SIBI! EM BREVE O RIUFPA ESTARÁ LIBERADO! AGUARDEM!

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2854

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) integra o Instituto de Geocências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental) iniciou suas atividades em 2005 com o Mestrado Acadêmico e em 2011 com o Doutorado Acadêmico.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 117

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da transição do regime de fogo na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) TAVARES, Paulo Amador; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-2341; BARLOW, Bernard Josiah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8559847571278134
The Amazon biome has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover, and it is also being affected by global climate change. Consequently, the fire occurrence has become more frequent in the Amazon. Therefore, it is important to understand how the fire regime in this region occurs and its interactions with land use and climate. For these reasons, this study analyses the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter 1, we investigated the temporal fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon, considering changes in land use and forest cover. We collected annual data on fire occurrence, forest cover, deforestation rates, and soybean cultivation areas. Generalized linear mixed models and linear models were used to analyse the data and identify the key factors influencing this transition. We found that there is a fire transition process in the forest, and a quadratic model provided a better prediction of fire occurrence behaviour. Furthermore, the peak of fire occurrence is shifting towards more forested landscapes over time. Deforestation rates and the expansion of cultivation areas were found to be related to this transition, with deforestation having a greater impact on fire occurrence and cultivation expansion being more relevant in predicting the transition to more forested areas. In Chapter 2, we investigated the fire transition in forest landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to understand how this transition occurs and which variables best explain the process. We used Latent Trajectory Analysis (LTA) and generalized linear mixed models to identify latent trajectories representing different patterns of land use over time. Two main latent trajectories were identified: the "Consolidated" trajectory, characterized by a longer history of deforestation, and the "Transition" trajectory, characterized by a more recent land occupation pattern. Forest cover and deforestation were the main predictors of forest fires in both trajectories, followed by water deficit. Mechanized agriculture did not show significant influence on either trajectory. An increase in burned forest areas was observed from 2015 onwards in both trajectories. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with land use changes and forest cover. They underscore the need to develop public policies that strengthen forest cover through initiatives like forest restoration and reduce deforestation in the Amazon region to ensure biodiversity conservation and carbon stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da transição do regime de fogo na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) TAVARES, Paulo Amador; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; BARLOW, Bernard Josiah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8559847571278134
The Amazon biome has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover, and it is also being affected by global climate change. Consequently, the fire occurrence has become more frequent in the Amazon. Therefore, it is important to understand how the fire regime in this region occurs and its interactions with land use and climate. For these reasons, this study analyses the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter 1, we investigated the temporal fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon, considering changes in land use and forest cover. We collected annual data on fire occurrence, forest cover, deforestation rates, and soybean cultivation areas. Generalized linear mixed models and linear models were used to analyse the data and identify the key factors influencing this transition. We found that there is a fire transition process in the forest, and a quadratic model provided a better prediction of fire occurrence behaviour. Furthermore, the peak of fire occurrence is shifting towards more forested landscapes over time. Deforestation rates and the expansion of cultivation areas were found to be related to this transition, with deforestation having a greater impact on fire occurrence and cultivation expansion being more relevant in predicting the transition to more forested areas. In Chapter 2, we investigated the fire transition in forest landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to understand how this transition occurs and which variables best explain the process. We used Latent Trajectory Analysis (LTA) and generalized linear mixed models to identify latent trajectories representing different patterns of land use over time. Two main latent trajectories were identified: the "Consolidated" trajectory, characterized by a longer history of deforestation, and the "Transition" trajectory, characterized by a more recent land occupation pattern. Forest cover and deforestation were the main predictors of forest fires in both trajectories, followed by water deficit. Mechanized agriculture did not show significant influence on either trajectory. An increase in burned forest areas was observed from 2015 onwards in both trajectories. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with land use changes and forest cover. They underscore the need to develop public policies that strengthen forest cover through initiatives like forest restoration and reduce deforestation in the Amazon region to ensure biodiversity conservation and carbon stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável em Moçambique: uma aplicação do barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-25) MAXLHAIEIE, Martinho Julião; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
