Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras - PPGL/ILC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2310

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras (PPGL) do Instituto de Letras e Comunicação (ILC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Confere ao candidato habilitado o título de Mestre e/ou Doutor em Letras, nas Áreas de Concentração em Estudos Literários ou Estudos Linguísticos, tem como objetivos gerais e fundamentais: preparar pesquisadores capazes de desenvolver trabalhos científicos no campo dos Estudos da Linguagem; desenvolver a competência profissional e científica do graduado para que ele atue com criticidade na sua área de conhecimento; e produzir conhecimento científico relevante para o país, com ênfase, quando oportuno, para as especificidades linguísticas e literárias presentes na Região Amazônica.

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Análise perceptual da harmonia vocálica na fala Belenense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-29) XAVIER, Francisco Cavalcante; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present work aims to investigate, perceptually, the productivity of vowel harmony (VH) triggered by low vowels in the variety of Portuguese spoken in Belém, PA (Brazil). To this goal, a corpus was formed with 42 paroxytone words, mostly in the CV'CV.CV syllabic mold, in which /e/ and /o/ alternate in the pretonic syllable and /i, e, ɛ, a, ᴐ, o, u/, in the tonic syllable. Using the Wideo Text-to-Speech Software converter, three variants were generated as sound stimuli for each item in the corpus, according to the height of the pretonic vowel: for , [i], [e ], [E]; for , [u], [o], [O]. A sample of 60 Belenenses (people from Belém), stratified by gender, age group and education, responded to a questionnaire implemented on the Gorilla Experiment BuilderTM platform, version 4, with two data collection protocols: I - Frequency Assessment (FA); II - Identification Assessment (IA). For the FA, the main protocol, participants attributed to the variants of , an approximate frequency of occurrence/use in Belenense speech, based on the following scalar indexes: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Almost always. In the IA, the participants’ assessment was taken to identify the three variants as, in fact, different. For the statistical treatment of the 10,080 data collected, Simple Correlation and Binary Logistic Regression analyzes were applied, using the R Program, version 2024.04.1. Taking , as dependent variables and the seven stressed vowels as independent ones, the results revealed that, in Belém's speech, in general, based on the choice of the full occurrence index, Almost always: (a) the high variants are the least frequent – [i], with a relative frequency of .13 and [u], with .20; (b) the medium variants are largely predominant, adjusting relatively well to all stressed vowels – [e], .77 and [o], .75; (c) the low variants are in second place as most frequent – [E], .43 and [O], .41 –, but, strongly attracted by low stressed vowels, they take the hegemony of the mids in this structural context – [E] , .82; [O], .78. Finally, for the external factors: (a) older speakers highlighted the hegemony of VH – [E], .83; [O], .83; (b) younger speakers attenuated it – [E], .72; [O], .65; c) individuals trained in the research area had higher discrimination rates between the three variants in IA – , .89; , .87. In this view, in the perceptual field, a phonological rule of HV triggered by low vowels was attested in full operation in Belém speech, as acoustic studies had already pointed out (Sousa, 2010; Fagundes, 2015; Souza, 2020). The phenomenon proved to be productive with all low vowels in stressed syllables, both on and , contradicting, at this specific point, the acoustic signal (Souza, 2020).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos morfossintáticos e semânticos da causativização em Parkatêjê
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-27) FERREIRA, Sindy Rayane de Souza; SHIBATANI, Masayoshi; FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4291543797221091
Under the view of typological functionalism, the objective of this work is to describe and analyze morphosyntactic and semantic aspects related to the phenomenon of causativization in Parkatêjê (Indigenous language of the Jê family, Macro-Jê stock, and grouped in the Timbira dialect complex). From the morphosyntactic perspective, the causativization is a process related to the increase of verbal valence, that is, to the change of functions and grammatical relations of the arguments of a verb. From the semantic perspective, it consists of a phenomenon associated with the relation of cause and effect, in which a causative verb allows the subject of a sentence to act on another argument, causing it to perform some action or change its state. In the Parkatêjê language, causativization is manifested through the verb to, whose primary meaning is 'to do' and which affects active and stative intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs do not seem to be affected by causativization. The work is based on the theoretical postulates of Givón (1975), Shibatani (1976, 2002), Comrie (1989), Dixon (1994), among others. In addition to being a causative verb, the 'to' element performs other morphosyntactic functions in the language: basic lexical verb 'to do', auxiliary verb, part of verbs root and instrumental postposition. For this reason, this work also presents some aspects related to each of these functions. The methodology used in this work consisted of bibliographical research and field research with data collection performed in the community of the language being studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos morfossintáticos em mebengôkre: transitividade e marcação de argumentos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-20) GOMES, Edson de Freitas; GALUCIO, Ana Vilacy Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3697197245602067; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1904
