Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Adesão ao tratamento em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1: dois estudos de caso(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-01) SILVA, Ingrid Ferreira Soares da; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a chronic degenerative disease of major impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents. The DM1 affects predominantly children and young adults under 30 years of age with peak incidence from 10 to 14 years of age. As a chronic disease it involves changes in daily habits, and rule following becomes a key behavior to achieve such changes. This study aimed to examine factors that influenced the behavior of following the rules prescribed for the treatment of adolescents diagnosed with DM1. These rules relate specifically to the measurement of the blood glucose, the usage of the diet plan in choosing the menu and the application of insulin. The study included two adolescents aged 14 and 17 years, diagnosed with DM1, which had difficulties in controlling the disease according to medical evaluation. Also included as participants of this study were those responsible for each adolescent. The following survey instruments were used: 1) Set of interviews with the parents; 2) Inventory of parenting styles; 3) Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents with DM1; 4) Set of interviews with the adolescents; 5) Diabetes social support questionnaire – family version; and 6) Self monitoring forms for Treatment Compliance Behavior. The data collection was performed in the households of the adolescents. The procedure involved the following steps: 1) Selection of participants; 2) Individual interviews with the parents/guardians; 3) Individual interviews with the adolescents, including applications for inventory on their support network, characterization of the baseline behavior of measuring blood glucose, tracking diet plan, and insulin administration, interviews with positive feedback, and final interview. The results from the analysis of compliance behaviors and from the environmental factors reported by each participant throughout the research identified that the participant which emitted compliance behaviors appropriately had a good quality of life, a good level of knowledge about DM1, his parents owned a positive parenting style, perceived support provided by family, besides having a social condition satisfactory to meet the needs of the family. But the participant with a low compliance, although demonstrating a good quality of life, his parents were using a lot of negative practices, despite their parenting style being also positive, the family support perceived by the participant was inconsistent and his social status was insufficient to provide all the tools necessary for his treatment compliance. Thus, it was possible to analyze the factors that influence compliance to treatment, however further research should be conducted using a larger number of participants and also have a longitudinal character, with long-term monitoring to verify the effect of the variables described in the research along the lives of the participants.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aprendizagem observacional em crianças com autismo: efeitos do ensino de respostas de monitoramento via videomodelação(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-22) BRASILIENSE, Izabel Cristina da Silva; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201Has been pointed that video-modeling seems to promote the observational learning in individuals with Autism, included verbal repertories. However individuals with Autism often exhibit difficulty to learn by observing the actions of others. One method to provide observational learning it is previous training of monitoring pair’s actions. Nevertheless, monitoring training studies has been accomplished in-vivo pairs, making them more expensive and committing experimental control. This study investigated the possibility of establishing monitoring response via video-modeling. Furthermore, investigated if observational learning of tacts and textual could emerge by acquisition of monitoring repertory. Two children with autism participated. Observational learning tests via video-modeling were performed. Then the tact monitoring training via videomodeling was implemented in three steps: (1) teaching of monitoring behavior; (2) attempt to the model’s responses and (3) attempt to the model’s response consequence, not knowing the objects’ tacts. Afterwards, tests for tacts and textual were conducted via video-modeling. Two children acquire monitoring repertory in four sessions, indicating that monitoring training via video-modeling can be an effective and economic alternative for monitoring training. The acquisition of monitoring repertory beneficed the acquisition of tact and textual via observational learning for one of the participants. It is discussed the potential effects of video-modeling to train precurrent behaviors necessary for observational learning and the necessity of continuing researchxii in this area for better comprehension of variables that influence the acquisition of observational learning.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de um procedimento de aproximação sucessiva sobre a seleção de uma prática cultural complexa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-23) PAVANELLI, Sergio; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592The investigation of cultural selection has become more consistent theoretically and empirically in the Behavior Analysis especially after Sigrid S. Glenn proposed and developes the concept of metacontingencies. At the level reached by empirical investigations, a challenging issue relates to the complexity that cultural phenomena usually present. Cavalcanti (2012) evaluated the possibility of increasing the probability of complex interlocked behavioral contingencies (IBCs) by means of a successive approximation procedure (analogous to modeling operant response) involving a task of choosing rows of a matrix by group members. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Social Behavior and Cultural Selection of this University (LACS / UFPA) and consisted of a replication with two microcultures, of Cavalcanti's first experiment with addition of the following changes in the procedure: a) introduction of generational change, b) steady order of choice by members of the lineages in the microculture and c) The use of two sets of criteria for the production of cultural consequence (one with each microculture). Study participants were undergraduate students from various courses, excluding psychology, distributed in two microcultures (A and B) consisting of 4 participants positioned in 4 different lines (L1, L2, L3 and L4). In each microculture 4 participants worked simultaneously sending individual responses (choice of lines in a 10x10 matrix) which produced individual consequences (exchangeable chips for money) every time the operant contingencies in place (choice of odd lines) were met. Regardless of operant contingencies was also the release of reinforcing cultural consequence in the form of figures stamped on a card which were exchanged for school items to make up a kit at the end of the experiment. The experimental session consisted of cycles of attempts (moves made by the microcultures) and generations of participants. Each generation corresponded equivalent to 20 cycles of trying. In each generation a new participant was inserted to replace the one with more time in the study. Substitutions made occurred within each specific strain. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the gradual increase in environmental complexity procedure (criteria required for the production of cultural consequences) on the "modeling" of cultural practices in the context of sucessive generations. For the two microcultures data suggest the efficacy of the procedure of gradual increase in environmental complexity in the production of complex IBCs and provide greater generality to the results found by Cavalcanti. However, the study provided no comparison of microcultures exposed of gradually increasing complexity with continued exposure of a microculture to the more complex environment. For this reason, it is clear that the procedure analogous to modeling was effective in producing complex IBCs, but not that it was more effective than the continuous exposure of a microculture, for the same number of cycles, to the more complex environment.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Bem-estar de macacos-prego no cativeiro: engenharia comportamental no enriquecimento ambiental e análise da dinâmica espacial.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-25) LESSA, Miguel Angelo Monteiro; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-3833Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus ssp.) in captivity have few opportunities to perform characteristics skills of these monkeys in the natural environment. The responsibility for the welfare of the capuchin monkeys living in the Experimental School for Primates poses the task of finding healthier living conditions. The objective is to build captive environment conditions functionally similar to the natural environment, using physical, foraging, cognitive and social environmental-enrichment techniques. Aditionally, interested in knowing about the social relations within the spatial interactions it is proposed to describe the relationships in terms of inter-individual spatial proximity and preferred heights in different groups of Sapajus spp. kept in captivity. Fourteen individuals of four groups of three institutions were observed in three different contexts: before, during and after feeding. The positions of each individual were recorded using the scan sampling method. The results showed a pattern of inter-distance between different dyads of animals in study groups. The monkeys were closer after feeding and far before and during feeding. Differences among preferred places were also observed. The dominant monkeys spent more time in places that were most attractive. The subordinate monkeys spent more time on the opposite and less attractive places in relation to the place occupied by the dominant. The overall pattern of interindividual spacing was similar to that observed in nature, male capuchin monkeys showed a characteristic avoidance and no approximation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cuidados com os pés diabéticos: investigação de variáveis que determinam o seguimento de regras de tratamento(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-20) NOVAES, Vera Ribeiro; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189One of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is neuropathy that affects the skin sensitivity, causing decreased or even absent, facilitating the development of diabetic foot. Such complications can be reduced with adherence to treatment rules of foot care for diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of rules, justifications for tracking and social reinforcement, and also compare the effects of a questionnaire (Questionnaire 2 - Q2) specifying the behavior of foot care with effect from another questionnaire ( Questionnaire 1 - Q1) without specifying such behaviors in six diabetic adults through the following instruments: Interview Script Initial Script Initial Questions, Observation Protocol feet, Questionnaire 2 - List of Behaviors Care Feet, Quiz 1 - Protocol Questions about Behavior Care Feet, Rules and Foot Care Rules with Additional Justifications for Foot Care. Seven meetings were held weekly, in which participants were exposed to procedure A (Baseline [Q2] - Q1 - Q2) and procedure B (Baseline [Q1] - Q2 - Q1) in Conditions 1 (social reinforcement), 2 (justification) and 3 (without social reinforcement / without justification). The results showed that half of the participants reported receiving no guidance foot care, four of the six had anatomical deformities in the feet, all had some aspect circulatory and dermatological, and only one participant wearing proper footwear. Terms of reported behaviors of foot care, it was found that participants exposed to Q2 (P11a, P21a and P31a) had a larger number of reports than participants exposed to Q1 (P12b, P22b and P32b). However, there is clear evidence in this study, treatment adherence. One fact that supports this assertion is the fact that the number of reported behaviors of foot care, participants presented P11a, P21a and P31a have decreased when these participants were exposed to Q1.