Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acúmulo e exportação de carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e metais em canais de maré dos manguezais de Marapanim, Costa Norte Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) MATOS, Christiene Rafaela Lucas de; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
In this study, we assessed the potential of intertidal mudflat sediments along mangrove forest to accumulate and export carbon, nutrients (N and P) and metals (Fe and Mn), in addition to examine the influence of the Amazonian seasonal rainfall patterns on the physicochemical conditions, diagenetic processes and exchange of nutrients and metals along the sediment-water interface (SWI) in intertidal mudflats fringed by pristine mangroves. The study was carried out in the Marapanim River estuarine system (northern Brazil), which is fringed by extensive areas of well-developed mangroves, part of the largest continuous and best preserved mangrove forest in the world, located approximately 200 km from west of the mouth of the Amazon River. The results of this work are presented in two articles. The first deals with the potential of stocks and accumulation of COT, NT and PT in intertidal mudflat sediments, in addition we investigate the potential sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The second assesses the influence of seasonal rainfall pattern on physicochemical properties, the diagenetic processes and the diffusive fluxes of nutrients at the SWI in the Marapanim mangrove creeks. During wet season the salinity values decreased as a consequence of the increase in rainfall, with a dilution-mixing zone in the top sediment (<15 cm). In the dilution-mixing zone, Fe (III) and Mn (IV) reduction are the dominant anaerobic respiratory processes in the sediments. The redox zonation of sediments oscillated in response to the rainfall patterns, with the highest concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in deeper sediment layers during the dry season. Under suboxic conditions, the mudflat sediments act as a source of Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3- to the water column, and these fluxes were driven by rainfall. The results indicated that mangrove-fringed mudflats are quite effective in retaining carbon, nutrients and iron in sediment solid phases than exporting to the coastal waters, while can potentially be a significant contributor to the oceanic Mn cycle. The potential of these mangrove creeks to accumulate these elements is directly related to grain size, sources and susceptibility of OM degradation. In addition, temporal variability in pyrite formation revealed that the solid phase retention mechanisms are also susceptible to seasonal effects, with lower concentrations of chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS, mainly pyrite fraction) during the dry season. Therefore, we show that these seasonal variabilities implied substantial changes of physicochemical properties and the diagenetic processes, affecting the release of metals and nutrients from the SWI and their accumulation in the sediment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As águas subterrâneas de Belém e adjacências: influência da Formação Pirabas e parâmetros físico-químicos para medidas de qualidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-04-08) SAUMA FILHO, Michel; LIMA, Waterloo Napoleão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1229104235556506
In the Metropolitan Region of Belém (PA) the water supply to the population comes from springs (physiographic area of Utinga) and from a network of positional tube wells, in general, in more remote urban areas or where pumping is precarious. This work evaluates the groundwater used in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, correlating data of physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters, in an attempt to compose an understandable picture about the quality of these waters, and to verify the influence that they suffer from the geological units in which they are located. the aquifers that preserve them are located. To carry out the work, water samples were collected in two different seasonal periods: dry and rainy. After exhaustive consultation of the files of companies, institutions and researchers, 17 tubular wells were selected, 9 in Belém, 5 in Icoaraci, 2 in Mosqueiro and 1 in Ananindeua (Annex A). The most frequent turbidity indices were between 9 and 14 units (ppm of SiO2), but some wells showed higher values (33, 41 and 71 ppm of SiO2. Only in some cases, this turbidity can be immediately correlated with the silica content obtained by chemical analysis. The most frequent color measurements are in the range from zero to 7.5 U.C., with the zero index predominating. However, some wells showed a value above 100 U.C. and others, less frequent, with indices varying between 20 and 60 U.C. The pH and electrical conductivity were quite different parameters. Thus, the highest pH and electrical conductivity indices were verified in the aquifers of the Pirabas Formation. In these cases, the pH was around 6 .4 to 7.6 and conductivity between 231 and 362 µS/cm, with a discontinuity at 87.5 µS/cm, also attributed to a well associated with the aforementioned Formation. More acidic waters (pH below 6.38 and above of 4.01) are certainly attributed to the aquifers of the Barreiras and Post-Barreiras Group. The chemical constituents, notably the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, are consistent with the interpretation of the numerical values of pH and electrical conductivity. Without exception, the concentrations of Ca2+ are higher than those of the other cations, establishing a decreasing order according to Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+>K+, with some inversion between Na+ and Mg2+. The highest concentrations of Ca2+ (soon followed by Mg2+) result from the dissolution of carbonates present in the Pirabas limestone. In fact, confirming this assertion, the concentrations of HCO-3 are also much higher than the concentrations of Cl- and SO2-4. It is to be expected, therefore, that the dissolution of Pirabas sediments produces higher concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO-3. The silica and iron contents also discriminate such waters. In general, higher silica contents correspond to greater depths, as would be expected, taking into account the action of chemical weathering on silicate minerals. As for iron, this constitutes a differentiating parameter of the waters of the Pirabas Formation, almost always at much lower levels than the corresponding values associated with the Barreiras and Post-Barreiras aquifers, with, however, exceptions, in which appreciable indices of iron related to Pirabas sediments. It should be noted that the Pirabas Formation appears in the Metropolitan Region of Belém almost always at depths greater than 100 m, although there are records of smaller depths, but these are apparently rarer situations, as is the case with well number 3. , on the University Campus, near the Guamá River, with a depth of 76 m, and the 94 m well of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, in the central area of the city (Annex A). The exhaustive consultation of the aforementioned archives of institutions, companies and researchers led to the realization that many tubular wells installed in the urban area use water associated with the Barreiras and Post-Barreiras aquifers, where the pH values are almost always, below 6 units, and electrical conductivity measurements rarely reach 100 µS/cm. Finally, it appears that there is a need for greater investments in order to increase the prospection and use of groundwater in the region, as these, in addition to dispensing with treatment prior to distribution, are still a source of resources, not dimensioned, but of great potential.