The canonically marked subject in Mẽbêngôkre has already been described in the literature for years, however, the description of a non-canonically marked subject is a field that proves to be very productive itself and still need further exploration. The thematic of the subject which receives different canonical pattern mark is current and relevant as it brings new information to the morphosyntax language knowledge and contributes to the understanding of phenomena that still needs description. The non-canonical subject study intends to raise the discussion on the Mẽbêngôkre subject realization, although there is still a lot remaining to be done for this hypothesis to be definitively confirmed. In this scenario, the main objective of this thesis is to describe the ways in which the subject is marked in Mẽbêngôkre language, focusing on the main strategies used for canonical and non-canonical subjects marking, especially the dative subject, marked by mã postposition and the locative subject, marked by kãm, jã and bê postpositions. The non-canonical subject pattern in Mẽbêngôkre is treated based on tests regarding the coding and behavioral properties of the subject suggested by Keenan (1976); Sigurðsson (2004); Eythórsson; Barddal (2005); Barddal; Eythórsson (2006 and 2009), among other authors. The analysis shown is based on field research material data, acquired through interview recording with indigenous consultants from Mẽbêngôkre villages, placed in the Gorotire reserve, in São Félix do Xingu municipality, southern of Pará state. The methodology is based on test application about the coding properties such as nominal case marking, the argument indexing in the verb and the constituents order in the sentence, and on behavioral properties such as reflexive control, control and erasure in coordinated and subordinate clauses and reference changes. The data showed that, besides the canonically marked subject, there is another subject who is also formally marked by morphemes that are postposition and the morphosyntactic tests performed showed that those subjects are approved in most of the proposed tests, in the dative subject case and in the locative subject in some cases. An argument that supports the prefixes indexed analysis in postpositions as subject is the fact that these prefixes are doubled by the nominative pronoun, as it occurs with the canonically marked subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atitudes e estigma: investigações sobre o status do alteamento da vogal média posterior tônica na variedade marajoara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-25) FRANCÊS JUNIOR, Celso; AGUILERA, Vanderci de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8323910235303866; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present thesis, entitled: Attitude and Stigma: Investigations of the status of tonic posterior mean increase in the marajoara variety, aimed to: i) examine the role of social variables gender, education and age in the formation of linguistic attitudes towards a variety discredited and suffering prejudice; ii) investigate the cognitive and affective components, within each social variable, as elements that modify attitudes, variations and linguistic changes; and, iii) to study, in parallel, the recurrence of middle back vowels in stressed syllables in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó, as a variant evaluated below the speaker's level of consciousness. As a complement to the attitude survey, a posterior mid-vowel acoustic study in stressed syllable in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó was carried out, as a possible heightened variant and evaluation according to linguistic attitudes. For this purpose, the theoretical-ethodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (CARDOSO, 2015; LABOV, 2008; AGUILERA, 2008; CALVET, 2002; MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, 1998; LÓPEZ MORALES, 1989) and Social Psychology (BEM, 1973; LAMBERT; LAMBERT, 1972; ROKEACH, 1968; LICKERT, 1932; THURSTONE, 1929). The universe of this research was the Marajó mesoregion, the largest archipelago of river islands in the world, with 16 municipalities legally, of which the cities of Breves, Curralinho and Portel were selected as target locations, as they comprise zones of interdialectal contact. The work methodology included procedures used for the collection, treatment and analysis of acoustic data and linguistic attitude, namely: i) instruments for collecting acoustic data on speech production, based on the interview protocol (Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire); and, for data collection and linguistic attitude measurement (false pairs technique), from the attitude questionnaire; ii) profile of research participants, who add up to 72 characteristics socially stratified by sex, age group and education level; iii) variables controlled in the acoustic description (segmental, prosodic and social); and variables controlled in the analysis of linguistic attitude (gender, age and education); iv) data processing. In the analysis procedure, the following were performed: i) an acoustic characterization of the target vowel, based on the parameters of F1 and F2; and iii) an analysis of the linguistic evaluations of the eightening of the stressed back mid vowel in the marajoara variety. The acoustic data showed that the absence of heightening in the target variable was categorical, because in the constitution of an acoustic space that could show the effective behavior of what was thought to be a high posterior vowel, the occurrences of the segment [u] presented its distribution in the same region of the posterior mean [o], with mean value of F1 at 471 Hz and of F2, 956 Hz. This leads us to state that it is the same vocalic segment, based on the acoustic data. The result of the subjective evaluations revealed that native speakers of the marajoara municipalities, target of the research, manifested positive attitudes when they were placed in the position of judges to judge possible recurrent varieties in the marajoara region. This positive valuation reveals that, although the participants did not perform the heightening of the back vowel in the tonic, they rated it as a prestige variant. The acceptance and prestige given to the variant, a product of a positive attitude, are added to the feeling of solidarity, motivated by emotions, knowledge and positive reactions acquired in the use of its variety or in that of other subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atlas geossociolinguístico quilombola do Nordeste do Pará (AGQUINPA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-07) DIAS, Marcelo Pires; OLIVEIRA, Marilucia Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9728768970430501
