Dissertações em Biodiversidade e Conservação (Mestrado) - PPGBC/Altamira

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9261

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2014 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC) do Campus Universitário de Abaetetuba da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A aplicação do hormônio 24-Epibrassinolídeo promove o desenvolvimento e crescimento de mudas de Genipa Americana L. sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LIMA, Gustavo Gomes; ALVES, Graciliano Galdino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085271321555747; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260
One of the essential factors to start the restoration process of an area is the production of vigorous seedlings of adequate size for their survival, however, several challenges make large-scale production impossible, such as the unavailability of seeds and seedlings. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of different concentrations of the hormone 24-epibrassinolide associated with different levels of shading on the development of genipap seedlings (Genipa americana L.). Genipap seedlings were used in three shading conditions: 50% shade, 35% shade and full sun. The seedlings were subjected to four concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 nM of the hormone 24-epibrassinolide, maintaining a control treatment, in an experimental arrangement in randomized blocks, with four blocks and five treatments. Data were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after application (DAA) of treatments, with measurements of plant length, stem diameter and number of leaves. To analyze growth parameters, R software was used, generating a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), and analysis of variance was performed on the results of biochemical parameters, with comparison of means by Tukey's test and to compare environmental and physiological data, a principal component analysis (PCA). Plants maintained at 35% shade showed positive effects on the parameters of height, diameter, number of leaves and lower concentrations of the hormone provided an increase in growth variables. The highest concentrations of biochemical variables were observed in conditions of lower hormone concentrations, under full sun and 50%. The environmental parameters were directly linked to the physiological responses of genipap seedlings. The accelerated development and growth of genipap seedlings is possible under certain shading conditions, and presents positive effects under the action of the hormone, which favors the development of robust plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento inicial do Pacu-branco Myloplus Rubripinnis (Characiformes: serrasalmidae) da bacia do Rio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-22) OLIVEIRA, Elzamara de Castro; ZACARDI, Diego Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8348319991578546; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2652-9477; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737
The species Myloplus rubripinnis, popularly known as the white pacu, has great ecological potential as a seed disperser and represents an important food and economic resource for several riverine families. However, little is known about the bioecology of adult specimens, and there is no research on the early development of this species. In this context, the present study aimed to morphologically characterize the initial phases of the life cycle of M. rubripinnis, captured in the middle stretch of the Xingu River, and identify the main changes in growth patterns through different regression models. The individuals were collected using a plankton net in various habitats present in the Xingu River, during the four phases of the local hydrological cycle (flood, flood, ebb, and drought) between January 2021 and April 2022. After identification, the specimens were classified according to the developmental stage into the larval period (yolk-sac, preflexion, flexion, and postflexion) and the juvenile period. A total of 55 individuals with a standard length ranging from 7.21 to 35.53 mm were analyzed. During the larval period, the eyes are large and spherical, the head size varies from small to large, and the fusiform body ranges from long to moderate, with a convex dorsal profile. The intestine reaches the middle region of the body, and the mouth is terminal. Initially, the larvae are altricial, with pigmentation scarce in the body, limited to a linear band along the lateral line and intensifying towards the back of the caudal peduncle. In the early stages, small clusters of punctate chromatophores appear in the occipital region, on the side of the snout, in the first rays of the dorsal and anal fins, at the base of the anus, and in the rays of the caudal fin. In more developed stages, irregular vertical bands form throughout the body. The total number of myomers ranged from 41 to 42 segments (21 to 22 preanal and 20 postanal). The complete sequence of fin formation and the number of unbranched and branched rays are as follows: caudal (superior iiii+9-7+iiii inferior), dorsal (iii,20), anal (iii,32), ventral (i,5), and pectoral (i,10). The growth analysis indicated greater changes during the transition from the flexion to the post-flexion stages, marking the end of larval development. It is noteworthy that the pattern of pigmentation, along with meristic data, serves as effective distinguishing characteristics for identifying the species among its congeners. This emphasizes the importance of morphological, meristic, and morphometric aspects for the accurate identification of the species in its naturals environment. Additionally, this information can aid in understanding the locations and spawning periods, as well as contribute to the management, conservation, and sustainability efforts of this Neotropical fish.