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da cobertura e uso do solo na bacia hidrográfica dos lagos Bolonha e Água Preta, Belém, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-20) BARROS, Jackison Mateus Lopes; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-808X
The increase in the urban population in the world has impacted river basins that supply water to cities, including the treatment and distribution of drinking water for domestic, industrial and commercial use. One example is the Bolonha and Água Preta Lakes Hydrographic Basin (BHLBA) in the Belém Metropolitan Region (RMB), the second largest urban agglomeration in the Brazilian Amazon, with 2.3 million inhabitants. One of the best ways to monitor the dynamics of river basins is through remote sensing techniques with orbital images, due to the quality of the spatio-temporal data. This work aims to analyze the changes in land cover and use in the last four decades in the BHLBA, through images from the Landsat satellite series from the years 1984, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2018, 2021 and 2023, using a geographic object-oriented image analysis (GEOBIA) methodology. Thus, the classes of lakes (L), urban area (AU), aquatic macrophytes (MA), arboreal vegetation (VA) and pasture (P) were evaluated. The overall accuracy of the images showed values around 90%, with the main error being allocation errors. Changes that occurred over the years were identified, such as the significant growth of macrophytes on the water surface of the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes, which decreased by approximately 3.7%. A 13.4% increase in arboreal vegetation in the BHLHA was also recorded, evidencing a forest recomposition. A 3.2% growth in urban areas around the BHLBA was also observed, which is worrying because human influence can put the health of the water supply sources of the RMB at risk. The GEOBIA methodology proved to be adequate for the study and we recommend that monitoring be continued due to the socio environmental importance of the area under study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de imagens de sensores remotos orbitais para mapeamento de ambientes costeiros tropicais e de índices de sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo no Golfão Maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-18) TEIXEIRA, Sheila Gatinho; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
The oil spills in Brazil are more and frequents, causing several impacts on environments and biological communities. Envronmental sensitivy index maps of oil spils are indispensbles components of contingency and emergency answer plans for this tpe of accident. These maps present a system of classification based on geomorphologic characteristics of the áreas, which are defined by the following factors: wave and tidal energy exposure relative degree, shoreline slope and substrate type, and also, the easiness to clean and remove the oil impacted áreas. In this contect, the “Golfão Maranhense” region, located on Northern “Maranhão” State, was chosen in order to map and analyze the environmental sensitivity indexes (ESis) of oil spills on coastal environments, for in this área, we find the second largest port in draught of the world, the Porto f “Itaqui”. Moreover, this region is the route of six hundred oil tankers per year, which are potential agents that cause the oil spill. The methodological approach for creating the maps of environmental sensitivity index included the integrated analysis of coastal environments based on digital image processing from remote optical sensores, in this case, Landsat-4TM, CBERG-2 CCD and SPOT-2 HRV, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images from RADARSAT-1 Wide 1, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation data, geographic information system and Field surveys related to geomorphology, topography and sedimentology. Using the aforementioned methods, the coastal environments recognized in “Golfão Maranhense” were grouped according to their envronmental sensitivity index: 1 – Solid men-made structures (ESI 1B); 2- Cliffs (ESI 1C); 3 – Fine grained sand beaches and móbile dunes (ESI 3ª); 4- Tidal sandflats (ESI 7); 5- Mixed intertidal Banks, tidal mudflats and ebb-tidal delta (ESI 9ª); 6- Supratidal sandflat (ESI 9C); 7- Saltmarshes (ESI 10ª); 8- Fresh marhes and intermittent lakes (ESI 10B) and 9- Mangrove (ESI 10C). This approach is efficient to recognize and analyze coastal environments and, therefore, it pernitted the sensivity index attribution for the oil spill on yhese environments, in a georefenced data base, which allows making faster e more efficiently decisions in case oil spills come to happen.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de imagens Landsat ETM, Radarsat-1 e modelos numéricos de terreno para o mapeamento dos índices de sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo na costa de manguezais do nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) BOULHOSA, Messiana Beatriz Malato; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Accidents related to exploration and oil transport are a threat to coast zones araund the world. Oil spills are an ecological disaster that may cause irreparable damage to the environment affecting living beings that live in these coast zones and also the local economy. Characterizing coast environments is very complex because of the many limiting factors during the mapping process. When it comes to humid tropical environment, like in Pará northeast coast, it gets worse because this area is typically dominated by macro tide. First of all, the macro tide plain creates low areas where informations about the relief are, most of times, scarce and the plain metric representation is dominant. Secondly, the tide variations with its vertical and horizontal moving produces strong changes on the sediment coast environment limits. Thirdly, the geomorphological modifications in the coast areas are intense and fast. Towards this context, the objective of this master’s degree dissertation is