Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação de tartarugas marinhas na costa maranhense, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03) RIBEIRO, Luis Eduardo de Sousa; BARRETO, Larissa Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1295307492454506; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3396-4821; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
Sea turtles have a long history of human exploitation around the world, which has contributed to the species population decline, along with other threats, mainly by accidental capture during fishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. Currently, interaction with fishing is the largest cause of mortality among sea turtles, followed by ingestion of inorganic material (garbage). The waste accumulation in the oceans, mainly plastic, has attracted considerable attention in recent decades since pollution is a major threat to marine life. In this study, we mapped the occurrence and nesting areas of each sea turtles in the coastal zone of Maranhão; analyzed the frequency of strandings all over the years; and evaluated the impacts on sea turtle populations in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, as well as diet composition and ingestion of solid waste. This research includes records of strandings of live or dead animals between 2005 and 2020, coming from the database of the Projeto QUEAMAR – Quelônios Aquáticos do Maranhão - UFMA - Federal University of Maranhão, and bi-monthly campaigns to Lençóis Maranhenses National Park. We observed five species of sea turtles along the entire Coast of Maranhão and reproductive records for two of them. From the impacts observed, anthropic interaction was the most observed factor (n=35), with drowning and amputation being the principal consequences of intermeshing (n=12). Intestinal obstruction caused by ingestion of inorganic material was also frequently observed (n=13). During this research, two Marine Seismic Surveys 3D were conducted to prospect for oil and gas, which coincided with a significant increase in the frequency of strandings in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, possibly caused by noise pollution through noise swells generated by air cannons. Although the Maranhão coast is covered by legally protected areas, such as the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park and the Cururupu Extractive Reserve, long-term studies with species of international migratory cycle, such as sea turtles, which occupy an important position in the conservation scenario, allows detecting trends and temporal changes, as well as evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic activities in coastal areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência das características funcionais nas propriedades estruturais das redes de interações entre abelhas e plantas e na especialização das espécies
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05) BRITO, Renata dos Reis; RIBEIRO, Felipe Martello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; GIANNINI, Tereza Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5065441638246972; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1204
Interaction networks are regulated by several factors, including functional traits, which one can predict network structural properties and also define the interaction partners pairs. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of functional traits on the structural properties of plant-bee networks and species specialization in forest areas of the eastern Amazon. Interaction data were collected at 14 sampling sites in the Carajás National Forest (Pará; Amazon biome). We used the metrics Interaction Diversity (ID) and Interaction Evenness (IE) to describe the network topological structure. The specialization metric d' was used to determine whether species were generalists or specialists. The functional diversity was represented by the following metrics: Functional Dispersion (FDis) and Functional Evenness (FEve). Z-score analyses were performed to assess whether there were differences in the ID and IE metrics considering the 14 networks analyzed. To assess whether and which bee and plant functional traits are associated with specialization, we used linear models for numerical traits and ANOVA for categorical traits. For the assessment of the relationship between ID and IE with functional diversity, we made a selection of linear models corrected for network size, with network metrics as response variables and functional metrics as predictors. We recorded a total of 60 bee species visiting 74 plant species. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the ID and IE metrics between the sampling sites. This indicates that the diversity and evenness of interactions did not vary between sampling sites. The species Borreria ocymifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral has on average low values of specialization d'. It is also the most common plant, occurring in 11 of the 14 sampled sites. Another six more common plant species that were identified also have on average low values of specialization d', which may be an indication of opportunistic partner selection in comparison to other species in the networks. The species Trigona guianae Cockerell, 1910 has an average value of specialization d'. It is also the most common bee, occurring at all sampled sites. Functional traits were not related to the specialization d' of either plants or bees. Functional dispersal of plants was positively related to interaction diversity in this study, suggesting that plant communities are functionally more unique. Network size was also positively related to interaction diversity. In conclusion, it is important to consider the diversity and species functions of bee-plant interaction networks to understand the ecology of these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trilha de pesquisador e trilha de morador: análise comparativa para o monitoramento da fauna em duas unidades de conservação na Terra do Meio, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Paola Maria Feio; ENDO, Whaldener; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8408566223923754; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4398; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The Amazon has a high diversity of medium and large vertebrates, which are essential for forest dynamics. They stand out for being the most hunted by local human populations and, as a result, it is likely that changes in the composition, wealth and abundance of this group of animals will occur throughout the territory. This human-animal interaction creates disturbances for both parties, reducing the chances of direct or indirect encounters, causing losses to the subsistence hunting of local communities. Due to this situation, the ability of wildlife to persist in areas of varying human densities is discussed, especially in protected areas, and it is necessary to establish monitoring programs to understand and deal with the threats mentioned above. This work sought to evaluate the feasibility of using trails of residents (TM) for monitoring vertebrates, comparing the results obtained in trails of researcher of the protocol TEAM (TPt) and trails of researcher of the Minimum Protocol (TPm). An Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis, rarefaction curves and richness demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the composition of species obtained in TM, TPt and TPm. Despite the significant difference between the areas, the richness and abundance data in TPt were more stable among all registered species, in addition to showing a similarity with the richness and abundance data obtained in TM. Therefore, it is possible that future monitoring actions may take place in the trails of residents present in extractive reserves.

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