Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Agricultura praticada no espaço urbano: o caso do bairro Almir Gabriel em Marituba - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-12) ROSA, Ciria Cristiane da; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738Marituba is a municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará. From 2006 to 2017 years, an agricultural census was carried out, during this period 11 years there has been a decline of 65% of family production units. That reduction is associated with numerous factors such as: the aging of farmers, lack of interest from younger people, lack of public policies and of technical assistance and rural extension. In addition to these aspects, there was an increase population in the municipality. The agriculture that is developed in the municipality supplies the markets of the capital of Pará and is characterized as small lots – sites or agroforestry backyards – in which farmers develop a variety of crops within urban areas. Almir Gabriel is a neighborhood that used to be a farm and went through an occupation process, during the demarcation of the place agricultural production plots and areas intended for housing were divided. So, the study has the following question: with the expansion of urbanization in the neighborhood, lots and agricultural land are failing to develop agriculture due to other forms of land use and conversion of urban space? For To answer this question, we sought to achieve the general objective: to understand how the production of urban space affects agricultural activities in the city. the specifics objectives are: To get information about territorial aspects, urban areas and the characteristics of urban agriculture in Marituba. To Check the actions developed by institutions dealing with agriculture in the municipality. To identify the perceptions of farmers in the Almir Gabriel neighborhood about the urbanization taking place in the locality. As for the methodological procedures, this is a research with a qualitative approach, with use of methods quantitative data described in tables and graphs, consultations with bibliographies and documents, in addition to semi-structured interviews with farmers and managers public. the areas were sold and incorporated into a process of real estate speculation and there is an advance in the urbanization of space demarcated to agriculture, causing environmental damage.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Economia do esgotamento: há sustentabilidade na intensificação biotecnológica da soja “pronta para” se desenvolver no Pará?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-05) SOUZA, Clara Vitória de Araújo; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738The idea of a biotechnology capable of reducing the use of pesticides in the tropical cultivation of soybeans (Glycine max) hit the market with a "sustainable" status and delighted producers, promising higher yields and, for this reason, profitability. In Pará, however, the promises of delivering more with the same investment have not held up over time. From resistance to Glyphosate to the expression of a mutant insecticide gene (Cry1A.105), the level of current technology delivers a seed capable of degrading herbicides and eliminating entire populations of insects, in theory with fewer inputs and equal grain quality; would this increase in efficiency also have helped to preserve land, as Borlaug's (HB) hypothesis infers? On the other hand, this biotechnological intensification could paradoxically increase the demand for the resource, due to market pressures, resulting in an increase in the area planted and more expenditure on land use. Positive correlations were found between moments of intensification and growth in planted area, confirming previous observations in the biome. Given the complexity of commodities and the context in which they are inserted, explaining the increase in pressure on the soil required a shift in scope; from the idea of the Paradox and market demand to an investigation of biotechnology itself; the result generated a model capable of calculating the increase in direct demand on mineral stocks in the soil, as a result of the biotechnology onboard the seed. The exploitation of the “mineral energy” of the lands to the south of Pará is explained through a hypothetical-deductive variable, in kilojoules, based on the mechanics of the laws of Conservation and Mass Action. The models resulting of these research process provide the possibility of estimating the demand for extra energy due to the expression of exogenous protein (DEEPE), and possible mineral correspondence in the Deterioration of Assets by Demineralization (DAD), at different scenarios, as a tool to help producers in choosing the type of crop and biotechnology onboards the seed. So furthering conscious choices through crucial questions; what comes out of the pocket, comes out of where and at what price? Is there sustainability, even economically, in the biotechnological trajectory of Soy in Pará? For how long is that before the foreseen exhaustion?Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudos em ontologias do desenvolvimento(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-17) CASTRO, Pedro Neves de; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639This work seeks to understand the transformation in the interpretation of the Brazilian nation and the State between the 1920s and the 1950s. The transition from an anti-regionalist conception to a perspective centered on national developmentalism marks a crucial turning point in this period. The central aim is to comprehend the processes and circumstances that gave rise to this shift by analyzing the ontologies of development in the formation of the Brazilian republican State. Composed of two chapters, the study explores the ontologies of the ideas of Brazil, the State, and development, seeking to foster dialogue rather than provide definitive answers, thereby encouraging multidisciplinary reflection on political and economic thought. In the first chapter, titled "Ontologies of the State and the Idea of Development," the philosophical roots of ontology are examined alongside the phenomenological context and variables that influenced the construction of thought models responsible for reflections on the "being" of the State and its crucial role in shaping the ideas of development. The second chapter, "Ontologies of Brazilian Political and Social Thought," presents an overview of different perspectives on Brazil as a managing State and productive space. By discussing developmentalism in the Brazilian context, the study explores the emergence of the concept and the influence of economic and social debates preceding the 1950s, a period when the economic school of thought and developmentalism were consolidated. This work introduces ontological analysis into the understanding of development, emphasizing the hermeneutic and interpretative approach adopted to examine the sources that contributed to the social construction of the concept of development and its state-driven practice.