to create a map of the coast environment and a rating map of the environmental sensitivity about the oil spills in a certain part of Pará state northeast coast. The methodology consisted on processing digital images from remote sensors in the range of optical (Landsat ETM +7) and microwave (RADARSAT–1 Wide-1) associated to data from the SRTM (shuttle radar topographic mission) digital model of elevation, and to the field data collected in SIG (geographical information system) environment, providing an integrated analysis of the spectral, geomorphological, altimetrical and sedimentological characteristics of the coastal environments in cartographic georeferenced bases. The most important results of this dissertation allowed: 1) The evaluation of the potential of the images Landsat ETM +7, RADARSAT-1 and of the multi sensors fusion products used for identifying the coastal environment and the Environment Sensitivity Rates (ISA) of oil spills in this areas 2) Recognizing and describing five main morphological unities and fourteen sub unities: Coastal Plateau, Tide Plain, Coastal Plain and Alluvial Plain 3) Identifying and classifying eight unities of Environmental Sensitivity Rates (ISA) for the Amazon coast zone which are: ISA 1B – support wall; ISA 3B – exposed scarps with declivity to the sand; ISA 9B – sand bank and plains of tidal vegetable mudflats; ISA 9C – hypersalt herbaceous fields, ISA 10A – salt and salobre herbaceous fields; ISA10C – Mangrove; ISA 10D – Lea; 5) creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Rates map to oil spill of the studied area. The using of remote sensors techniques and SIG proved to be an important tool for recognizing and analyzing coast environments and for generating maps to coast environments and to environmental sensitivity rates to oil spills in the northeast coast of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do padrão espectro-temporal de ambientes costeiros com imagens Landsat, Ilha de Marajó/PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-06) CARDOSO, Gustavo Freitas; SOUZA JUNIOR, Carlos Moreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2090802631407077; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Knowledge of spatial and temporal distribution and monitoring of its dynamic evolution are the most important factors for the study and management of wetlands. The aim of this study was to characterize, to map, to compare the spectral response of coastal wetlands, as well as detect the changes on the eastern shore of Marajo, State of Pará, using images from TM Landsat-5 reflectance. To this end, the images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected. Were collected in the reference image (2008), at least 20 polygonal samples (5x5 pixels) for each type of land cover. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD Test and an index of spectral separability of pairs of regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. The mapping was generated from the supervised classification Spectral Angle Mapper, and validating data, outlined by the Confusion Matrix. Thus were recognized the following units: MAN - mangrove, MAD - degraded mangrove, PRD – beaches and dunes, VSI – initial secondary vegetation, VSA - advanced secondary vegetation, ACS – water with sediment, ASS - water without sediment, OCH - human occupation and CAM – marshes. The result of ANOVA showed that there are significant differences between the average reflectance in all classes and at least one pair of means, for all bands (1-5 and 7) image. The Tukey HSD test found that the smallest difference between two means of bands 1 and 2 occurs in pair VSAMAN, the band 3, VSI-MAN, the band 4, OCH-MAN, the band 5, OCH-PRD, and band 7, ASS-ACS. The function of spectral separability of pairs of ROIs highlighted a low value for the pair of classes OCH-CAM. The calculation accuracy of the mapping showed acceptable values. Was also applied the technique of spectral mixture model to determine the fractions – green vegetation, water and/or shade, soil and vegetation not photosynthetically active – in reflectance images in years from 1988, 1994, 1998, 2004, 2006 and 2008. The detection of changes over the years was done with the help of the tri-linear diagram of Thompson, used to analyze the evolution of Mangrove environments, Salt Marshes with a predominance of soils, Grassland Salt Marshes, Beaches and Dunes, Wet Sediment, Water with Sediment and Water without Sediment. The results showed that 80% of the samples from mangrove environment, maintained their spectral characteristics, ie, the environment has not changed over time, and that 15% of possible paths indicated a gradual change for the formation of mangrove until 2008. Of the total number of pixels analyzed for this environment, 93% corresponded to the actual mangrove, confirming a relative stability of this environment in the study area. Salt Marshes showed an unusual condition in the analysis of the image of the reference year (2008), with spectral response similar to the soil characteristics, this is not checked in years gone by. In recent years, there was a predominance of Grassland Salt Marshes. As for the environment Beaches and Dunes revealed a considerable increase of its surface (66.7%) in the 20-year period (1988-2008). Overall, the results suggest that the study area has undergone the process of progradation of sediments along the shoreline and stabilization in the increase of surface Mangrove since 2006. For the Salt Marshes detect the variations in the abundance values among the three fractions (Green Vegetation, Shade/Water, Non-photosynthetically Active Vegetation and Soil) generated by the spectral mixture model, mainly due to seasonal climate in the region. The method of change detection applied fostered the development of a model spectral dispersion diagram for coastal wetlands. This model should assist in future research about the monitoring of the impacts of the humid coastal environments from the increase in sea level, the location and spectral characterization, and change detection.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espaço-temporal dos manguezais degradados de Bragança, com base em imagens de satélite e modelos de elevação digital