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enxertia e indução da floração com Paclobutrazol em golosa (Chrysom sapyllunuignolentum (Pierre) Baehnni)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-24) RIBEIRO, Cleber da Silva; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Accelerating the flowering and fruiting of species in degraded areas can make forest restoration more efficient. Grafting combined with plant growth regulators has the potential to enhance this process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of grafting and different graft protection techniques on the grafting success rate of Golosa seedlings (Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum) and the impact of paclobutrazol on grafted and non-grafted seedlings under different shading conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pará in two phases. The first phase, carried out between August and September 2023, involved grafting 160 seedlings distributed across four graft protection treatments: parafilm (T1), parafilm with kraft paper bag (T2), plastic bag (T3), and plastic bag with kraft paper bag (T4). A completely randomized block design was used, and the seedlings were kept in a greenhouse. Budding was evaluated at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, and 56 days after grafting. Since normality and homogeneity assumptions were not met, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was applied. The second phase, conducted between June and December 2024, evaluated stem diameter, height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll index, considering grafting, shading, and paclobutrazol application as factors. A completely randomized design was used, with 56 seedlings divided into grafted (28) and non-grafted (28) groups, subjected to two shading levels (full sun and 50% shade) and two paclobutrazol treatments: application of 2 ml diluted in 250 ml of water and a control without application. Measurements were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after PBZ application. Data analysis was performed using R Studio software, applying Generalized Linear Models (GLM). The results showed significant differences between graft protection treatments. T2 (parafilm with kraft paper bag) had the highest grafting success rate (27.5%), followed by T4 (12.5%), while T1 had 10%, and T3 showed no budding. Regarding shading, plants under 50% shade exhibited greater stem diameter growth (2.36%), a higher number of leaves (53), and a higher chlorophyll index (34.2 g). Height growth was also greater under shade but was not statistically significant. Non-grafted plants had a higher number of leaves (64), while grafted plants had the highest chlorophyll index (30.7 g). PBZ reduced the average number of leaves (42) and stem diameter growth (1.99%) but did not significantly affect height or the chlorophyll index. It is concluded that grafting is an effective asexual reproduction technique for C. sanguinolentum, and graft protection with parafilm and a kraft paper bag improves grafting success. Additionally, grafting may accelerate flowering and fruiting, but this hypothesis requires long-term monitoring. PBZ proved to be phytotoxic, reducing growth and causing total leaf loss.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espécies arbóreas presentes na zona urbana de Altamira - Pará: índices espaciais e diversidade florística
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-28) FEIO, Elnatan Ferreira; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3655-4166; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
In recent decades, the interest in studying the urbanization process in cities has become an extremely important subject, since this phenomenon is not planned. Disregarding regional differences, it becomes very distant to design more sustainable cities. One of the ways to achieve this sustainability is by promoting actions that encourage the insertion of afforestation achieving positive effects, such as the alleviation of the heat resulting from asphalting and the implementation of urban spaces. Thus, the promotion of afforestation in cities is one of the ways to minimize the adverse effects of climate in cities and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants. This work was carried out at the headquarters of the municipality of Altamira, located in the southwest region of Pará state. It was performed in three stages: (i) mapping of tree planting from manual vectorization to generate a cloud of points that enabled the analysis through the application of Kernel Density Statistics of the spatial distribution of tree species using calculation of environmental parameters for estimative, such as Vegetation Coverage Index (CVI) and Percentage of Vegetation Coverage (PCV); (ii) acquisition of remote sensing images with low cloudiness during the dry season, referring to the years 2011 and 2021 from the Satellites Landsat 5 Sensor TM and Landsat 8 Sensor Tirs, respectively, with images acquired on National Institute for Space Research (INPE) website; and (iii) survey of tree census in three neighborhoods of the city based on the largest coverage indices calculated in the first stage of the research to determine the Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou Equability Indices. It was observed that the distribution of afforestation in Altamira is very variable and deficient, where most of the city's neighborhoods have a tree density deficit. The central neighborhoods are the most consolidated and have the highest densities of individuals. The PCV was 0.49% and the ICVH was 1.72 m² of canopy/inhabitant. Values under recommended by the United Nations Organization - UN and the Brazilian Society of Urban Arborization - SBAU. For the year 2011, the terrestrial thermal conditions in the city of Altamira varied between a minimum of 23.97°C and a maximum of 34.80°C, maintaining a constant around 32°C in the urbanized area, out of line with the maximum temperature 34°C was registered in a few points of the city, with an average temperature of 32.09°C at Centro neighborhood. In 2021, the temperature in Altamira reached a minimum of 23.35°C and a maximum of 33.89°C. The result of calculating the indices for the Premem, Jardim Uirapuru and Esplanada do Xingu neighborhoods showed the following values, respectively: a) Shannon-Weaver diversity (H'): 1.73, 1.81, 2.28; b) Pielou equability (J'): 0.65, 0.57, 0.72, and c) Simpson (C): 0.69, 0.71, 0.85, respectively. Qualitative analysis indicated that the higher the value of C, the lower the diversity of species, therefore, the highest distributed diversity is found in the Premem neighborhood. For the quantitative analysis, 793 tree individuals were cataloged, divided into 61 species, belonging to 40 botanical families which was found that 68% are exotic species and 32% are native. It is observed that the arrangement of the spatial distribution of urban trees did not follow the growth of the urban fabric, allowing the emergence of areas with low tree density which ended up in the urgency of a policy elaboration that contemplates green areas in our city, in order to humanizing roads and public areas and contributing to the regulation of the microclimate in Altamira, with positive effects on the well-being of the population and those who transit through here. Thus, this study has the necessary attributes to support urban planning in actions aimed at promoting comfort and the future attenuation of thermal sensation events, valuing the planting of native species to the detriment of exotic ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de qualidade do solo e sistema de plantio adensado em área degradada na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) SILVA, Kerciane Pedro da; SANTOS JUNIOR, Jaime Barros dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8994389767647854; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2933-8764; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Soil degradation results in the loss of organic matter and compaction, making the assessment of soil health through quality indicators essential for monitoring and adapting management practices in degraded areas. Furthermore, seeking new planting strategies for forest restoration is important so that areas that have suffered some type of degradation can be restored. In this context, the objectives of this study were: 1. To compare soil quality in forest areas and different topographies of a pasture area. 2. To analyze the survival and growth of tree species. 