Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogeografia de Bucco tamatia (Aves: Bucconidae): uma linhagem associada a florestas alagadas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02) ALMEIDA, Bruno; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-7816-9725; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
We present a multilocus phylogeographic analysis of the polytypic species Bucco tamatia, based on sequences from two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and four nuclear genes (BF7, MUSK, G3PDH and CHD), obtained from 46 individuals widely distributed throughout the Amazon Basin. Our aim was to reconstruct the temporal and spatial contexts of diversification of this Amazonian endemic lineage, associated with flooded environments. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods, and divergence times were estimated through coalescent-based molecular dating. Our data revealed a marked incongruence between the current taxonomic treatment and the evolutionary history of B. tamatia, supporting the recognition of at least three biological species and five evolutionary/phylogenetic species within the complex. The results also revealed a previously unknown connection between Amazonian areas of endemism situated in the extreme east and west of the basin. These findings highlight a complex evolutionary history and distinct patterns of genetic differentiation between flooded and upland forest populations, following an initial divergence associated with these environments. In contrast to several bird lineages associated with flooded habitats in Amazonia, B. tamatia exhibits a higher degree of phylogeographic structure. Moreover, rivers appear to be the main drivers of diversification in this lineage, a pattern more typical of upland forest species. Our data provide further evidence for the recognition of distinct areas of endemism in Amazonian flooded forests, supporting a scenario of historical disconnections between drainages that are now unified by the Amazon River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência das características funcionais nas propriedades estruturais das redes de interações entre abelhas e plantas e na especialização das espécies
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05) BRITO, Renata dos Reis; RIBEIRO, Felipe Martello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; GIANNINI, Tereza Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5065441638246972; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1204
Interaction networks are regulated by several factors, including functional traits, which one can predict network structural properties and also define the interaction partners pairs. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of functional traits on the structural properties of plant-bee networks and species specialization in forest areas of the eastern Amazon. Interaction data were collected at 14 sampling sites in the Carajás National Forest (Pará; Amazon biome). We used the metrics Interaction Diversity (ID) and Interaction Evenness (IE) to describe the network topological structure. The specialization metric d' was used to determine whether species were generalists or specialists. The functional diversity was represented by the following metrics: Functional Dispersion (FDis) and Functional Evenness (FEve). Z-score analyses were performed to assess whether there were differences in the ID and IE metrics considering the 14 networks analyzed. To assess whether and which bee and plant functional traits are associated with specialization, we used linear models for numerical traits and ANOVA for categorical traits. For the assessment of the relationship between ID and IE with functional diversity, we made a selection of linear models corrected for network size, with network metrics as response variables and functional metrics as predictors. We recorded a total of 60 bee species visiting 74 plant species. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the ID and IE metrics between the sampling sites. This indicates that the diversity and evenness of interactions did not vary between sampling sites. The species Borreria ocymifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral has on average low values of specialization d'. It is also the most common plant, occurring in 11 of the 14 sampled sites. Another six more common plant species that were identified also have on average low values of specialization d', which may be an indication of opportunistic partner selection in comparison to other species in the networks. The species Trigona guianae Cockerell, 1910 has an average value of specialization d'. It is also the most common bee, occurring at all sampled sites. Functional traits were not related to the specialization d' of either plants or bees. Functional dispersal of plants was positively related to interaction diversity in this study, suggesting that plant communities are functionally more unique. Network size was also positively related to interaction diversity. In conclusion, it is important to consider the diversity and species functions of bee-plant interaction networks to understand the ecology of these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática molecular e diversificação dos gêneros Nonnula e Monasa (Aves: Bucconidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10) SOARES, Leonardo Moura dos Santos; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
Neotropical forests comprise one of the wealthiest biogeographical regions regarding biodiversity. The origin of Neotropical diversity and its spatial distribution has been approached from a biogeographic perspective, assuming that this high diversity was the result of historical factors associated with the landscape change in this region. There were proposed several biogeographic hypotheses based mainly on vicarious events in an attempt to explain the geographical patterns in which biological diversity is organized in the Neotropical region. Among them, we highlight: the soaring of the Andes, Pleistocene's forest refuges, rivers such as barriers and Miocene's marine incursions. Within this context, it was used two genera of the Bucconidae Family: Monasa and Nonnula to try to interpret these Neotropical patterns of diversification. This thesis aimed to reconstruct the phylogeographic relationships between the taxon that compose the Nonnula and Monasa genus, from nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers; to date the cladogenetic events to infer which historical processes were responsible for the diversification and to try to estimate the effect of each one of these processes between the different taxon that experienced them. There were sequenced 100 samples distributed in 6 species of the Nonnulo genus and 166 samples for the 4 recognized species for the Monasa genus. Our data indicate incongruence between the current taxonomic treatment and the evolutionary history of Nonnula. Our analysis recovered 19 reciprocal monophyletic lines within Nonnula, revealing the existence of at least six biological species in the N. rubecula complex. Also, our analysis recovered 10 reciprocal monophyletic lines in N. ruficapilla that presented paraphyletic with N. amaurocephala. The distributions of these lines generally coincide with known endemism neotropical areas (EA). In the Monasa genus, there were delimited 12 lines well supported statistically, and that the traditional taxonomy does not represent the diversity of lineages of this group. All species showed phylogeographic structuring, exceptionally Monasa atra. There were determined two strains in M. flavirostris, two strains in M. nigrifrons and seven strains in M. morphoeus. The main Amazonian rivers delimit these lineages. M. flavirostris was the first lineage to be diversified, followed by M. morphoeus which is the brother taxon of M. atra and M. nigrifrons. The phylogenetic diversity of these two genera is underestimated by the current taxonomy, providing an example of how widespread enigmatic endemism can be a good example for studying phylogeographic patterns in the Neotropical region, especially in Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação geográfica em Kentropyx calcarata spix, 1825 (Reptilia: Teiidae) e revalidação de Kentropyx vittata (Schinz, 1822)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) RODRIGUES, Ana Paula Vitória Costa; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
Kentropyx calcarata was described by Spix, 1825 and has distribution in the central and eastern Amazon, covering Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil and Bolivia; and in Brazil in mangrove areas on the northeast coast, Serra de Baturité (an altitude brejo in the Caatinga area) and part of the Atlantic Forest. Previous studies with K. calcarata showed possible variations within the species, which need to be better investigated. In this study, samples covering the entire area of occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon were analyzed, including points of sympathy with K. altamazonica, considering that one of the observations regarding the morphological variation raised the hypothesis of being the result of sympatry between the two species, with objective to evaluate the possible variations within the species. Samples were also analyzed from the Atlantic Forest, where the populations of the central region (south of the São Francisco River) show differences in the staining pattern. All specimens from both the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest were analyzed for external morphology, hemipenian and staining pattern. The specimens to the south of the São Francisco River were considered as a distinct species, due to the fact that they did not correspond to the species K. calcarata, for which the name K. vittata Schinz, 1822 is available, indicating the need for revalidation of the species . In Kentropyx calcarata the populations of the Amazon and to the North of the Atlantic Forest have similar hemipenis and coloring pattern. The presence of variation in the meristic characters was observed, being the geographic distance one of the factors that can contribute with part of this variation. The populations of K. calcarata and K. altamazonica show variations in both meristic and morphometric characters, possibly caused by a number of environmental factors, such as competition for ecological niches, confirming the hypothesis raised in previous studies.

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