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-22) MOLANO CÁRDENAS, Sergio Mauricio; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The Bragança Peninsula occurs at the northern littoral of Brazil, in the state of Pará. It is characterized by the largest continuous mangrove belt in the world. The construction of the PA- 458 road in the ‘70s changed the hydrodynamics of the peninsula, causing the degradation of a considerable portion of the mangroves in the central region of the peninsula. Recently, degraded areas are being colonized by mangrove trees, mainly by the Avicennia germinans specie. This study intends to identify changes in the degraded areas of the tidal flats in topographically higher sectors during the last 35 years. To reach that objective, we used the following techniques: a) manual mapping of the degraded areas with mid spatial resolution satellite imagery; b) object-based classification of the degraded areas and mangrove species, using high spatial resolution satellite imagery; c) photogrammetry of drone imagery; d) digital elevation models; and e) topographic validation with theodolite and GNSS GPS “Antenna Catalyst”. From 1986 to 2019, there was a reduction in the degraded areas of 247.96 ha according to the mid-resolution “dataset” quantification. However, high-resolution data showed a reduction in the degraded areas of 211.65 ha between 2003 and 2019. The degraded areas quantification presents fluctuations in the regeneration trend; it is related to significant climatic phenomena such as “El Niño” and “La Niña”, accompanied by periods of drought and high rainfall, respectively. Overall accuracy and Kappa index values for the high-resolution data generally exhibited values above 0.9. Producers’ and users’ accuracy and Kappa per class values showed the difficulties separating mangrove species due to the lack of radiometric resolution of the analyzed images. The digital terrain model representing the tidal flat showed two topographically differentiated regions in the degraded areas, separated by the PA-458 road, which are mainly influenced by the Caeté’s and Taperaçú’s characteristics. This same difference was found in the vegetation height model, where the largest trees are located toward the SE side of the road, reaching 25 m, while at the NW side of the road, the tree heights oscillated mainly between 5 and 15 m. The sea-level rise specifically controls regeneration rates. This relocated the intertidal zone to topographically higher areas, increasing tidal flushing processes, essential for the mangrove forests development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem para avaliação da vulnerabilidade à perda de solo das margens da Baía de Marajó, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-30) GUIMARÃES, Ulisses Silva; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Marajó Bay is part of the Coastal Zone in the Amazon estuary, and it constitutes a form of "V" with intensive processes of erosion and progradation. The bay shores are the object of this study, from the west coast, represented by the west coast by Salvaterra and Soure municipalities, to the east coast of Mosqueiro Island. The purpose is to analyze the coastal environments adjacent to the Marajó Bay, with a systemic and integrated approach using thematic databases (geology, geomorphology, pedology, climatology and Use and Land Cover) and remote sensing images (Landsat TM 5 and MDE SRTM) to prepare maps syntheses of landscape units and vulnerability to loss of soil as a subsidy to coastal management. The main steps of this methodology are: i) atmospheric correction by dark-object subtraction, geometric correction by orthorectification, with supervised classification algorithm Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) through training samples to map the Use and Land Cover; ii) compilation, adaptation and classification to improve data of morphology; iii) development of derivatives geomorphometric; and, iv) integration of the thematic basis for map algebra, with an overlap equation for synthesis of the landscape units maps and another equation for the preparation of the arithmetic average map of vulnerability to loss of soil. The Marajo Bay shores have mostly the unit of Fields with 17.61% of the study area (50,483.16 ha), maximum altimetry of 58 m, the topography is flat and smooth, the relief were overwhelmingly straight and planar. The integrated data indicate that the pedogenetic processes prevail in only 3.58% (10,231.38 ha) of the study area. The areas in balance between morphogenic and pedogenetic processes correspond to 3.75% (10,737.63 ha), while morphogenesis is prevalent in 42.40% (121,317.39 ha). The superiority of morphogenic units shows the hazard of coastal environments per surface mechanisms, how substrate desegregation and erosion by processes of runoff and mass displacement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A aplicação da cromatografia gasosa acoplada (GC-FID), isótopos estáveis, palinologia e razão C:N na reconstituição paleoambiental de manguezais do Estado da Bahia e Espírito Santo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-30) SILVA, Fernando Augusto Borges da; ALBERGARIA-BARBOSA, Ana Cecília Rizzatti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2666263256585897; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-7702
Mangroves depend on ideal geomorphological, geochemical, and climatic factors to develop. Brazil, with its highly indented coastline under tropical and sub-tropical climate regimes, presents suitable conditions for the establishment of these ecosystems and distribution. The dynamics of these mangroves can be influenced by factors related to climatic variations and changes in hydrodynamic flow, resulting in modifications in sediment input and the origin of organic matter. These changes can be observed throughout the Holocene in different regions in of the country. On the northeast and southeast coast, the evolution of these ecosystems is associated with fluctuations in relative sea level (RSL) and sedimentary dynamics, while in the southern region, the change in the distribution of mangroves is a reflection of fluctuations in the RSL and climate changes caused by warming global. Recent studies seek to describe the evolution of these environments based on the elemental and isotopic characterization of organic matter. These constitute important tools in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. However, it is necessary to remember that the comparative analysis of the largest possible number of independent parameters is relevant as it adds value to the research and increases the reliability of the data to be analyzed, generating more precise information. Therefore, aiming to unravel the dynamics of organic matter in mangrove environments, as well as understanding movements of expansion and/or contraction of these ecosystems, analyzes of nalkanes were carried out using chromatography (GC-FID), associated with the sedimentary study, pollen data, isotopic and elemental analyses, synchronized with 14C and 210Pb dating, which allowed obtaining information about past biogeochemical processes and environmental changes during the Holocene and Anthropocene in the coastal plain at the mouth of the Itapicuru river (BA) and at the mouth of the Barra Seca and Jucu rivers (ES). Thus, the results of this research are presented in five scientific articles. The first, see chapter III, deals with the expansion of mangroves at the mouth of the Itapecuru river (BA) during the Anthropocene. The second scientific article (chapter IV) deals with the dynamics of mangroves at the mouth of the Barra Seca River, on the northern littoral of the State of Espírito Santo. The third article (chapter V) discusses the palynology tool used to understand the dynamics of coastal vegetation.The fourth article (chapter VI) presents the environmental changes that occurred at the mouth of the Jucu River, on the central coast of the State of Espírito Santo. Finally, the fifth article presents the results of n-alkanes analyses, compared with isotopic, elemental, palynological data, and 14C dating on the coastal plain of the Barra Seca River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arquitetura deposicional e dinâmica evolutiva de cordões litorâneos sob influência de delta, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) COUTINHO, Cláudia Maria Arraes; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790; 8225311897488790