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de metodologia de monitoramento das ações de capacitação na Universidade Federal do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-04) RAMOS, Camila Carvalho; COSTA, Thiago Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1248194912228326; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223The present study was to develop a methodology for monitoring capacitating actions in a federal educational institution. The study was carried out at the Pro-rectory of Development and Management of Personnel with 26 technical-administrative public workers. We used the 360º type performance evaluation, in which the public worker performs self-evaluation and also is evaluated by different organizational actors. The procedure comprised: mapping the competences, establishing performance indicators, validating indicators, and implementation of the evaluation questionnaire. The results showed that the proposed methodology has adequate scale items that make possible an objective evaluation of the worker performance. Therefore, the new methodology was considered as a promising tool for the development of public workers and the process of competence decomposition was effective to create evaluation indicators.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Discriminação auditivo-visual em adultos com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-21) PEREIRA, Fabiane da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075The expectation of the cochlear implant (CI) user is recovering auditory sensitivity and understands spoken language. Considering the auditory rehabilitation as a prerequisite for the development of language skills, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on the behavior of the listener to speaker in this group, check the emergence of relationships and the generalization to indirectly taught voice different frequency. Participated of the study three adults with profound, bilateral, neurosensory hearing, loss post-lingual, CI users, with time deprivation (TD) ranging from 5 months to 23 years. Data were collected with a computer with touch screen and application programming routines for the teaching and testing. The teaching program, with seven stages, had choice according to the model. Phase 1) Pre-train for habituation, the participant with auditory-visual tasks by fading out, 2) Pre-test naming and reading, to select 8 words for training, 3) Training of relations between dictated words and figures; 4) Training of relations between dictated words and written words; 5) Testing equivalence class, which were not directly taught; 6) generalization testing, with the dictated words, with an adult male voice; 7) Post-test of picture naming and word reading. Two of the three participants learned the tasks (Phases 3 and 4), and showed equivalence class (Phase 5) e generalization (Phase 6). All of the participants improved their ability of speaking after the study (Phase 7). The performance of the participant with 23 years of TD, which presented difficulties in oral language, was low, indicating further investigation of the variables due to flaw on the training, or to the IC operation, or inappropriate use of the device, etc. More studies are required to evaluate the potential of the procedure adopted for the auditory rehabilitation of CI users.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Discriminação simples auditiva em Macaco-prego (Cebus apella)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-11) MACHADO, Francisco José Freitas; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201The acquisition of generalized discriminative relational repertoires represents a complex discriminative capability in the interaction on any species with its environment, having, for much time, being considered to be exclusively human. There are few researches on this capability in non-human primates in the auditory modality, and even less about their multimodal discriminatory repertoire, which characterizes much of the complex discriminative human behavior. This study investigated the possibility of a capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) to learn to respond appropriately to different acoustic stimuli by the use of a simple discrimination procedure. The subject was exposed to five pairs acoustic stimuli: each pair was always composed of one sound with a predominance of high frequencies and another of low frequencies; one of them with a function of positive stimulus (S +) and the other of negative stimulus (S-). The criteria adopted for the presentation of a new pair of stimuli was the achievement of a rate of response for the (S-) equal of inferior more than 25% of the rate for the (S +), for five consecutive sessions. The subject reached the criteria for all five pairs of stimuli. The effects of learning set and the physical properties of the stimuli are discussed, as well as procedural differences in regard to previous studies. These results suggest the possibility of using capuchin monkey as an animal model in research on complex discriminative repertoires.