3. To evaluate the effect of grafting on C. sanguinolentum planted in spaced groups. The research was conducted at the Environmental Studies Center (CEA), located in the municipality of Vitória do Xingu, PA, in the Volta Grande do Xingu region. Soil samples were collected from the forest area and at three different altitude ranges (120-130 m, 130-140 m, and 140-150 m) in the degraded area to determine physical and chemical attributes, in addition to calculating the Soil Structural Quality Index (IQES). The dense planting technique consisted of the distribution of 30 groups located on three different topographies (120, 130, and 140 m). Each group was composed of 13 seedlings of forest species representing different successional stages, with the climax species C. sanguinolentum positioned in the center. In each altitude range, five grafted and five non-grafted individuals of C. sanguinolentum were planted in the center of the groups, and monitored over a six-month period. The soil analysis identified significant differences in physical and chemical parameters between forest areas and pasture areas, highlighting the impact of management practices in degraded areas. The forest areas exhibited better physical soil quality compared to the degraded areas. In the forest, there were higher concentrations of organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a more acidic pH due to the accumulation of organic matter. On the other hand, the degraded altitude ranges showed a tendency toward soil compaction. In the dense planting, the mortality rate was 7.69%, with the species S. mombin and G. americana showing no mortality. S. mombin had the highest growth in height (75.87%) and diameter (168.25%). The species C. sanguinolentum showed better performance in diameter among the non-grafted seedlings, with mortality occurring only in the grafted seedlings. Seedling growth was influenced by altitude, with better diameter and height development of the studied species in the lower altitude area. The soil analysis results demonstrated that native vegetation contributes to the improvement of soil quality and maintains positive ecological processes, while inappropriate practices harm the soil's ecological functionality. Dense planting, in general, proved to be an effective strategy for ecological restoration, thus promoting ecosystem functionality and contributing to the advancement of ecological succession in degraded areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sobrevivência e crescimento inicial de espécies nativas em plantio de enriquecimento em área de recomposição florestal da UHE de Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-17) SOUZA, Onassis de Pablo Santos de; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de caixas-ninho pela fauna de vertebrados em relação às variáveis ambientais em um fragmento de Floresta Amazônica em Altamira-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-27) BENTO, Silnara Carmo; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741
The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the largest remnants of tropical rainforest in the world, but the sharp exploitation of natural resources in the Amazon has caused a growing loss of biodiversity. These impacts have worryingly reached the fauna that depends on natural cavities present in alive or dead trees as spots for nesting, sheltering or foraging. To compensate the loss of environmental complexity, the use of nest boxes has been successfully used, especially forests of temperate regions, for diverse groups of vertebrates, from birds to mammals. For the Neotropical region, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this environmental intervention through the experimentation and observation regarding the use of these nest boxes in relation to the environmental variables, being our goal to develop these observations in a fragment of Amazon forest in Pará. The study used 30 wooden nest boxes distributed along a RAPELD research module located in a forest fragment in the Xingu region of Altamira. Eight boxes were installed in transect One and 16 transect the Two, added six boxes along the stream. Four boxes per parcel were installed, two at the beginning and two at the end, one 1.5 m hight and the other with 5 m. in relation to the ground; the boxes installed along the stream were fixed with intercalated height (1,5 and 5 m) distanced 50 m each other. Environmental and spatial variables were measured: opening the canopy edge distance, and an average density of the surrounding DAP trees, distance and altitude stream. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA), were used to correlate the occurrence of bird, amphibians and reptiles species, and used to verify the relationship between the nesting site variables and locations in relation to the sampling sites. Seven boxes were occupied by vertebrates, all then as sheltering. Four were occupied by mammals (Didelphidae and Rodentia), two reptiles (Thecadatilus rapicauda) and one amphibian (Osteocephalus taurinus). Sampling covered the entire study area through the heterogeneous distribution of the artificial cavities, there was slight variation between the variables and the nest boxes (PCA - 39.50% explanation of the axes). There was no significant correlation, but a tendency of use for T. rapicauda to occupy boxes associated with the variables distance of the stream and altitude, and mammals with the variable vegetation cover. Different from other Brazilian studies there was low occupation of nest boxes, and our results were not substantial to determine the use of nest boxes for environmental enrichment in fragmented environmental fragments in the Amazon.

Navegar

Navegando Dissertações em Biodiversidade e Conservação (Mestrado) - PPGBC/Altamira por Linha de Pesquisa "CONSERVAÇÃO E MANEJO DA BIODIVERSIDADE"