In recent years it has develop methods for assessing the progress towards the sustainable development (SD) at the national, regional, or local scale through Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI). The importance of the use of this tool for the implementation of public policies, based on the SD, was held at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Although they are very important in the evaluation process, these tools are currently little known and its use has not been well done. In Mozambique, the application of tools for sustainability analysis in its several dimensions was not performed properly due to lack of data on indicators, methodologies and especially the absence of a solid institutional structure to monitor effectively the implementation of the Environmental Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Mozambique. In this context, this research aims to analyze the level of sustainable development of Mozambique, in the period of 2001 and 2014, by applying the Barometer of Sustainability (BS). The BS is a two-dimensional analysis method that encloud two subsystems: the human and the environment. From them are calculated synthetic indexes called "environmental well-being index and "human welfare index”. The research is bibliographical and documental and 40 indicators were selected and defined performance ranges for each indicator. The result shows that Mozambique is on a performance or Potentially Unsustainable condition in 2014 compared to the Unsustainable condition in 2001.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores sustentáveis urbano em uma mesorregião amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-29) SILVA, Elisane Gabriel do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Global concerns about environmental degradation have emerged since the 1970s, reflected in conferences, meetings, reports, among others, carried out by the United Nations (UN), which international agreements arise in favor of preserving the world's biodiversity. Perceptions on Sustainable Urban Development encompass the conceptualizations of evolution, social awareness and environmental conservation. In order to measure global Sustainable Development, the Agenda 30 published by the UN comes into force, with 169 goals, broken down into 254 indicators, whichthey do not assess municipal sustainability. The objective of this study is to propose a system of indicators that allows the analysis of urban sustainability in the face of the social, political institutional and environmental dimensions of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém. The Urban Sustainable Indicators Matrix (MASU) was designed using that data collection carried out through internet sites, at no cost to the researcher. To validate this proposal, two methodologies were applied: the Likert Scalar method (adapted), and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, that analyzes results are divided into two chapters. The results obtained by the Likert Scale method (adapted) point to sustainability by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Environmental and Political-Institutional Dimensions, consecutively, highlighting the municipalities of Belém and Santa Bárbara do Pará as sustainable, and the municipalities of Marituba, Inhangapi and Castanhal as unsustainable. The sustainability achieved by the municipalities infers cities with Sustainable Development, although this sustainability is associated by the relative analysis of the data sample. While the application of the PCA method showed sustainability in by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Political-Institutional Dimension, highlighting the municipalities with Sustainable Development being Barcarena, Santa Barbara do Pará, Inhangapi and Santa Isabel do Pará as sustainable, due to the criteria of signs and similarities, measured through the data of the Principal Components (CPs). That way, MASU highlighted realistic results, showing (un)favorable indicators for local sustainability, providing subsidies to public management to solve specific problems and develop effective public policies to meet the needs of the population and achieve Sustainable Urban Development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem do dendezeiro (Elaeis guineenses Jacq.) no nordeste do Pará e implicações para o planejamento de territórios sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-29) LAMEIRA, Wanja Janayna de Miranda; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
The national policy of biofuels to propose mitigate climate change by reducing CO2 emissions, make use of the carbon market, reduce deforestation and promote socialinclusion, especially in rural areas. In Amazon area this mobilization for palm oil (dendezeiro) is justified by presenting the best soil and climate conditions for this crop and have a huge amount of areas considered "degraded" which are priority for expansion of this crop. The objective of this study was to analyze the conditions of development of the palm oil area ("polo do dendezeiro") in Pará state, through the use of sustainability indicators, the support of GIS tools and the formulation of models of land use change, in order to assist in planning sustainable territories. It is an interdisciplinary research that used complementary methodologies to address the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability of the territory. The results show that: (i) there are differences in levels of development of the municipalities of Acará, Cametá, Concórdia do Pará, Igarapé-Açu, Moju Tailândia