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização acústica das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ do português falado na Cidade de Cametá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) SOUSA, Josivane do Carmo Campos; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present Doctoral Thesis in Linguistics aims to provide an acoustic description of the middle pretonic vowels / e / and / o / in Portuguese spoken in the urban area of the City of Cametá/PA. As specific objectives, we sought to: a) verify the possible influences of social factors such as gender, age group and education on the variation of the pretonic mean vowels; b) to verify if the phenomenon of vowel harmony favors the process of variation of the target vowels in the variety of Cametá/PA; c) provide the acoustic space of the target vowels under analysis, according to the parameters of F1 (tongue height), F2 (anteriority/posteriority); d) to investigate the role of F0 (fundamental frequency), F3 (roundness of the lips) and Duration in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic middle vowels in the studied variety. For that, the methodological procedures adopted were those established by Cruz (2011) in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic vowel system of Portuguese spoken in the Paraense Amazon: a) standardized corpus - with 45 words selected based on the context of high variability in previous sociolinguistic studies; b) sample stratified socially in sex, age group and education; c) data collection using the text reading protocol aloud (Y); d) segmentation of data in Praat; e) application of the Praat Analyzer Tier script to obtain the acoustic measurements taken from the central part of the target vowels; f) organization of the values of the physical parameters in Excel; g) statistical treatment by means of the R program. The results presented are the treatment of the 789 data from the data collection protocol through the reading of text (Y), contemplating the 18 (eighteen) sound signals referring to the sample. The sociolinguistic analysis showed the predominance of the medium variants, both of the anterior (75%) and the posterior (60%). Then, the low variants: 15% for the former, and 27% for the latter; and finally, the high variants: 10% of the former, and 13% of the latter. As for the social factors analyzed, schooling proved to be the most interfering factor in the variation of the vowels under study, as it was found that the higher the level of education, the greater the likelihood of performing the medium variants, and the lower the probability of high variants, confirming, therefore, that the schooling process in the municipality of Cametá tends to erase dialect marks. The acoustic analysis, in turn, from the joint analysis of F1 and F2, confirms that it is the most compact pretense vocalic system in Cametá and with a greater tendency towards centralization, as attested by Lages (2017) and Verçosa (2018). Vowel harmony was confirmed by tests of significance as a phonological process favoring vowel variation. With regard to F0 and F3, these are confirmed as parameters of identity between the variants, precisely because they present very close frequencies, thus allowing the realization of the same phoneme at the underlying level to be considered. The duration, in turn, was considered more than a distinctive parameter of vowels, since it can also be taken as an identity parameter between the variants of the vowels in a pretonic context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A contribuição dos estudos discursivos para a gramaática da língua Apurinã (Aruak)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-14) BARROS, Laise Maciel; FACUNDES, Sidney da Silva; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9502308340482231; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-8620
This study aims to present a research on the Apurinã grammar, examining its interaction with semantics and discourse-pragmatics in order to investigate how certain uses of grammar cover the interaction between semantic, pragmatic and morphosyntactic properties. The grammatical elements involved in this research includ personal pronouns, discourse particles and the morphological form =nhi. In order to describe the relevant facts concerning these elements, I propose a descriptive analysis that tries to account for how the morphosyntax and the areas of semantics and pragmatics interact, since uses of the forms surveyed are directly associated with empathy or the speaker's intention, information flow and reference and sequence of events in discourse. This study adopts the principles of the typological-functional linguistics as they cover morphosyntactic, semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crenças e atitudes linguísticas de paraenses e cearenses na Região Nordeste do Pará: um estudo sobre o abaixamento das vogais médias pretônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-21) FERREIRA, Jany Éric Queirós; FERREIRA, Jany Éric Queirós; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577; AGUILERA, Vanderci; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8323910235303866
The present Thesis aimed to investigate the linguistic beliefs and attitudes of speakers living in the Northeast of Pará State (Santa Maria do Pará, São Miguel do Guamá, Aurora do Pará, Mãe do Rio, Ipixuna do Pará localities) towards the variation of pretonic, in the light of the theoretical-methodological principles of Multidimensional Dialectology, Sociolinguistics and the Study of Linguistic Beliefs (LAMBERT and LAMBERT, 1972; RADTKE and THUN, 1996; LABOV, 2008; BOTASSINI, 2013; FREITAG and SANTOS, 2016 ). This research is justified by the contribution it will bring to linguistic studies in the Northern Region, where there is a shortage of research of this nature. It is expected to contribute to the understanding of linguistic variation and change and, consequently, help in the fight against linguistic prejudice (SILVA and AGUILERA, 2014). For its execution, the pretonic average vowels were analyzed from the speech of Ceará migrants and Pará natives in five survey points, based on the sample the diatopic dimension (eight informants from each locality), subdivided into topostatic (six natives from each locality) and topodynamics (two Ceará migrants in each locality). The sample was stratified according to the diasexual (4 female and 4 male) and diagenerational (18 to 25 years and 50 to 65 years) dimensions. Data was collected by interviews: the occurrences of the object vowels were collected through reading, questionnaire response and narratives; Belief and attitude data were collected through the quantitative questionnaire, using the matched guise test technique, and a qualitative questionnaire, as well as the self-assessment test. All material collected was organized for transcription in Praat. Three corpora were constituted: one of mean occurrences, with control of lowering and not lowering; another one from the answers of the quantitative attitude questionnaire and another one for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative data corpus was coded in Excel for statistical treatment in Goldvarb X. The qualitative data corpus was categorized for further analysis. The results showed that the realization of [e] and [o] predominates in the speech of natives and migrants of the localities, following the tendency of other