and the long time period suggests fragility in policies to combat the virus. For the elimination of HIV, greater integration of municipalities, states and the federal government is necessary in the search for greater social equity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da epidemia do HIV entre mulheres brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-25) BEZERRA, Ana Luisa Lemos; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among women has been decreasing in recent years. However, an epidemiological diagnosis at the national level is necessary to detail this behavior of the epidemic in this population, since the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains the main cause of mortality among women aged 15 to 49 years. OBJECTIVE: To spatially analyze the historical scenario of the HIV epidemic in Brazil, among women from 15 years of age, from 2007 to 2020. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: Ecological study that used secondary databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases considering as unit of analysis the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. All cases of HIV and AIDS among women living in Brazil were considered. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatio-temporal risk analysis. RESULTS: There was a territorial decrease in the HIV epidemic throughout Brazil, but less decrease in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. There was a decrease in the number of hotspost clusters (neighboring municipalities with a high incidence rate) throughout Brazil. However, some consolidated with expansion or contraction. Bahia, Paraná and Piauí were the only Brazilian states with coldspot clusters (neighboring municipalities with a low incidence rate), with Piauí standing out with the greatest expansion of this grouping. The South and Southeast regions presented spatio-temporal risks earlier than the other regions and all risk zones had in their compositions state capitals and most of them included adjacent municipalities. CONCLUSION: Although cluster hotspots have decreased in number, others have consolidated and new hotspots have also emerged. This study provides subsidies for the implementation of more effective and focused public policies to combat HIV among Brazilian women. There is a need to include municipal and state authorities in the planning of policies against HIV, always respecting the regional characteristics and each Brazilian municipality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da mortalidade por Aids entre jovens no Pará e os impactos dos determinantes sociais de saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-15) SOUSA, Sara Melissa Lago; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; POLARO, Sandra Helena Isse; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7875594038005793; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-5080
Introduction: Worldwide, AIDS control policies have led to a small decrease in the mortality rate among young people, which is only 6% among young males. For a better effectiveness of these policies, it is necessary to take into account the influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on the mortality rate in each territory. Objective: To spatially analyze the AIDS mortality rate among young people in the state of Pará and the spatial variability of the rate promoted by the DSS from 2007 to 2018. Method: Ecological study using secondary data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). All notifications of AIDS deaths in young people residing in the state of Pará between 2007 and 2018 were included in the study. The mortality rate was analyzed using spatial distribution and autocorrelation, spatial scanning, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Results: During the study period, 1,372 AIDS deaths were reported among young people from Pará. The AIDS mortality rate showed territorial expansion. Spatial autocorrelation showed two high-high clusters in the period from 2007 to 2010, one formed by municipalities in the southeast of Pará and the other in the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB), with only the cluster of RMB remaining between 2011 and 2018. The RMB presented the highest spatial risk for AIDS mortality and the only one with the spatio-temporal risk in the period 2013-2018. The spatial variability of the AIDS mortality rate was promoted by the "homicide rate among young people", "elementary school dropout rate" and "by the number of families registered in CADÚNICO". Conclusion: This study covers the Amazonian particularities that involve AIDS mortality among young people from Pará, allowing the spatial identification of the involvement of rate variability promoted by the DSS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial e espaço-temporal dos casos de feminicídio ocorridos no estado do Pará entre 2016 e 2021
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-27) SILVA, Ana Karoline Souza da; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; LIMA, Vera Lúcia de Azevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5247917929280755; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-4530
INTRODUCTION: Feminicide is a public health problem worldwide, with Brazil occupying the 5th position among the countries that kill the most. In order to combat feminicide, it is imperative to understand its association with social determinants of health, and spatial analysis is a fundamental tool for this. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial and space-time scenario of the femicide rate and its relationship with the social determinants of health in the State of Pará between 2016 and 2021. METHODS: An ecological study using secondary data from the Integrated Public Security System (SISP-WEB). Gross municipal feminicide rates were analyzed using spatial distribution and autocorrelation (Gi statistic), temporal-spatial risk analysis, and geographically weighted spatial regression (GWR). RESULTS: During the study period, 339 cases of feminicide were reported in Pará. The spatial distribution of the feminicide rate during the study period showed a territorial expansion, with municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest of Pará being the most affected areas. From 2016 to 2018, there was a high-high in feminicide rate (hotspot) formed by municipalities in the southeast and southwest of Pará, while between 2019 and 2021, there were two hotspots in the southeast and northeast. The spatio-temporal analysis revealed only one risk zone (RR=2.11; p<0.000) in the period from 2018 to 2020 that consisted of municipalities in the Metropolitan region of Belém, Northeast, Lower Amazonas, Southeast and Southwest of Pará. The GWR showed that the variability of the feminicide rate was associated with the DSS “youth homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants”, “primary care coverage rate”, and “total high school pass rate”. CONCLUSION: To combat feminicide it is necessary to promote greater social equity, discuss gender equality in schools, and bring greater responsibility/qualification of health professionals in the Primary Health Care network for the early identification of signs of domestic violence as well as reporting to competent legal channels.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise Psicométrica da Versão Brasileira da Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS-Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) SANTOS, Mayara do Socorro Brito dos; TORRES, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1927198788019996; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-211X