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “A Floresta em pé como nova Commodity global!”: o discurso da bioeconomia enquanto alternativa ao desenvolvimento da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) CARNEIRO JUNIOR, José Airton; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856The research proposal aims to analyze the discourse of Bioeconomy in the State of Pará, repre- sented by specific policies that have introduced a new pathway for regional development in and of the Amazon. Since 2016, environmental policies in Brazil have suffered setbacks, jeopard- izing the integrity of the Amazon rainforest. This has resulted not only in the loss of Brazil’s credibility in fulfilling its environmental commitments to the international community but also in the suspension of resources from the Amazon Fund. Consequently, subnational entities have taken the lead through paradiplomatic actions to signal their commitment to preserving the Am- azon to the international community. Pará, leveraging this context, has positioned itself as a reference in sustainability, promoting its leadership in implementing environmental and climate policies in the Amazon through Bioeconomy as a solution to ensure sustainable economic de- velopment. This dissertation argues that the Bioeconomy discourse promoted by the State of Pará projects a development model based on Bioeconomy as the new economic vocation of the Amazon, focusing on transforming the forest itself into a commodity. From this perspective, the research seeks to address the following question: To what extent does the Bioeconomy dis- course practiced by the State of Pará constitute a proposed pathway for the regional develop- ment of the Legal Amazon? This theoretical and exploratory study employs discourse analysis as its methodology and content analysis as its research technique, supported by NVIVO soft- ware. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combined with bibliographic and documen- tary research procedures. The documents analyzed include the State Bioeconomy Plan, the Am- azon Now State Plan, the State Climate Change Policy, and news articles from the Pará State News Agency, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The theoretical framework is grounded in the concept of neoliberal rationality proposed by Dardot and Laval. Based on empirical data and literature, in response to the guiding question, the findings conclude that the Bioeconomy discourse practiced by the State of Pará, as materialized in its environmental policies, cannot be considered a new development model for the Amazon. Instead, it reproduces the same logic as previous models, conditioning the success of the model to the existence of a product (the standing forest) desired by a market governed by neoliberal values and a carbon-centric logic. This approach disregards the natural and social capital of the Legal Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Karaí chegou: estudo de caso dos efeitos socioambientais resultantes da ineficácia das ações/programas de mitigação da UHE Belo Monte na Terra Indígena Cachoeira Seca(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-22) TRINDADE, Bruna dos Santos; BRITO, Juarez Carlos Pezzuti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336The construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) was presented as a solution to the energy crises of 2001, aiming to boost national economic growth. This study examines the socio-environmental damages caused by the HPP in the Kujubim Village, located in the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land, in the Iriri River, within the Xingu Basin. Although the HPP was inaugurated in 2016, its adverse socio-environmental impacts on the Médio Xingu region have been largely overlooked in favor of economic gains since the inception of its studies to the present day.Among the main damages is the significant reduction in the Xingu River’s flow due to the damming and diversion at Volta Grande, which has generated territorial pressures harmful to indigenous communities. The so-called "Consensus Hydrogram," whose term "consensus" exists only in its name, was introduced as a compensatory measure to artificially replicate the seasonal pulse of floods and droughts in the river. However, as with other mitigation plans, this measure was not discussed with indigenous populations, highlighting failures in the process of prior consultation and respect for self-determination (Pezzuti et al., 2018). Moreover, the implementation of mitigation plans, such as the Basic Environmental Plan for the Indigenous Component (PBA-CI), was carried out without the proper participation of indigenous peoples, exacerbating issues such as increasing territorial pressure on Indigenous Lands, including Cachoeira Seca, Trincheira Bacajá, and Apyterewa. This study focuses on the ineffectiveness of the Indigenous Territorial Management Program (PGTI), a component of the PBA-CI, and how its poor implementation has contributed to worsening socio-environmental damages in Kujubim Village, inhabited by the Xipaia and Kuruaya peoples (Xipai and Kiriwai). The research seeks to answer the following question: how does the implementation of the PBA-CI and the strategy of demobilizing indigenous peoples through ineffective compensatory measures impact the territorial and socio environmental rights of the Kujubim Village? To address this question, the study adopts a case study methodology based on Robert Yin’s guidelines, using a qualitative approach. The research includes a bibliographic review, analysis of legal and technical documents, dialogues with indigenous peoples from the Médio Xingu, and participant observation. The objective is to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions between economic development, environmental preservation, and indigenous rights, highlighting the challenges associated with the ineffectiveness of mitigation programs.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Projeto Município Verde de Paragominas - PA e a questão Social no discurso de sustentabilidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-12) TOURINHO, Luana Peixoto; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738The Município Verde project is a development plan implemented in Paragominas–PA to stop deforestation in its territory and encourage sustainable practices in the formulation of the municipal economic matrix and in the activities of local society. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the Project Município Verde and the social indicators of Paragominas–PA between 2010– 2023 with the purpose of understanding municipal sustainability. The Objetive of the study is to present an overview of sustainable development and sustainability, as well as understanding the Município Verde Project and its relationship with sustainability, in the same way as examining the social indicators of Paragominas between 2010– 2023 and their relationship with the Município Verde Project and, finally, analyze the results of the absence of a social aspect in the Município Verde Project of Paragominas–PA. To this end, bibliographical research was used as a data collection method, through the study raised in the theoretical framework on sustainability and the Município Verde project, as well as the survey of social indicators in Paragominas, between the years 2010–2023 present in the public databases that enabled qualitative analysis of the findings. It was evident that, for the sustainability of the Município Verde Project based on the social indicators of Paragominas between 2010–2023, it is necessary to review the implemented development model so that, more than an economic development plan, this is a sustainable local development model. Furthermore, the gap in the social approach in the project had an impact on the municipality's social indicators and indicates that the local government has the challenge of implementing sustainable development measures in the Município Verde Project related to social issues. Finally, through the entire study carried out and the pedagogical suggestions presented, it was possible to confirm that the sustainability discourse in Paragominas based on the Município Verde project still needs to face social issues in the municipality in order to provide sustainability to this model of local development.