and Tomé-Açu in the "polo do dendê". Those municipalities without having sufficient conditions to promote their development, still remain as local and isolated towns; (ii) there was, from 2008 to 2013, an increase of approximately 80,272 ha to 146,611 ha (respectively) in the areas of oil palm, being the preferred location of these monocultures to the metropolitan area of Belém and in Moju Tailândia, Acará and Tomé –Açu munipalities; (iii) the most of thirty-seven municipalities in the "polo do dendê" have development conditions between regular and critical levels that are related to low economic diversification and social and environmental grievances accumulated with the development proposals that disregarded the particular region; (iv) there will be an increase of about 2.110km² oil palm in 2025 if it continues this trend of expansion, not getting worried since it does not represent 5% polo palm oil, but the question to be raised is where occur the changes and under what conditions. This results is useful for territorial planning from a broad debate on sustainable development in all aspects (social, economic and environmental). Territories for palm oil involves a set of actions managed in an integrated approach, able to promote the development of such crop in the region, without compromising conservation of biodiversity efforts, maintaining the ecological processes and improving the socioeconomic conditions. It seems that it is still necessary to go a long way for the sustainable expansion of oil palm occurs in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem hidrometeorológica na Bacia do Rio Tocantins em Marabá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SANTOS, Daniel Meninéa; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The objectives of the present work is to develop a statistical model to predict discharge or flow in Marabá-PA, as well assess the atmospheric dynamic structure associated with the extreme hydrological regime observed in the Tocantins river basin. The hydrological model based on multiple linear regressions uses time series derived from fluviometric and pluviometric stations which are obtained from ANA database. Validation tests of the statistical model with Nash coefficient above 0.9 and standard error of 1.5% and 5% during flood and drought periods, respectively, allow generating predictions of discharge with antecedence of 2 to 4 days (3 to 5 days) for the flood (drought) period. Through composites technique considering all years with record of above/very above discharge and below/very below discharge in Marabá, obtained from percentiles method, it was investigated the precipitation characteristics in basin scale and the dynamic aspects observed in each month (November to April). The composites of years with above/very above discharge showed that the rainfall on the basin was above normal in all months, and the large-scale patterns indicated a configuration associated with La Niña phenomenon over Pacific and cooling conditions over South Atlantic; intensification of both zonal/meridional ascending branch of the Walker/Hadley cell; intensification of the Bolivian High anomalously placed eastward and negative ROL anomalies associated with the joint occurrence of ZCAS and ZCIT. Conversely, the composites of years with below/very below discharge showed a predominance of precipitation below normal throughout basin, which was associated with the conditions of warming (El Niño) over Pacific, and also warm TSM anomalous over South Atlantic, cell of Walker and Hadley with weak upward movement, the positioning of the High Bolivia westward with positive ROL anomalies indicating inhibition of tropical convective activity. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of the socio-economic impacts in the main centers of Marabá revealed that approximately 10 thousand (5% of the population) people are affected by Tocantins river floods with costs in the flooding operations above R$ 500.000,00, considering the 2005 case.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Acará, Amazônia Oriental: subsídios ao planejamento ambiental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-22) DIAS, Filipe Gomes; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multitemporal da sustentabilidade de uma comunidade extrativista no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) NASCIMENTO, Thaylana Pires do; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
Among the existing ecosystems in the Amazon biome, there are the floodplains (dense alluvial ombrophilous forest known as the estuary floodplain forest), where traditional communities, such as indigenous peoples, quilombo community, rubber tappers, chestnut trees, babassu coconut breakers and the riverside. The main economic activities carried out in these floodplain forests are extractivism, mainly the collection of açaí fruits, the extraction of palm hearts and wood, artisanal fishing, and shrimp capture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes in relation to the sustainable use of the Environmental Protection Area of Ilha do Combú (APA Ilha do Combú), relating the current economy from non-timber forest products, with the economic strategies used by the riverside people in a time frame of 30 years. The methodology used was field research based on interviews with the application of semi-structured questionnaires in 10 key families. The benefits and disadvantages of creating the APA Ilha do Combú were raised, where the increase in the number of bars and restaurants seems to be going against the wishes of the local population. It was confirmed the hypothesis that the intensification of açaí management on the properties resulted increase in the profitability of the inhabitants of the Island in relation to what was achieved in 1990. However, this factor results in a greater dependence on this product to the detriment of other NTFPs listed in 1990.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal do índice de vegetação e caracterização da cobertura vegetal no Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-09) RIBEIRO JUNIOR, Julia Pereira; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