Ridges are morphological features that frequently occur in coastal regions of prograding characteristic. These features are common along the deltaic lowland of Doce River (Espirito Santo, Brazil) however there are a lack of research works over their genesis and evolutive dynamics. The studies performed within Doce River’s region discuss its deltaic system hence its ridges are generically described though satellite images together with sedimentary and chronologic punctual data, which is inapplicable for a continuous lateral investigation of its subsurface. The GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) application in coastal zones aiming the investigation of quaternary sedimentation has been widely explored due to the vertical subcentimetric resolution of this electromagnetic geophysical method. Therefore, to fulfill the lack of knowledge over Doce River’s deltaic lowland, the stratigraphic architecture of its complex ridges was investigated through the analysis and interpretation of GPR sections correlated to geochronologic and sedimentary unprecedented data acquired through the thematic project 2011/00995-7 sponsored by FAPESP and data available in the literature. As a result, sedimentary aspects and processes related to the ridges’ genesis and evolutive dynamics according to relative sea level variations (NRM) and climate changes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspecto geoquímicos do material particulado da pluma estuarina do rio Amazonas: fatores que controlam as interações com as águas oceânicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-02-10) PEREIRA, Simone Baía; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
The geochemical aspects addressed in this investigation are the determination of the chemical composition of the material in suspension in coastal waters under the influence of the mouth of the Amazon River, indicating the possible location of the source of suspended material, as well as the influences that it suffers along the continent transition -ocean. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the predominance of kaolinite, illite and quartz clay minerals over the other identified inorganic components, observing the presence of chlorite, sometimes as a subordinate mineral in some samples, sometimes as a trace, and smectite in trace grades, which, like chlorite, is also present as a subordinate mineral. The centesimal mineralogical composition of the particulate material was estimated, associating the analytical results with X-ray diffraction data, using stoichiometric calculation, based on the scientific literature. The results obtained through the stoichiometric calculation confirm the tendency shown by the diffractograms. It is observed that the dominant clay minerals are kaolinite (maximum in 51.19%), associated with high levels of aluminum, distinguishing the dominance of this clay mineral in the sample in which this fact occurs, and illite (maximum in 42.43%) associated At high levels of potassium, when this clay mineral dominates the samples, the presence of iron and titanium colloids was also admitted. The content and nature of the organic matter associated with suspended sediments were evaluated, using elemental analysis for carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen, thermogram records and absorption spectra in the infrared region. In the sediments, organic compounds predominate (clay minerals, silica, iron colloids), with organic matter always having a content below 3.6%. Therefore, in interpreting the records of absorption spectra in the infrared region, the most intense bands are related to the dominant clay minerals in the material, that is, the illite and kaolinite mixture. Bands related to chemical bonds in clay minerals dominate in the infrared spectra. The clear and intense vibration band of the Si-O stretching, which extends from 1200 to 1000 cm-1, with its most significant developments around 1180 and 1034 cm-1, is well representative of structures of the illite and kaolinite types. And there is still a clear band, with weak folds around 950 to 915 cm-1, related to the Al-OH bond; bands around 790-800, 750-780, 640-690 cm-1; or in the range of 400 - 600 cm-1, the intense absorption bands recorded in the range of 4000 - 3400 cm-1, with their various developments, related to the bonds with hydroxyl, –OH, so common in clay minerals and an intense and average band recorded around 1640 cm-1 corresponding to the angular deformation of the HOH bond, a characteristic of constitutive water present in clay minerals. The infrared absorption spectra of humic and fulvic acids from different sources are similar but not identical. The (subtle) differences are the result of brief changes in their compositions. Perhaps the most interesting feature of the spectrum of humic acids is the appearance of intense and broad absorption bands related to the stretching vibrations of the C=O bond of several organic functional groups (carboxylic acids and their derivatives, aldehydes, ketones), in the range from 1709 to 1715 cm-1 and vibrations of aromatic compounds around 1600 to 1613 cm-1. The bands recorded around 1698 to 1701 cm-1 and around 1400 cm-1 indicate the presence of carboxyl and carbonyl groups. The most interesting aspects of the recorded spectra concern the appearance of clear (but weak) absorption bands in the range of 2959-2885 cm-1, attributed to methylene groups –CH2- of hydrocarbons; and the presence of a weak (but clear) band around 1385 cm-1 referring to the carboxyl and/or carbonyl groups. Leading to the conclusion that it is humic material present in organic matter from leaching and drainage of typical Amazonian soils, such as podzolic and latosolic. Elementary organic carbon contents range from 1.27% to 2.05%, while nitrogen contents range from 0.03% to 0.13%. These contents produce high C/N ratios (minimum 12.7% and maximum 68.3%) of material rich in cellulose decomposition products of vegetable origin. The integration of data from the chemical analysis of suspended matter with physical-chemical parameters of coastal waters and the variation in phosphorus levels (minimum of 0.06% to maximum of 0.71%, expressed in P2O5), associated with salinity variation (minimum of 24.31‰ and maximum of 39.19‰), used as limiting parameters, defined the existence of three characteristic zones of origin of suspended material: one predominantly terrigenous, one transitional and one predominantly oceanic biogenic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de dados de sensores remotos no reconhecimento e monitoramento de ambientes costeiros tropicais: cabos Cassiporé e Orange, Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-18) BATISTA, Edmilson das Mercês; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica de planícies inundáveis na costa do Amapá: uma análise a partir de modelos digitais de elevação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-22) REIS, Leonardo Nogueira dos; POLIDORE, Laurent