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Discriminações auditivo-visuais e a emergência de tatos em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: uma replicação sistemática(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-08) CARVALHO, Rhayssa Fernandes da Silva; SILVA, Flávia Teresa Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9875105389453993; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201Establishing auditory-visual conditional discriminations is a key step in protocols for teaching children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, there is a variety of procedures that have been used for teaching this repertoire. Recently, Fisher et al. (2019) showed that procedure package (which included 'conditional only' discriminative training, use of echoic response as a differential observation response, identity-match prompt with progressive delay, and error correction) favored the learning of auditory-visual discriminations in four children with ASD, and the emergence of tacts of the visual stimuli for two of them. The present study performed a systematic replication of Fisher et al. (2019), removing initially the requirement for echoic responses from the procedure package, in order to evaluate the role of this component in the acquisition of auditory-visual discriminations and tacts in children with ASD. A multiple baseline across stimuli design was used. The results showed that echoic response requirement was necessary for the participants to learn most of the auditory-visual discriminations, and that two participants presented emergence of tacts to some of the visual stimuli. The procedure package efficiency on teaching listener responses, possible treatments interference effects, component analysis, and the role of echoic on the emergence of tacts are discussed.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeito de três procedimentos de intervenção sobre adesão ao tratamento em adultos com diabetes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-19) CASSEB, Mariene da Silva; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9295Due to the high prevalence of diabetes, studies have been conducted in an attempt to produce consistent knowledge to minimize this problem and investigate the variables that affect the purchasing adherence behavior. However, it is not clear which educational strategies are more effective, or if the effectiveness is related to a set of these strategies. Aim of this study, we sought to analyze the effect of three interventional procedures based on behavioral technologies to promote the nutrition and physical activity rule-following for adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. These procedures relate to: (1) providing information about diabetes, (2) information combined with the provision of feedback for behaviors related to diabetes treatment, and (3) provision of information combined with the self-monitoring training of behaviors related to treatment diabetes. Diet and regular physical activity were the aspects investigated in this study. Participants 12 adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, selected in Hiperdia Program of the two health services in Belém-Pará city. Participants were divided into three conditions: Information Condition, Information and Feedback Condition, Information and Self-Monitoring Condition. Data were collected in the home environment of the participants through interview scripts, test of knowledge about diabetes treatment, feedback protocol, manual of guidelines and protocols on diabetes of nutrition and physical activity self-monitoring. The results show that during the study was improvement in the level of knowledge about diabetes care after using the guidebook, but not enough to ensure adherence on the Information Condition, and Information and Feedback Condition. However, participants in the three conditions showed positive changes in ways that were not the focus of study, such as use of medication and foot care. The provision of information combined with self-monitoring training exerted a greater effect on increasing the quality of reporting of behaviors and the construction and expansion of compliance behaviors class of behavior reported as the lowest adherence was the performance of physical activity, compared eating behavior.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O efeito de vídeos de alimentação saudável sobre as escolhas de alimentos em crianças(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-10) SOUZA, Gilvandro Figueiredo; KATO, Olívia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024Videos about of nutrition education, publicity, advertising and entertainment are widely used as a means of communication. Many of them are used to encourage the consumption of foods. However, most of the time, the videos that talk about such consumption, focus on the development of broad dissemination of high in fat, sodium and sugar foods, in excess, are harmful to health. All this disclosure just promoting an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods and, consequently, reducing the practices of good nutrition education. Based on this fact the Study 1 was conducted to evaluate the effect of videos about healthy food choices healthy food for children. What was to present, through educational videos, the various types of foods consumed by man. As participants in this study among children aged between 10 and 11 years old that might among the various types of food make your own choice. Participated in Study I, 24 children between 10 and 11 years of age, of both sexes, regularly enrolled in elementary school. The study I was divided into three stages. In the Stage I the appointment of foods was assessed with appropriate phase correction. In the Stage II, children were exposed to pre - test selection of healthy and unhealthy foods, the videos of healthy foods, the assessment of understanding of test videos, and finally again to test food choices. In the Stage III consisted only in the testing of food after a week of intervention. The results indicate that the videos showed effect on most healthy choices for children. But, this effect was temporary. In Study II, a questionnaire was applied to verify the food preferences of children in the same study 1 and 164 other children of the same grade and age. The results indicate that there is a slight preference for unhealthy foods, but in general, preference is given at a ratio of 1/1. Studies investigating the control variables of feeding behavior are extremely important for preventing obesity, promoting healthy habits and discussion of public policy Nutritionally, Industrial, Commercial and Consumer Behavior.