This study was carried out from 1990 to 2020 in the insular region of Baia do Guajará, state of Pará and aimed to analyze the dynamics of land use and cover on the islands of the insular region of Baia do Guajará through the NDVI vegetation index. with the intention of provoking the discussion and insertion of new urban, economic, social and tourist development strategies in the region in the APA of Ilha do Combú, located in the municipality of Belém, Pará. To achieve this objective, the script to generate vegetation index (NDVI) was prepared in the code editor of Google Earth Engine, comparing it with the monthly and annual averages of rainfall. It was found that seasonality consistently influences the behavior of vegetation and, consequently, the NDVI, since anthropic changes were minimal on most islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aterro sanitário de Marituba: estimativa e dispersão das emissões de biogás e a percepção da mudança da qualidade do ar pela população do entorno.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-18) MACHUCA ESPÍRITU, José Guillermo; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
Urban Solid Waste in landfills and dumps is an important anthropogenic source of Greenhouse Gases, mainly Methane (CH4), which has a high capacity of retaining heat in the atmosphere. At the Marituba Solid Waste Processing and Processing Center (SWPPC) located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, current and future methane generation from the year 2015 were estimated through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model considering a minimum operation period of 15 years. The landfill will generate during its history approximately 610 thousand metric tons of CH4, of which approximately 95% will be produced in the coming years. Considering the global warming potential of methane that is 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) over the years, this will generate an amount equivalent to 17 million tons of carbon dioxide. The dispersion of methane gas as a tracer of other gases and odors generated at CPTR Marituba using a Gaussian dispersion model shows that at night time (18:00-06:00) gas accumulation is higher at the area surrounding the landfill and causes discomfort in the population, validating this information with the results of the interviews with the residents of the surrounding area of the municipalities of Ananindeua and Marituba, who suffer the greatest annoyances due to the bad odors in this same nocturnal period. The results of this research should be considered in the definition of public policies for the location of new landfills and in the implementation of actions to mitigate the negative impact of existing landfills. Despite the relevance of the topic addressed in this study, studies on the generation and dispersion of gases as well as the impact on the surrounding population in landfills in the Amazon Region are scarce in the literature, so this work will add to the understanding about landfills and its impacts on the Amazon as well as the use of biogas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e composição química de folhas de mangue vermelho (Rhizophora mangle L.) em um manguezal e área transicional em São João de Pirabas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NASCIMENTO, Bruno Delano Chaves do; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are characteristic coastal ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions of great social and ecological importance. At Amazon these ecosystems represent more than half of mangrove areas of Brazil (about 70%) and are renowned for their great exuberance and magnitude related to regular distribution of rainfall, high temperatures, the large tidal range (> 4m) and the supply of sediments from the rivers of this region. Changes in water characteristics and physic-chemical soil properties can cause changes in nutrient dynamics in these ecosystems. In transitional environments these characteristics are altered and may have effects on the concentration of nutrients in the ecosystem compartments. In order to differentiate these transitional environments and the actual mangrove environments for the concentration of nutrients, this study aims to determine the nutrient content in the soil, in Rhizophora mangle L. leaves and leaf litter in these two types of environments in two seasonal periods, in a mangrove of the Amazon coast. Samples were collected in the drier month (September 2011) and in the rainy month (April 2012) in the two areas and subjected to chemical analysis for the concentration of macro (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, S, P, N, C) and micro nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe). We also analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the soil (Eh, pH and salinity) and the granulometry of the ground. The results show higher nutrient concentrations in the fringe mangrove soil when compared to the transition zone (mangrove x secondary forest), indicating that the Eh, which is lower in the first influenced by the proximity to the sea and the highest frequency of flooding by tides, is the main differentiating factor in the concentration of soil nutrients. The nutrients in the Rhizophora mangle L. leaves not differ significantly from one environment to another and do not follow the same pattern of soil concentration on the two areas studied, however, the leaves nutrients are more influenced by the difference of a climatic period for other. Thus, the red mangrove trees of the transition zone can maintain a concentration of nutrients similar to the fringe of the forest, and the structural difference of the