Digital Elevation Models (DEM) consist of the digital representation of elevation values at different points in a specific geographic area. The use of a DEM requires an explicit definition of the physical surface to be modeled, as the term is generic and represents any surface, whether a digital surface model (DSM), which describes the forest canopy and other artificial or natural objects above ground, or a digital terrain model (DTM), which represents altimetric values at ground level. The main products available globally and free of charge, such as the SRTM, are DSM, while many geoscientific studies require ground surface recognition, which is only possible from an DTM. In plains, this problem is accentuated, since the vegetation height, the canopy cover and the errors of the elevation measurement technique can be greater than the real altimetric amplitude of the topographic surface, creating false reliefs and compromising a correct geomorphological interpretation. As an area with extensive vegetation cover, seasonally flooded, difficult to access and extensive periods of precipitation and cloud cover, the Amazon Coastal Zone is challenging for field studies and even for remote sensing analyses. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of eight DEMs, one DTM obtained from airborne P-band radar and seven DSMs (AW3D30, ASTER GDEM, Copernicus DEM, NASADEM, SRTM, Topodata and an MDS obtained from X-band airborne radar) in the morphological characterization of a floodplain on the Amazon coast. A floodplain on the outskirts of the municipality of Mazagão, in the southern portion of the coast of Amapá, Brazil, was selected as a test area. All DEMs were resampled to the same 30 m mesh size and compared by visual control and statistical analysis based on slope elevation. The behavior of automated extraction from the hydrographic network was also analyzed. The comparison showed that the DTM obtained from P-band radar images was the most consistent with respect to terrain shapes, as it is less sensitive to vegetation. It was also found that even the DTM was not able to detect drainage lines or features corresponding to very small elevation variations. Rather than requiring more refined techniques or better spatial resolutions, which can result in unaffordable operational costs, we suggest that using external 2D data such as satellite imagery or existing databases can provide implicit 3D mapping for watershed modeling. hydrographic surveys in areas where elevations are not accurate enough. The approach was also applied in the detection and characterization of paleodrainages in lowland regions. These features are typically marked by the presence of vegetation on the banks and/or in the center of the paleochannels and record the evolution of river courses throughout the Quaternary. Although DSM are more suitable for this type of analysis, it was possible to verify, with the selection of altimetric points of the DTM, that they are likely to be recognized from the ground surface, although the product error is greater than the height variation. from the margins to the center of the paleochannels.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Concentração de mercúrio e selênio na Plataforma Costeira do Sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-03) PIRES, Alina Criane de Oliveira; KÜTTER, Vinicius Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6652786694334612; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-6800
Recent studies have addressed the increase in mercury concentrations in the South Atlantic over the last 600 years in the deep waters of this oceanic basin. Added to this growing problem, Mercury has high toxicity, in addition to its ability to biomagnify along the trophic web. Considering the large area of the Brazilian territorial sea and little information about this element in the South Atlantic, the present study aims to present data on the distribution of Hg on the platform of Southeast Brazil and its relationship with the main water masses in the region. . Thus, this work will address two topics: (i) Distribution of Mercury and Selenium (Se) in the Biological Pump under the influence of upwelling on the Cabo Frio-RJ platform. For this, 79 samples of plankton (fractions > 20μm, >64 μm , >150 μm and >300 μm) were collected on the Cabo Frio Continental Shelf during 7 oceanographic cruises in 2012. Hg was determined by atomic absorption by generation of cold vapor and Se by ICP-MS; (ii) Distribution of Mercury in the water masses in the South Atlantic Ocean (24ºs to 20ºs), Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. For this, water was collected on two cruises, one from November 5 to 6, 2016 aboard the Ocean Stalwart ship, and another from December 5 to 20, 2016, at 17 points water was collected in depth profiles. The determination of HgT (non-filtered) in water was carried out according to the US EPA 1631 method. These data make up the Resurgence Project database, of the Petrobras Geochemistry network, and were interpreted for this dissertation. The results of Hg in marine plankton show higher values in the zooplankton fraction (0.138 μg.g-1) than in the phytoplankton fraction (0.064 μg.g-1), and demonstrate a process of biomagnification and trophic transfer. Se values, however, show higher concentrations in phytoplankton and lower concentrations in zooplankton. These results were not enough to demonstrate the antagonism between Se and Hg, but high concentrations of Se are observed in relation to Hg, which may be related to the role of Se as a Hg inhibitor, as reported in other studies for the region of the South Atlantic. The Hg:Al vs P:Al ratio in plankton by mesh sizes compared to crust value (Hg:Al), obtained an above average ratio of sediment and crust, which indicates biogenic/anthropogenic sources, and resurgence itself, in addition to the remineralization of this element in the water column, influenced by the phenomenon itself. The circulation process of this metal responded to the physical and chemical conditions imposed by the ACAS, where the values of HgT and Se were higher under the action of this mass in the study region. The water masses also present high Hg values in the study region, with the highest averages of 6.5pM, and indicate a strong contribution of the oceanic circulation to the high concentrations of Hg found, in addition to the continental discharge, and the time of residence of this metal in older masses. TOC appears to be an important proxy for Hg concentration in marine waters. It may be responsible not only for the remineralization of Hg, but it may also associate with this element and moderate its speciation, mainly in background environments. The biological pump seems to influence, even on a small scale, the transfer of these metals to the sediment, mainly due to sea snow, which redistributes and recirculates these elements in the water column.