regions of Pará (RAZKY, LIMA and OLIVEIRA, 2012; CRUZ, 2012). For the lowering of / e / and / o /, the open vowels, in both tonic and contiguous position, and the degree of nasality of the vowel of the stressed syllable favored the phenomenon, evidencing the vowel harmony as a major driver of this phenomenon. The degree of formality was not significant to the application of lowering. Of the social factors, the origin of the informant, a single group considered significant, favored the phenomenon in the speech of migrants. Gender and age group were not probalistically significant, but in percentage terms, there was a higher occurrence of lower speech in women and young people. The subjective attitudes revealed that the people from Ceara,Belem and local dialects enjoy a certain prestige, because they were evaluated positively, with percentages above 70%. Diatopically, the results differ presenting positive evaluations sometimes to the local dialect, sometimes to Belém or to Ceará inhabitants. Migrants attributed more positive ratings to the dialects than the native ones. From the diassexual point of view, men preferred the local and Ceará dialects, and women, the local and Belem’s dialects. In relation to the diagenerational, young people preferred the Belem’s and local dialects, while adults preferred the local and Cearense dialects. Most informants did not notice the difference between open and closed vowels in two word sequences, however, preferred and claimed to speak the word sequences with closed vowels. The local and Belem inhabitants dialects have higher social status. The natives were more loyal to their dialect than the migrants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da promoção da cartografia das línguas indígenas na universidade á construção de diretrizes para uma política linguística institucional multilíngue
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-22) LEITE, Marília Fernanda Pereira; CRAVO, Marilucia de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9728768970430501; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição de orações complexas em Parkatejê: coordenação e switch-reference
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-21) VIEIRA, Luciana Renata dos Santos; FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4291543797221091
The Parkatêjê indigenous language, belonging to the Macro-Jê, the Jê family and the Timbira dialect complex, is spoken by the Parkatêjê people, who live in the Mãe Maria Indigenous Reserve (MMIR) in the city of Marabá, south of Pará. The process of articulating coordinated sentences of the language in question was initially described by Ferreira (2003), which verified the switch-reference mechanism by means of the occurrence of two specific conjunctions nã and mã, one for the identical subject (SS) and the other for the co-ordinated sentence of the language in question different subject (DS), respectively. This dissertation describes the coordination between nominal and verbal phrases in Parkatêjê and points to some facts about the language: (1) it is confirmed that the language presents switch-reference (FERREIRA, 2003); (2) it is confirmed that a homophone form a mẽ occurs as a conjunction to coordinate noun phrases and names in series (FERREIRA, 2003); (3) the occurrence of the nã/mã conjunction of the switch-reference phenomenon does not seem to be mandatory, according to the data analysis, that is, the juxtaposition mechanism (parataxis) is also used. The methodological contribution for the development of this research followed steps like bibliographic research, fieldwork, transcription and organization of linguistic data and analysis / discussion of the data collected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e análise de propriedades semânticas e morfossintáticas de nomes contáveis nomes massivos em Parkatêjê
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-28) LIRA, Ingryd Moraes de Moraes; FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4291543797221091; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1938
This work aims to describe the behavior of countable and mass nouns in Parkatêjê, language spoken by the Parkatêjê indigenous people who live in communities situated along the BR-222, in Bom Jesus do Tocantins County, in Pará state. In agreement with Rodrigues (1986), this language belongs to Timbira Dialetal Complex, Jê family, macro linguistic Jê stock. Many studies have shown that the majority of languages have two distinct groups of nouns: countable and mass. According to Paraguassu-Martins and Muller (2007), Jespersen (1924) paper was the first work in linguistics about this topic. To this author, countable names are the ones which convey an idea of something defined, with a clearly defined shape and precise limits, while mass nouns do not present these characteristics, regardless of being concrete or abstract. However, to establishing some concepts and criteria for the count/mass distinction is still being a major challenge for those who work with analysis and description of natural languages considering the significant variation between them, even those which are relatively similar. To bring out this study in Parkatêjê language, the author has done data collection with native speakers of this indigenous community. The methodology was based on Lima (2014), on her work about counting and individuation in Yudja and also on the questionnaire elaborated by Lima and Rothstein. The results obtained show which countable and massive nouns present distinguished morphosyntax aspects. It was verified which quantity expressions, in the majority, works as distinct proprieties in this nominal class. Countable nouns are combined directly with numerals without the necessity of a measure phrase. Mass nouns are combined with numerals in those circumstances: 1) when there is some insertion of a measure phrase between the name and the numeral; and 2) when there is no insertion of a measure phrase, although this one will be implied in the context. There are quantifiers used with all the nouns, but there are some others that occur specifically with countable nouns and others only with massive nouns. The behavior of these nouns in Parkatêjê which were observed is similar to the behavior of the languages which have number marking, which converges in part with what was proposed by Chierchia (1998a, 1998b, 2010 apud LIMA, 2014) about language types, given that it has both features from number-marking languages and features from languages that are numerically neutral.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos campos do Marajó aos campos do discurso: sentidos sobre o trabalho do vaqueiro na tradição e na contemporaneidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-21) POMBO, Délcia Pereira; PESSOA, Fátima Cristina da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4011084861970140