Introduction: Instruments with appropriate psychometric properties are essential for ensuring the quality of assessments and reassessments in clinical practice, guiding decision-making regarding rehabilitation procedures. The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale, originally published in English, is the only validated scale for measuring perceived fatigability in older adults. Considering the importance of this tool, it is necessary to validate its translated version into Portuguese and adapt it to the specificities of the Brazilian context. Objective: To validate the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale Brazilian Portuguese version (PFS-Brasil) by evaluating its validity in relation to measures of physical activity, physical performance, and cognitive performance. Methodology: The scale and physical and cognitive performance tests were used to assess 121 healthy older adults residing in the community. We conducted statistical analyses of the physical and mental subscales of the PFS-Brasil, utilizing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency evaluation, and Spearman's correlation for convergent validity. Furthermore, we examined agreement analysis and floor and ceiling effects. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The analyses indicated that the physical and mental subscales exhibit satisfactory test-retest reliability, with ICC values for the physical subscale (0.84; 95% CI: 0.80-0.88) and the mental subscale (0.83; 95% CI: 0.78-0.87), in addition to high internal consistency (α = 0.84 and 0.82, respectively). These values are indicative of good inter-rater reliability, revealing a low probability of random and systematic error. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement for both subscales of the PFS-Brasil. For convergent validity, the higher physical score showed a moderate association, and the higher mental score showed a weak association with lower physical performance (6-minute walk tests and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and lower levels of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire – IPAQ). Regarding cognitive performance, there was a weak association between the higher mental score and the average accuracy on the flanker test. No ceiling effects were observed in both subscales; however, the mental subscale exhibited a floor effect (n = 24%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale is a valid, consistent, and reliable instrument for assessing perceived fatigability in older adults.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise sobre a formação profissional e experiência dos médicos cooperados do programa mais médicos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-03) TAVARES, Roseane Bittencourt; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821
The More Doctors Program (Programa Mais Médicos-PMM) was established in 2013 because of social pressures, from the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde-SUS) and population in general. One of its aims is to ensure the provision of medical professionals to work in Primary Healthcare (Atenção Básica-AB) in difficult access areas, due to the insufficiency of these professionals in the SUS. However, on the first calls for participation, Brazilian doctors boycotted the Program. One of the solutions for its implementation was to sign a cooperation agreement between Brazil and Cuba through the Pan American Health Organization. Thus, thousands of Cuban doctors came to Brazil to work on the PMM. However, these professionals’ arrival was widely criticized by medical associations, which affirmed that they didn’t have the necessary training to practice medicine in Brazil. That said, the objective of this study is to analyze the professional training and previous experience of the cooperated physicians participating in the PMM. To do so, we shared data with the multicentric research “Analysis of the effectiveness of the More Doctors initiative in the realization of the universal right to health and in the consolidation of the Health Services Networks”, coordinated by the University of Brasilia. Data was collected using interviews with the cooperative doctors in every regions of the country. We carried out the interviews content analysis and, in addition, we compared the curricula of Cuban and Brazilian medical schools, observing their similarities and differences. Two articles were written from this research. The first article was published in Revista Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação (vol.21, Supplement I, issue 63, 2017, pp. 1257-1268) and is about how the participants understand and are involved in BA in the country. The second article was submitted to the special edition of the Revista Pan-americana de Salud Pública, which theme is “Primary Health Care in the Americas: Forty Years of Alma-Ata”, and its focus is on the qualification of the foreign physicians working in Para. As a result, we observed that Cuban doctors have adequate training in medical practice, once Cuba's medical curricula are, in general, similar to those of Brazil, they all have some postgraduate degree, and in addition they have medical experiences in other countries, due to the internationalist premise of their medical schools. Thus, there is no reason to criticize the training of these professionals, who come from a country recognized for its public health and the way they practice medicine. It is concluded that it is necessary to recognize their technical competence and learn from their humanitarian practice, which has been applied not only to the Cuban population, but also to populations from everywhere in the world where they are needed.