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos da topografia da resposta sobre a resolução de problemas do tipo Insight em ratos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) SANTOS, Dayanna Gomes; BORGES, Rubilene Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4853454834690548; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463The Experimental Analysis of Behavior investigates parametric variables of the behavioral history of an organism that could explain the occurrence of creative behavior (Insight), i.e. a novel sudden behavior as a result from the combination of previous abilities from the organism's repertoire. This study investigated the task of pushing a cube, climbing onto the cube and pulling a chain (on this sequence) on Rattus norvegicus and tested the effects of two different topographies of the response of pushing a cube (pushing the cube with paws and pushing the cube with the head) and the transfer of stimulus control function in training situation (spot) on the response of pushing the cube to the test situation (chain). Six rats were randomly distributed under the following experimental conditions: push the cube with the paws / pull the spot; push the cube with the paws/ sniff the spot; push the cube with the paws / no contact with the spot and push the cube with the head / pull the spot. The test consisted of driving a cube down a chain, climbing the cube and pulling the chain. Data indicated that both topographies of the pushing response enabled the resolution of the problem. However, it was observed that pushing the cube with the paws allowed a greater number of Insight responses and closer responses that lead to the problem resolution because this topography allowed the subject to look at the chain while pushing the cube, obtaining greater precision in the positioning of the cube under the chain. Spot training has shown that more effective than teaching the animal to push at a specific stimulus would be to encourage the animal to explore more of the environment to find the most relevant stimulus.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos das propriedades formais de regras em forma de pedido sobre o comportamento de escolha(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) LOPES, Danielly da Silva; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189The present study investigates the effects of the manipulation of justification about following rules. More specifically, tried to investigate the effects of a request to the occurrence of following the rules which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement immediately (rule nº 1) and the occurrence of following the rule which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement at the end of the research. thirty six undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into six conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. The participant earned points, in continuous reinforcements to not follow the sequences of answers described in rules I and F. However, if after the last attempt (40th attempt) of the second phase of each condition the participant followed the rule, at least in seventy of eighty attempts of the study, he could earned a hundred points at the end of the research. The results suggest that manipulation of justifications to the following of rules, in other words, manipulation of found properties of rules, may determine the behavior of following the rules.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de atraso em consequências culturais de magnitudes diferentes sobre a seleção de culturantes autocontrolados(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-03) LIMA, Yan Valderlon dos Santos; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592Metacontingencies describe relations between culturants (interlocked behavioral contingencies with their aggregate products) and the cultural consequences which select it. If a culturant is under control of greater magnitude and delayed cultural consequences, we say that this is a self-controlled culturant. This study's objective was to evaluate the effects of delay variation on cultural consequences of different magnitudes on the selection of impulsive and self-controlled culturants. Two laboratory microcultures, each with three participants, were exposed to an experimental ABCD...n...DCBA. There was no competition between the operant and cultural levels. Participants should choose lines with numbers and colors in an array. Scheduled individual consequences were 1 and 2 tokens for even and odd choices respectively. Scheduled cultural consequences were stamps with smiley faces representing, each one, school items that were donated to a public kindergarten. The scheduled cultural consequences varied in quantity of produced school items and the delay varied in days after which these items were delivered. There was a higher frequency of self-controlled culturants in both microcultures. This study showed to be possible to investigate cultural self-control in laboratory microcultures and paves the way for new research on the subject.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de choques incontroláveis sobre comportamento agressivo do peixe de briga do Sião (Betta splendens)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-29) CARVALHO, Paula Danielle Palheta; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463The previous exposure to uncontrollable aversive events may produce not only difficulty in learning new responses, widely reported in studies of learned helplessness, but may also affect unlearned behavior such as aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of uncontrollable shocks on the aggressive behavior of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). It was utilized 18 domesticated Betta splendens divided into three groups with 6 animals each, a group that did not receive shocks (Control – CTRL), one that received Controllable Shocks (CHC group) and one that received uncontrollable shocks (CHI group). The apparatus used were an aquarium proper to the observation of aggressive behavior and a shuttlebox for the shock treatment. The