This thesis triggers the reins of a study course designed to investigate the discourses about the work of the Marajoara cowherd in the tension between traditional and contemporary meanings about the profession. To apprehend the senses effects of the discursive experiences in the work context, there is the guiding question: How to understand the tension inherent to the discourses that imply the figure of the cowherd, still rooted to the traditions, and the contemporary, more distanced from them? For this purpose, the theoretical and analytical path is intertwined with the theoretical and methodological framework of Discourse Analysis (DA), based on the postulates of Dominique Maingueneau, focusing on the concepts of de deixis, discursive practice, enunciation scenes, simulacrum, and polemic, to think about productive activities in the labor universe, in a construction that is mediated discursively. Added to these contributions are the principles of Ergology, based on the postulates of Yves Schwartz, to think about the relationship between language and work, in the reference made to the prescriptions of work and the performance of the cowherd in the daily toil. The narratives of life, based on the postulates of Daniel Bertaux, are used to think about the access to the discourses about the work of the cowherd, in the telling of the experiences of the work in a space in which the enunciation acquires meaning. The investigation was carried out through narrative interviews, with subsequent transcription, which constituted a point of articulation between the phenomena of language and the work of the cowherd and how professional identity is constructed in a discursive practice. The choice of the theme is justified by the relevance of the studies on Marajoara cowherding, and to contribute to the discussion around a discursive subject thought from a place. In this direction, the locus of the investigation concentrates on ten farms located in the fields in Marajó, municipality of Soure. The focus is on the articulation of two analytical corpora: the life narratives of sixteen Marajoara cowherds, distributed in four categories of professionals, whether they are day laborers, effective, foremen, and retired; and Law 12870/2013, which regulates the profession of the cowherd. This deepens the recognition of an interdiscursive operation between the meanings produced in the legal field and the meanings produced in the labor field. In the foundations on which the analyses are built, the voices that narrate weave a network of discursive relations implied in the saying of oneself and of work with a register of significant marks in the production of meanings in the historically marked activity of cowherding in this region of the fields of Marajó.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo das posposições no Timbira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-24) AYAN, Sheyla da Conceição; FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4291543797221091; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1938
This work aims to compare similarities and differences in the occurrence of postpositions in the group of Timbira dialectal variants: Parkatêjê, Canela Apãniekrá, Canela-Krahô and Pykobjê, under a typological-functional view. The Timbira dialectal complex belongs to the Jê family and to the Macro-Jê stock. For Genetti (2014) postpositions are particles that occur with a noun phrase and indicate the grammatical, semantic, spatial, temporal or logical relationship of the noun phrase with the other element of the clause. The data used in this study come from descriptive works already carried out in these dialectal variants, namely: Ferreira (2003), Alves (2004), Popjes and Popjes (1986), Souza (1989), Miranda (2014), Amado (2004) and Silva (2011). Based on the comparison of data, a great similarity in the form of these elements was noted, as well as in the functions performed by such postpositions. On the other hand, there are also some very relevant differences between them, such as the postposition 'te', for example, which was analyzed sometimes as a marker of ergativity, sometimes as an oblique element, in addition to the genitive function. This research is based on the theoretical postulates of Genetti (2014), Dixon (2010), Hagège (2010), Blake (2004), Payne (1997), among others. The methodology used in this work consisted of bibliographical research in the specialized literature, comparison of data and analysis of typological-functional basis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo do fenômeno de nasalização em línguas da família Tupi-Guaraní (Tronco Tupi)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-26) MIRANDA, Camille Cardoso; PICANÇO, Gessiane Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8504849027565119
This work aims to describe the patterns of nasalization phenomena in indigenous languages of Tupí-Guaraní subgroup of the Tupian family: Mbyá, Kaiowá, Paraguayan Guaraní, Old-Guaraní, Nhandewa, Tapieté (Branch I); Sirionó (Branch II); Nheengatú, Tupinambá (Branch III), Tembé, Parakanã, Suruí-Tocantins, Avá-Canoeiro, Tapirapé (Branch IV); Anambé, Araweté, Asuriní of the Xingu (Branch V); Kayabi, Apiaká, Tenharím, Uru-Eu-Uau-Uau (Branch VI), Kamayurá (Branch VII) and Guajá, Ka'apor, Zo'e, Wayampi and Emerillon (Branch VIII). To investigate the nasalization processes in Tupí-Guaraní languages, we adopt the typological approach by Walker (1998) to verify and comprehend, from the typological hierarchy of nasal harmony, segments that can be triggers and targets of nasal spreading. The study also uses the considerations of Ohala (1981, 1993) and Cohn (1990, 1993) to examine nasalization processes as a phonetic effect and not as a phonological process. With regard to the segments that are the triggers, i.e, those that begin the nasalization process, we see that nasal consonants (N) and nasal vowels (Ṽ) are the sources of nasality predominant in almost all languages. However, in Suruí-Tocantins, Parakanã, Tembé, and Apiaká (Branch IV and VI), only nasalization triggered for N was found. In Sirionó (Branch II) and Tapirapé (Branch IV), the nasalization is triggered only by Ṽ. For the targets segments, the languages were classified into four different types according to the implicational scale of walker’s nasal harmony. The language Sirionó (Branch II), and the languages of the branches IV and VI tend to have vowels being predominantly nasalized (Type 1), while the languages Tupinambá, Nheengatú, Anambé, Araweté, Asuriní of the Xingu, Ka'apor and Zo'e (branches III, V and VIII) have vowels + glides undergo nasalization (Type 2). The