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de mudanças na costa de manguezais da Amazônia a partir da classificação de imagens multisensores orientada a objetos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-03) NASCIMENTO JÚNIOR, Wilson da Rocha; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Mangroves presents great importance to the ecological balance, and a nursery conducive to the development of various animals and plants. In recent years, degradation of mangroves has been occurring more frequently due to the plundering of their natural resources, land planning and poorly planned tourist activities. By remote sensors can map large areas of the area more quickly and efficiently. The objective is to map the distribution of mangrove areas to the east of the Amazon River into the Bay of San Marcos in 1996 and 2008 from remote sensing data. The mapping, change detection and quantification was performed by ALOS / PALSAR, JERS-1, SRTM and Landsat 5 TM. In order to classify the images, we used the software Definiens Ecognition 8, which uses the logic of object-oriented classification. In the classification of the mangrove was an elaborate process tree that stores all the elements or rules (segmentation, algorithms, classes and attributes) needed to obtain the final classification. The result of the quantification of the mangrove was 6705,05 km ² (1996) and 7423,60 km ² (2008) which shows a net increase in mangrove area of 718,55 km ². The change detection map allowed an overall increase of 1931,04 km ², a total erosion of 1212,49 km ², remaining an area of 5492,56 km ² of mangrove unchanged. To statistically validate the results, we elaborated two confusion matrices containing the rights and wrongs of the classification. The error matrix for validation of the classification of classes mangrove swamp, upland, water mass, secondary vegetation, fields and lakes showed an overall accuracy rate = 96.279%, Kappa = 90.572% and 92.558% = index Tau, which showed the classification efficiency of mangroves in relation to other classes used in processing. The error matrix for validation of classification and Non-Change Change of mangrove area showed high accuracy Global = 83.33%, Kappa = 66.10% and 66.66% = index Tau. Therefore, we conclude that the method of object-oriented classification logic is excellent for mapping mangroves and very good for the detection of changes in tropical coastal areas. Regarding the expansion of mangrove areas, it is observed only in the Amazon region, as opposed to what is observed in other large systems of mangroves, such as the Gulf of Papua New Guinea and the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India. The results were used to compose a mosaic of regional and global mapping of mangrove and ratify the large expanse of mangrove forests in Amazonian Brazil as one of the best preserved of the planet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
dinâmica da vegetação durante o quaternário tardio no limite continental da península bragantina, litoral amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-25) MACIEL, Giordana Leticia Monteiro; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113886150130994; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-6158; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-7702
The eastern Amazonian region is dominated and shaped by a macrotidal regime, harboring environments such as muddy plains colonized by mangroves, estuaries associated with tidal channels, floodplains, and macrotidal beaches, among others. To understand the vegetation dynamics and carry out the paleoenvironmental reconstitution in an Amazonian floodplain, palynological, sedimentary, and C-14 dating data were integrated based on a subsurface sedimentary profile collected in the region of the Taperaçu’s herbaceous fields, in the Bragança peninsula (PA), on the Amazon coast. The present study identified three fácies associations and four pollen zones that occurred during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The first facies association is defined as an alluvial deposit, which presented pelite facies, flaser heterolithic bedding with a coarsening upward sequence. The vegetation was predominantly typical of trees and shrubs, marked by the presence of Rubiaceae, Agavaceae, and Annonaceae families and with low herbaceous vegetation dominated by the Araceae family developed around 41,200- 39,975 cal years BP. The second facies association identified showed typical characteristics of a tidal channel, with a well-delimited erosive surface, which marks a transition in the processes operating over this environment; it comprises gravel, massive sand, and wavy-marked mud facies. Toward the Taperaçu’s tidal channel, herbaceous vegetation was developed, represented by Cyperaceae and Ulmaceae, and the presence of trees and shrubs, such as Arecaceae, Malphighiaceae, and Rubiaceae. During the early and mid-Holocene (6000-5915 cal years BP), at a depth of 6.45 m from the surface, the results revealed the formation of a tidal flat. The main pollen result during this phase was the establishment of mangroves, colonized by Rhizophora and Avicennia, in addition to the presence of herbaceous vegetation, which currently occupies the studied region, marking the late Holocene.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica da vegetação nas planícies de maré do delta do rio Doce durante o holoceno tardio.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-31) CARVALHO, Victor Rocha; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790