woods is more related to soil particle size than the nutritional relationship, since these trees have physiological mechanisms for the maintenance and selection of nutrients, such as N which could be a limiting nutrient in these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e interação com folhas de serapilheira em manguezais da ilha de Itarana e comunidade Caranã, São João de Pirabas, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-26) SOUZA, Marina Lopes de; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are coastal ecosystems situated in the land-sea interface, under constant influence of the dynamics of the tides. It is known that this ecosystem is considered one of the most productive in the world, due to the large amount of organic matter that is produced and fed into other environments. This productivity, in turn, has its origin both in litterfall produced within the system itself, the inputs of nutrients arising tidal and storm water. The nutrient dynamics in mangroves is linked to factors such as the frequency of flooding by tides, the seasonal period, the topography and biogeochemical processes. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the soil chemical properties and verify the interaction between soil and leaf litterfall in mangroves in northeast Pará, in the rainy and less rainy season. For this, samples of soil and leaf litterfall were collected in different seasonal periods, for analyses of pH, Eh, interstitial salinity, C, N, S, P, Fe, Na +, K +, Ca + 2, Mg + 2 and Al + 3. The results of soil chemical properties show that seasonality exerted greater influence on the results of Na +, K + and interstitial salinity. The intertidal mangrove presented nutrient content of higher soil when compared to the supramaré mangrove. In general, there was a relation to the concentration of the soil nutrients with the concentration of nutrients in leaf litterfall, more evident in the high carbon concentration, as well as the lifting conditions content of some nutrients in leaf litterfall of supramaré mangrove during the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da exploração florestal de impacto reduzido em atributos físicos e químicos do solo e na regeneração natural em Paragominas, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) HIRAI, Eliana Harumi; SILVA, José Natalino Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479038232182214; CARVALHO, Cláudio José Reis de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5976057799163293
This work was carried out at Fazenda Rio Capim, property of the Cikel Brasil Verde Madeiras Ltda., in the municipality of Paragominas, State of Pará, Brazil. The main objective was to study the effect of logging on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and on natural regeneration in three Working Units logged in 2000, 2003 and 2006., The treatments were gap center, primary and secondary skid trails, logging landing and one control plot. The diameter of each individual was measured at approximately 1,30 m of the ground; all species were identified and calculated the species richness, abundance, diversity Index, evenness and floristic similarity. Samples of litterfall were collected in same the locations of soil plots. For physical analysis (granulometry, texture, soil bulk density, resistance to the penetration, porosity and volumetric humidity) soil samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm depth, and for the chemical analysis (pH, carbon stock and nitrogen, C/N) the samples were at 0-10 cm depth. In the primary skid trails it was considered its beginning, middle and end of the extension, and both for primary and secondary skid trails, the marks of the wheels of the machinery (RM), the place between the wheels (ER), and the edges of the trail (BT). Felling gaps were randomly measured and classified with areas <600m2 and> 600m2. The soil of the study areas is Yellow Latosol with very clay texture. The soil bulk density and porosity varied significantly among years and between treatments (p <0,001); no significant differences were found at 20-30 cm depth. Main and secondary skid trails and logging landings were the most affected treatments. Gaps had no influence on bulk density. It was verified that ER and BT did not differ statistically. The comparison among beginning, middle and end of the skid trails showed ere no significant differences for any of the comparisons. Results for to resistance to penetration were very similar to the bulk density and porosity. Volumetric humidity varied according to the combination year x treatment (p <0,001). Average pH values varied between 4,72 to 5,92. Litterfall decreased as time elapsed since logging. Average contents of C varied between 25,94 to 42,59 g.kg-1 and the contents of N between 2,23 to 3,35 g.kg-1, both considered as high values. For carbon stock of (Mg.ha-1) it was not found significant difference for any of the interactions (year, season and treatment). The relationship C/N for logged forest showed values between 10,37 and 15,42, indicating mineralization of the soil inorganic nitrogen. The three studied WUs presented high diversity and evenness. WUs logged in 2000 and 2003 showed the highest similarity (35,93%), followed by the WUs logged in in 2003 and 2006 (33,46%), and WUs logged in 2000 and 2006 (26,93%). It has been concluded that it is necessary a long observation period for evaluation of the effects of soil compaction on the growth of the regeneration. Indicators for good forest management practices should consider soil attributes (physical, chemical and biological) for a better understanding of the system and choice of other indicators that can give answers on the equilibrium of the forest ecosystem. The studied parameters can be used as indicators of environmental quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá–Pará, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-28) ROCHA, Nívia Cristina