Kamayurá language belonging to branch VII has vowels + glides + liquids being affected by the nasalization process, and the same occurs with the Guajá language (Branch VIII). The languages of Branch I (with exception of Tapieté), Wayampi and Emerillon (Branch VIII) exhibit the type 5, in which all the segments are affects by nasal harmony. The study also examined segments that are blockers of the nasalization process. The languages that present blocker segments (especially the voiceless obstruents) are: Tapieté (Branch I), Tupinambá, Nheengatú (Branch III), Avá-Canoeiro (Branch IV), Anambé, Araweté, Asuriní of the Xingu (Branch V), Kayabi, Apiaká (Branch VI), Kamayurá (Branch VII), Guajá, Ka'apor and Zo'e (Branch VIII). Already the other languages present voiceless obstruents being transparent to the nasalization process. The directionality of spreading is predominantly regressive, although it may have also progressive or bidirectional spreading; these two last are quite often in morphological process. The domain of nasalization is two types: local, when is N and the word when is Ṽ. In summary, the work follows several steps that help in the investigation of nasalization phenomena in the Tupí-Guaraní languages. The approach in this study is typological since it uses crosslinguistic methods to check, among the languages investigated, similarities and differences in patterns related to the subject in question. Thus, the research carried out in this dissertation seeks to provide important information about nasalization processes in these languages. We expect that this research may promote future analyses regarding the phonological typology of the indigenous languages of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de fraseologia do futebol brasileiro das séries B, C e D em jornais digitais populares: construção de um dicionário eletrônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-27) SALVADOR, Carlene Ferreira Nunes; RAZKY, Abdelhak; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8153913927369006
One of the knowing the social thought history through centuries is present in a vast number of expressions that can convey the way one or more generations live and can work as conduct instruments able to be aplied in daily life. The factors that allow its union under the hypernymy phraseology are essentially semantic, that is, its signification is established from a set of elements that constitute them and its high level of lexicalization. What characterizes the permanent expression is the conventionality of the group and its memorization as a cohesion block, its sequence is recovered from the memory as a whole and recognized as an informational unity. The studies of the phraseological units of the common language have long been carried out through the organization of repeated expressions, orally or in writing, in important works of literature from different eras. In turn, common language phraseology encompasses the study of quite different units: proverbs, dictations, idioms, phrases, and utterances. However, the study of these units in specialty languages has only recently begun to gain ground due to the advancement of the sciences and the need to understand the languages of the specific areas that are developed, in view of the new technologies and linguistic mobility to which the Man is exposed. In this sense, the present PhD work aims to identify, describe and analyze in written texts from the Sport Notebook section of five Brazilian capital newspapers: Amazônia Jornal / Belém, Daqui / Goiânia, Diário Gaúcho / Porto Alegre, Massa / Salvador e Meia Hora de Notícias / Rio de Janeiro the phraseology related to the universe of football series B, C and D of the Brazilian championship. The data were collected in the time-cut from 2008 to 2015, which includes a post and a FIFA World Cup pre-match, which leads us to believe that there is a natural propensity to produce these structures, as well as verify the degree of crystallization Of these phraseological units. Corpus linguistics is part of the methodological procedures and the empirical approach used to compile and extract data according to Berber Sardinha (2004) and Tagnin (2005). The theoretical basis adopted is limited to the taxonomy proposed by Gross (1982), Gross (1996) and Mejri (1997, 1998, 2002, 2012), Xatara (1994, 1998); Ortiz-Alvarez (2000 ; 2012) and Oto-Vale (2002) for the identification of the criteria and the analysis of the phraseological units. For a specific approach to phraseology, we rely on the precepts developed by Mejri (1997; 2012), in which the author explicitly states that underlying syntactic behaviors of fixed sequences are deep semantic mechanisms. Considered under this bias, the studies in the area of phraseology not only allow to reflect on questions in the field of language, but also contribute to understand a particular community by recording and analyzing the expressions that make up its linguistic heritage. 1318 phraseological units were found and the data obtained reveal a considerable presence of phraseologies in the texts investigated. Some very emblematic examples: pisar na bola, gol de bicicleta and lá onde a coruja dorme. The corpus evidences, therefore, uncontested marks of these phraseologies in the lexicon, reason for which it is necessary to investigate these marks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do léxico da língua Apurinã uma proposta de macro e microestrura para o dicionário Apurinã
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-28) PADOVANI, Bruna Fernanda Soares de Lima; FACUNDES, Sidney da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9502308340482231; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-8620
This thesis aims to describe and analyze the lexicon of the Apurinã language (Aruák) with the purpose of elaborating a bilingual bi-directional general Apurinã-Portuguese/Portuguese- Apurinã dictionary. Apurinã is an indigenous ethnicity and a minority language spoken mainly in communities scattered along the banks of several tributaries of the Purus River in the south part of the state of Amazonas. This work sought to articulate academic and social objectives in which, on one hand, we have the description and analysis of the lexical system of the Apurinã language and, on the other, a comprehensive documentation of this language in order to ensure written registration of it, helping the Apurinã people in their native language teaching-learning and literacy initiatives. It is noteworthy that, in the case of Apurinã and other Brazilian indigenous languages, the importance of the latter aspect is increasing, since indigenous languages are in danger of extinction. To this end, this thesis was organized in two volumes. The first volume consists