The goal of this work was to study the vegetation dynamics on the tidal plain of the Doce River Delta – southeastern Brazil – under the climate change influence and relative sea-level change during the late Holocene (2350 cal yr BP). Thus, 14C dating, sedimentary features, and pollen date, obtained from two cores denominated URU1 (0.5 m depth) and URU2 (4 m depth), sampled with a peat sampler were used. The cores presented four typical sedimentary facies of tidal plain: i) Flaser heterolithic bedding (Hf); ii) Wavyheterolithic bedding; iii) Lenticular heterolithic bedding (Hl) and iv) Parallel mud (Mp). The pollen analysis of URU1 showed herbs predominance, trees and shrubs in all intervals, besides rising of aquatic vegetation towards surface. The URU2 core showed a mangrove and foraminifera influence close to the bottom and middle depth, possibly due to a higher marine/estuarine influence until 2250 cal yr BP. However, close to the surface of this core, occurred a mangrove and foraminifera decrease, followed by freshwater aquatic vegetation increasing, indicating a decrease in the marine influence. This can be a result of a relatively humid climate since at least 2250 cal y BP, which resulted in higher rainfall and flow of rivers. Furthermore, the palynological data shows anthropic or natural alterations that occurred after 2250 cal yr BP demonstrated decreased coverage of palm trees in the tidal plain, further of a higher presence of Cecropia and Typha angustifolia pollen. Therefore, an increase of freshwater flow and wet climate conditions since at least 2000 cal yr BP, has been decisive for increasing sediment transport by the rivers to the delta plain, resulting in a coastline increase, leading coastal progradation, which resulted in replace process between mangroves and herbaceous vegetation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica das florestas alagadas durante o holoceno no litoral de Calçoene, Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-02-25) GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The integration of palynological and spectrophometric data with radiocarbon dating of sediment cores has allowed to propose developing model and vegetation dynamic according to climatic and relative sea-level changes during the Late Holocene in the Calçoene Coastal Plain- Amapá. Thus, this work suggests three periods characterized by marine influence between 2000- 800, 500-300, e 80 years BP - modern, as well as, two fluvial periods between 800-500 years BP and 300-80 years BP. The analysis of current patterns of geobotanical units distribution and palaeovegetation indicate a mangrove (311 Km 2 ) and várzea forest (684 Km 2 ) migration on inundated field (1.021 Km 2 ) positioned in elevated topographically areas of this coastal plain, which may be related to a local relative sea-level rise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica dos manguezais do litoral de Natal-RN de acordo com as mudanças no clima e nível do mar desde o Holoceno médio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-05) RIBEIRO, Samuel Rodrigues; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The factors behind the Holocene mangrove dynamics have long been a theme of great interest for research. Among all hypotheses, the establishment, expansion, and contraction of mangrove areas have been mainly attributed to sea level and climate changes. However, other driving forces of limited occurrence in time may be significantly affecting this system. Along the valley of the Ceará Mirim river, near the Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte littoral, northeastern Brazilian the integrate geomorphological, sedimentological, and palynological data with radiocarbon dating, as well as δ13C, δ15N and C/N from sedimentary organic matter from four sediment cores reveal an estuarine influence with mangrove development since 6950 cal yr BP after the post-glacial sea level rise, and it has been stable during the middle and late Holocene. The mangrove expansion along this fluvial valley since the middle Holocene was caused by the sea-level stabilization. The multi-proxies indicate a wetland dynamic was mainly controlled by autogenic factors, relating to tidal channel migrations on the muddy tidal flats formed after the channel abandonment provide suitable conditions for expansion of vegetation surrounding, instead of allogenic process, associated to sea level and/or climate change. Probably, some influence of sea-level and climate changes on mangrove dynamics along in this valley of the Ceará Mirim river have been weakened by the intense tidal channels activities since middle Holoceno.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica dos manguezais durante o Holoceno tardio na foz do rio Ceará-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-15) NUNES, Sérgio Patrick Dias Queiroz; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790; 8225311897488790
This paper aims to debate the impacts of climate change on subtropical mangroves during late Holocene, on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and to discuss the environmental conditions for the establishment, expansion, and contraction of mangroves. Based on the samples collected from the cores (NAT 3 AND NAT 5) to study palynological groups, data from the optical space (Landsat), sedimentary facies and multi-proxy analysis (δ13C, δ15N, TOC, TN, C:N ratio), synchronized with three 14C dating ages. The main result of this research was the succession of mangroves, divided into three palynological phrases that suggest the development of three facies associations: (1) tidal channel and (2) vegetated plain - herbs/mangrove (3) herbaceous plain. The first phase between at least ~ 4500 and ~ 2915 cal yr BP was colonized by herbs, palms, and trees and shrubs on the bank of the estuary and by mangroves, of the Laguncularia type, followed by Avicennia and Rhizophora. With dissolved organic carbon, C3 terrestrial plants influence organic matter with δ13C values between -29.7 ‰ and -26.8‰, δ15N with x̅ = 3.8‰ and C:N values around 21.2. The second phase between ~2915 and ~660 cal yr BP characterized by the establishment of the mixed tidal plain dominated by herbaceous vegetation and by the expansion of mangroves represented by Rhizophora pollen between ~2915 cal yr BP and 2814 ± 29 cal yr BP with the increase of plants C3 and dissolved organic matter (COD) in fresh/estuarine water (δ13C x̅ = -26.9 and -29.4‰; δ15N x̅ = 3.86 and C:N around 12.3). The third phase is marked by a mangrove retraction evidenced by the decrease in Laguncularia, followed by Avicennia and Rhizophora, the dissolved organic matter had a greater influence of freshwater/estuary, and terrestrial plants (C3 plants) during the last 699 ± 35 cal yr BP. Near the surface (<15 cm) Rhizophora pollen occurs, indicating the establishment of this genus in recent decades, under modern environmental conditions (δ13C x̅ = -29 and -28.8‰; δ15N x̅ = 2.55 and C:N around 24.5 ). The data obtained in the isotopic and elementary analyzes indicate sedimentary organic matter of terrestrial origin, with the presence of C3 photosynthetic cycle plants, suffering a possible aquatic and estuarine influence, however, in the sedimentary sequences formed by lenticular heterolytic deposits to be correlated with the absence and decrease of mangrove vegetation in both cores. The data from the space-time analysis indicated an expansion of the area of mangroves, so this variation in the dynamics of mangroves can be directly linked to climate changes and the relative sea level at current levels and during the last three decades.

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