procedure was performed in three phases: in the first phase, the aggressive behavior of the animal was registered (baseline) for 5 minutes after 10 minutes of habituation. In the second phase, the animals of the CHC group received 3 controllable shocks of approximately 0.6V with maximum duration of 30s each if the animal did not issue an escape response that consisted in crossing to the opposite side of apparatus, which ceased the shocks; all the animals escaped in three attempts. The animals of the CHI group, in the second phase, received the same amount and duration of shocks that received its equivalent in the CHC group. In the third phase, the test was carried out and the aggressive behavior was registered again, similarly to the baseline. The interval between phases was of 24h approximately. The components of aggressive behavior registered were: display; attack; emerging; resting. These behaviors were measured regarding the latency of the first response, response frequency and duration. Statistical analysis were performed between groups and intragroup; the analysis between groups did not show statistically significant differences, and the intragroup analysis showed significant difference only regarding the latency of the first display response in the test [H(1) = 4.078, p = 0.041] in the CHI group, thought this response decreased in all group. Therefore, this reduction cannot be attributable to the treatment with uncontrollable shocks. Thus, since there were no statistically significant differences between groups nor intragroup for the responses measured, neither before nor after the exposure to uncontrollable shocks, it can be said that, taking into account the experimental conditions of this study, the uncontrollable shocks do not attenuate the aggressive behavior of Betta splendens similarly to what happens with rats and mice when they are exposed to situation of uncontrollability with electric shocks.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de Consequências Intermitentes (FR2 e FR3) Sobre a Seleção de Respostas de Autocontrole Ético em Arranjos de Macrocontingência(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-30) MOURA, Francisco Solano Maia; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592Cultural environmental phenomena have been studied while considering at least two types of relations: metacontingency and macrocontigency relations. Macrocontingency describes the relation between a cultural practice and the cumulative product of macro behavior contingencies that constitute this practice. In macrocontigency, each individual behavior produces an operating consequence besides contributing for the cumulative product. The magnitude of this cumulative product varies with the number of individuals that share cultural practice. Recent studies about macrocontingencies addressed two variables considered relevant for cultural behavioral phenomena: the competition between behavioral and the cumulative effect (CE) of macrobehavior, on one hand, and cumulative effect intermittence on the other. Selection studies at cultural level have evaluated analogous process to operant process, also including intermittent schemes. In the proportion that macrocontingencies studies appear also to be important to the knowledge of relevant phenomena for culture, (even though they may be approached operant selection level, only) it appears to be relevant to add to this investigations the manipulation of the cumulative effect intermittency. Present study aimed to investigate the intermittent cumulative effect in FR 1, FR 2, E FR 3 schemes over macrobehavior, under conditions of competition between individual consequences of lesser magnitude associated to positive cumulative effect for culture, different in nature from individual consequences. Participants were 46 college students, that composed two groups and they made up three culturo-behavioral lineages, termed L1, L2 and L3. They were exposed to several generations, three participants being exposed simultaneously. The task required the participants, always individualizing, to chose one horizontal line in an 10X10 matrix. Each session includes one sequence of successive trials of lines choices by participants, and columns choices by computer, and consequences liberation by researcher. All through the experiment, older participants were replaced with new participants, compounding generations. The firs participant replaced was P1, after P2, and so on. Each one participant was replaced with 20 sessions. The experiment was composed by 7 conditions, in a ABACADA delineament. Each group was exposed to the same conditions sequence. Choices of odd rows produced individual consequences (points exchanged for money) of greater magnitudes not associated to CE production; choices of even produced individual consequences of smaller magnitudes and contributed to the production of the CE that consisted of school items for donation to a public school. The results showed the effectiveness of CE in the installation and maintenance of self-control responses, after a long exposition to the programmed macrocontigency. The intermittency of cultural consequence and change of generations may have contributed to the need of a longer exposition.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de consequências verbais culturais e de suporte sobre a seleção e manutenção de culturantes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-14) BISPO, Gehazi Ramiris dos Santos; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592Recent empirical evidence suggests a facilitating role of verbal variables on cultural selection. However, most of the data are still inconclusive or do not demonstrate the isolated effects of the direct manipulation of verbal variables, functioning as operant and cultural consequences, on the selection of culturants. In this sense, the objective of this study was to compare the differential effects of cultural and operant verbal consequences on the selection and maintenance of culturants, in the presence and absence of nonverbal cultural consequences in two laboratory microcultures using an analog of single subject ABCBCA experimental design. The results showed that the verbal operant consequences are inefficient in cultural selection once compared to the cultural consequences. When cultural, the difference in effect between verbal and non-verbal consequences is low. When cultural verbal and non-verbal consequences are combined, cultural selection is more effective.