in four parts, which in turn consist of seven chapters. The second volume presents the Apurinã dictionary, product of this thesis. In the first part of the first volume entitled, Initial Considerations, we have in the first chapter an introduction to some general characteristics of the language, culture, and territory of the Apurinã people, as well as the context of the research; in the second chapter we present the theoretical contributions necessary for its construction; in the third chapter we discuss about the construction and organization of the corpus used in this research. In the second part, Apurinã Lexicon Structure, we present in the fourth chapter an overview of the phonetic-phonological aspects of Apurinã, where we show the inventory of vowels and consonants, pointing out the variations that occur involving some segments, and the different language spelling proposals; in the fifth chapter we focus on the open lexical categories of the language, beginning with the description of nouns, their subcategories, discuss the processes of lexical innovation, linguistic variation and the phenomenon of double vocabulary, then deal with verbs and their subcategories. In the sixth chapter, we deal with the closed lexical categories (pronouns, demonstratives, interrogative words, floating particles and morphemes), pointing out their main characteristics and functions. In the third part, Apurinã Dictionary, which is made up of the seventh chapter, we discuss how the dictionary was organized and the decisions made regarding the proposed macro and microstructure. The fourth part of this thesis, Final Considerations, is composed by the conclusions, where we make an overview of the work and the possible developments that can be explored from the dictionary, for example, an electronic version of the dictionary, pedagogical dictionaries, glossaries of specific fields of the Apurinã culture and thematic booklets; the appendixes are formed by small texts collected exclusively for this research; and by the questionnaires. Finally, the seconde volume is presented, which consists the proposal of the dictionary for the Apurinã language.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo geosociolinguístico do português falado em áreas indígenas Galibi-Marworno e Karipuna
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-28) CARVALHO, Amanda da Costa; RAZKY, Abdelhak; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8153913927369006; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8917
The aim of this work is to map, at the phonetic level, the Portuguese spoken by the Karipuna and Galibi-Marworno peoples, located in the Uaçá Indigenous Land, in the municipality of Oiapoque, in the state of Amapá, bordering the French commune of Saint-Georges, Department of French Guiana. The general objective of this research is to describe and analyze the phonetic variation found in Brazilian Portuguese Indigenous in contact with the Kheuól language (Creole of French base spoken by the natives), in the realizations of pretonic medium vowel pretonic average vowel [e]; maintenance of the diphthong [eɪ], [oʊ] and / R / in the syllable coda in the internal position. The theoretical-methodological assumptions that led to this research were based on Pluridimensional and Contatual Dialectology (RADKE; THUN, 1996; THUN, 1998), on Geolinguistics (GILLIERON, 1902) and Geossociolinguistics (RAZKY, 1998). Based on the communities studied, in the Pluridimensional Dialectology and Geossociolinguistics, the selected dimensions were the diatopic dialectal, the topostatic, the diassexual / diagenerational. Four survey points were selected: two Galibis-Marworno (Kumarumã and Tukay) and two Karipuna (Manga and Santa Isabel) communities. Four employees were socially stratified (age and gender) in each locality: (i) the first age group, a man and a woman aged 18 to 37; (ii) in the second age group, a man and a woman between 45 and 75 years of age. Throughout the data collection were applied: Phonological-Phonological Questionnaire (QFF) adapted with the total of 164 questions, with bilingual answers; Sociolinguistic Questionnaire of the Sonorous Atlas of Brazilian Indigenous Languages Project (CABRAL et al., 2015). The sociolinguistic results showed that the Galibi-Marworno and the Karipuna are two totally distinct peoples, with different levels of proficiency in KH and PBI. The phonetic analysis corroborated previous work on the identified phonetic phenomena, with the exception of the ditongo [eɪ]. We also add that, data related to social analyzes of phonetic data were not significant for phonetic variation. This context allows us to propose that the regional PB talk of the non-indigenous collaborators who live in areas close to the researched villages is propagated in the indigenous areas, forming, consequently, a continuum of speech with regional talk.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo geossociolinguístico do léxico do Portuguê falado em áreas indígenas de língua Tupi-guarani nos estados do Pará e do Maranhão Tomo I
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-27) COSTA, Eliane Oliveira da; MEJRI, Salah; RAZKY, Abdelhak; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8153913927369006
For a long time, Dialectology was characterized by exclusively sustaining concern with the diatopic perspective of linguistic variation. However, the current configuration of modern societies has led the area to accept the importance of sociolinguistic factors and linguistic contacts in understanding linguistic phenomena, and, from that moment on, to consider other dimensions in which a natural language can vary. The current thesis was carried out within the geosociolinguistic and/or multi-dimensional perspective. It sought to investigate the lexical variation of Portuguese spoken in Tupí-Guaraní indigenous areas in the states of Pará and Maranhão in the light of the Pluridimensional and Relational Dialectology proposed by Radtke and Thun (1999), Thun (1998, 2000, 2010, 2017), which combines the horizontal (diatopic) dimension with the vertical (diastratic) dimension and the studies by Cardoso (2010), Cardoso and Mota (2016) Razky (1998, 2010), Elizaincín (2010), Calvet (2002), Romaine (1996), Chambers and Trudgill (1998), Trudgill (1999) and Berruto (2010). Four indigenous lands were studied: Trocará (Asuriní do Tocantins/PA), Nova Jacundá (Guaraní Mbyá/PA), Sororó (Suruí Aikewára/PA) and Cana Brava (Guajajára/MA), which are the diatopic dimension of this study. In each community, we sought to interview ten participants. The dimensions considered were the diagenerational (5 to 10 years – Age group C, 18 to 37 years – Age group A, 47 to 75 years – Age group B); the diageneric (male and female), and the diastratic (not educated or educated until the 8th grade (9th grade) and educated from the 1st grade of high school). In addition to the previously mentioned dimensions, the dialingual one (referring to the contact between two or more languages in a language community) was also considered in the research. The dialingual dimension was broadly contemplated by the following linguistic contact relationships: Portuguese/Asuriní from Tocantins; Portuguese/Guaraní Mbyá, Portuguese/Suruí Aikewára and Portuguese/Guajajára. Data collection was carried out on-site and employed the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire (QSL) of the Brazilian Linguistic Atlas (ALiB) Project. In addition, the situation of bilingualism in the studied communities was observed through the Sociolinguistic Questionnaire (QS). In general, the results show that the lexicon of Portuguese spoken in the studied indigenous lands reflect a continuum, both in the indigenous area considered in data collection and in non-indigenous areas where the ethnic communities are located. Concerning bilingualism, the diagenerational dimension (age group B) is decisive for the maintenance of indigenous languages in the language communities herein studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo geossociolinguístico do léxico do Português falado pelos Baré, Tukano e Baniwa em São Gabriel da Cachoeira(AM): Tomo I
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-16) FELIX, Maria Ivanete de Santana; SOLANO, Eliete de Jesus Bararuá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729560354405732; RAZKY, Abdelhak; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8153913927369006; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8917
The awareness of the differences or similarities existing in a community’s language is a response to the extralinguistic factors inherent to the speakers. Searching beyond the geographical aspect, we attest this assertion corresponds to a current conception within the scope of Pluridimensional and Relational Dialectology. This doctoral thesis, in line with this perspective, has as its general objective, to investigate the lexical variation of the Portuguese language spoken by the Baré, Tukano and Baniwa indigenous groups, in São Gabriel da Cachoeira (SGC) municipality, located in the state of Amazonas (AM), registering its features by means of linguistic maps with emphasis upon the diatopic, diagerational, diasexual and diastratic dimensions. The main theoretical and methodological contributions to this investigation rely on the studies of Thun (1998, 2000); Razky (1996, 2013) and Cardoso (1999), concerning the fields of dialectology and geosociolinguistics; Rodrigues (1963, 1985, 1986); Rodrigues and Cabral (2002); and Felix (2002), in respect of indigenous languages. The geolinguistic method accounts for the definition of the research locus and for the data collection procedures, mainly through questionnaires. The first one was the Sociolinguistic Questionnaire (SQ) from the project Atlas Sonoro das Línguas Indígenas do Brasil (ASLIB); the second, was the Metalinguistic/Epilinguistic Questionnaire; and the third one was the Lexical-Semantic Questionnaire from the project Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (QSL-ALiB-2001). Three enquiry points have been set, and eight speakers from each language, either sex, distinct educational levels and two different age ranges were interviewed, totaling 24 consultants. Forty lexical items referring to thirteen semantic fields were picked out of the collected and treated data. Results stemming from the analysis of the four dimensions, demonstrated that in this geographical area there is a significant lexical plurality to designate one same lexical item; however, there is no geographical delimitation restricted to the realization of the lexical variants found among the enquiry points. Considering the data from the Linguistic Atlas of Amazon (ALAM), Linguistic Atlas of Southern Amazon State (ALSAM) and Linguistic Atlas of Brazil (ALiB), the majority of the compared data provide evidences that there is more accentuated proximity of the variants registered in the ALSAM atlas. The Portuguese currently spoken in SGC, despite the socio historical factors, does not point to specific lexical items of a micro area, and presents slight distinction from the Portuguese spoken in other areas of the Amazon region and from the standard Portuguese language. This research will provide contributions to the fields of Geosociolinguistics and Pluridimensional Dialectology, having Razky and Thun as lead researchers respectively, as well as to the studies developed in the state of Amazon and to the ASLIB and GeoLinTerm projects to which this investigation is linked.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A forma verbal TXA da língua Apurinã: um fenômeno de gramaticalização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-21) BATISTA, Gabriela de Andrade; FACUNDES, Sidney da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9502308340482231; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-8620
Semantic domains as polysemy and homonymy do not explain satisfactorily some behaviors related to the verb txa of the Apurinã (Arawak) language, spoken by indigenous communities that live along tributaries of the Rio Purus, southwest of the Amazonas state. Hence, the grammaticalization process is the option which better offers the possibility to analyze and describe the form of this verb manifestation in the language, which ccurs in different contexts, with distinct meanings and syntactic behavior, but the same verb form. Facundes (2000) describes the txa verb as behaving as a full verb, pro-verb, copula verb, and auxiliary verb. The hypothesis is that there is some semantic relation between the different occurrences of the verb, but with morphosyntactic behavior that differ according to the verb meaning/function. Therefore, it is possible to consider that there is a grammaticalization process in progress in the language, wherein some “source” verbal meaning gives origin to a “target” meaning, this last one being more abstract, as a result of a semantic bleaching process. This research consisted of a selected a corpus composed of 32 texts, part of the Apurinã language database, plus some other texts collected with native speakers through field trip, a systematic survey of the different occurrences of this verb, their description and analysis, to visualize the verb’s behavior in the language, intending to verify the direction of the linguistics changing occurred and have a wide view about the grammaticalization phenomenon which occurs in Apurinã, more specifically with the verbal form txa.

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