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de histórias experimentais e de justificativas sociais sobre o comportamento de seguir e não seguir regras em crianças(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-24) SOUSA, Lorena de Medeiros; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132The present study had the objective of investigating the effects of social justifications on the occurrence of rule following and not following behavior in children, when an experimental history of reinforcement for correspondent rule following and for not following rules. Twenty children ranging from seven and nine years of age were exposed to a matching to sample procedure, which task consisted in touching one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual stimulus. The participants were equally distributed into four experimental conditions, each one constituted of four phases. In Conditions I and II, Phases 1, 2 and 4 began with the presentation of instructions that were correspondent to the programmed contingencies of reinforcement. Behavior of rule following produced tokens exchangeable for toys and not following them produced no tokens. Phase 3 began with the presentation of a correspondent instruction that contained a justification on why not to follow the instruction. The two conditions differed on the type of justification given in Phase 3. In Condition I the justification was to help children in need and in Condition II the justification involved approval from the experimenter. In Condition III and IV, Phases 1, 2 and 4 began with the presentation of instructions that were discrepant to the programmed contingencies of reinforcement. Behavior of rule following produced token loss and not following them avoided token loss. Phase 3 began with the presentation of a correspondent instruction that contained a justification on why to follow the instruction that led to token loss. The two conditions differed on the type of justification given in Phase 3. In Condition III the justification was to help children in need and in Condition IV the justification involved approval from the experimenter. The results showed that the behavior of 17 out of 20 participants came under control of the experimental history of reinforcement of following and not following the instructions and of the immediate consequences produced by instruction following and not following behavior (win or avoid token loss). The behavior of two participants (Condition II) came under control of the social justification (experimenter´s approval) presented for the emission of an alternative behavior to the one that produced tokens and another participant´s behavior (Condition III) came under control of the social justification (helping others) to follow the correspondent instruction, which produced token loss. These results support both the statement that rules are followed due to a history that rule-following was reinforced and not following was punished, as well as the statement that rules are followed, in part, due to justifications to its following or not following.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de promessas de reforço de maior e menor magnitude sobre o seguir instruções em crianças(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-27) CASTRO, Juliany Lopes de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132The study aimed to investigate the effects of justifications to follow instructions on the behavior of following instructions that produced loss of reinforcers. Twenty children aged between seven and nine were exposed to a procedure of choice modeled, and assigned to four experimental conditions that differed in the type of justification used and the phase at which it was presented. The task was to touch one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual stimulus. Were used as reinforcers tokens exchangeable for toys. In Conditions 1 and 2 were the justifications promises of reinforcement magnitude larger (buy favorite toys, if the statement was then) and in Conditions 3 and 4, were promises of reinforcement magnitude smaller (less preferred buy toys, if the statement was not followed). In Phases 1, 3 and 5, all conditions were given instructions corresponding to the contingencies of reinforcement and behavior programmed to follow them was consequenciado to earn token. In Phases 2 and 4, all conditions, no changes occurred in the contingencies of reinforcement signaled programmed, and maintenance of behavior to follow instructions was consequenciado with loss token. The results showed that all participants of the four conditions followed the instructions given in the corresponding Phases 1, 3 and 5. They also showed that 17 of the 20 participants failed to follow instructions when this behavior started producing token loss in Phases 2 and 4. The results of these 17 participants indicate that control by immediate consequences prevailed over control by presenting justifications for maintaining the following instructions. Three participants followed instructions that produced loss of token in Phases 2 and 4. These results, however, suggest that exposure to justifications containing reinforcing promises higher and lower magnitude if the next instruction is abandoned or maintained, respectively, may also contribute to keep the follow instructions even if this behavior pass to produce loss reinforcers.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de uma história de seguimento de regra sobre a ressurgência de um comportamento previamente modelado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-01) OLIVEIRA, Regienne Maria Paiva Abreu; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
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