Vieira; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Guamá river basin covers nineteen municipalities in Northeast of Pará, region whit the highest demographic density in the state. The objective of this research is to apply the water sustainability index for Guamá river basin, from hydrological aspects (using the Curve Number methodology), environmental (analysis of the percentage of area composed of vegetation), social (indexes that contribute to analyze the quality of life) and management (the analysis of the institutional potential). For a better analysis, the Guamá river basin was divided into eight sub-basins. The results for the hydrological indicator showed a medium feature in relation to sub-basins; the environmental indicator showed the difference of the sub-basins in relation to the vegetation cover; the social indicator presented worse performance in relation to the other indicators; and the management indicator presented characteristics that point to the need to a Institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin presents the intermediate sustainability index. Considering the context in which this river basin is located, measures are needed for strategic planning related to the management, and the managers and other sectors of society should work more efficiently to minimize pressures on the remaining vegetation, to strengthen institutional capacity and improve the quality of resources and life of the population, with the intention of potentiate the sustainability of the entire basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da viabilidade da legislação ambiental para o pequeno produtor rural no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) CUNHA, Helen Theyla Costa da; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental de unidades de conservação da Amazônia Legal brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) SILVA, Ermeson Freitas da; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The present work assessed the vulnerability of conservation units in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2012 to 2021. Through the analysis of exposure and sensitivity indicators, the main threats faced by these protected areas were identified, including forest cover, economic activity, access, natural, human and economic resources, and these were consolidated into a final vulnerability index. The average values of the exposure and sensitivity component for the fire and pasture indicators were the highest, which highlights the significant effects of these threats on protected areas. The results obtained provided important insights into the challenges faced by protected areas and highlighted the need to understand and monitor their vulnerability in order to develop effective conservation and management strategies. This information is essential to support decision-making and the implementation of policies and measures aimed at protecting and sustaining these areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental de Unidades de Conservação da Amazônia Legal Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) SILVA, Ermeson Freitas da; LIMA , Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The present work assessed the vulnerability of conservation units in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2012 to 2021. Through the analysis of exposure and sensitivity indicators, the main threats faced by these protected areas were identified, including forest cover, economic activity, access, natural, human and economic resources, and these were consolidated into a final vulnerability index. The average values of the exposure and sensitivity component for the fire and pasture indicators were the highest, which highlights the significant effects of these threats on protected areas. The results obtained provided important insights into the challenges faced by protected areas and highlighted the need to understand and monitor their vulnerability in order to develop effective conservation and management strategies. This information is essential to support decision-making and the implementation of policies and measures aimed at protecting and sustaining these areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do processo de cobertura da terra no entorno de usinas hidrelétricas na Amazônia brasileira: a evolução da UHE de Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-16) MONTOYA, Andrés Danilo Velástegui; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The analysis of the environmental impacts produced by the construction of megaprojects in the Amazonia has been the field of study of several researches. In this work, the object of study was the Tucuruí hydroelectric power plant, built in the state of Pará. Since it is a strategic region for the expansion of the capacity of hydroelectric power generation of Brazil, it has been the focus of several analysis approaches aimed at subsidizing the best characterization of future scenarios. The model of land cover change was discussed in the riparian areas and in the surroundings of the reservoirs, motivated by the modification of the dynamics of the natural ecosystems. This phenomenon is caused by the extensive reservoirs and migratory aspects, in an already consolidated situation. It was carried out a multitemporal mapping and analysis of Landsat satellite images of the representative dates of the different stages of construction, inauguration, expansion and current scenario of the hydroelectric power plant. It was also sought to verify if the increase of the anthropic areas, in the municipalities directly affected by the reservoir, have a compensatory role in the improvement of the socioeconomic conditions in the region. In fact, these regions absorb the social, economic and environmental costs associated with the construction and operation of the plants, while the energy benefits are distributed to other regions of the country. It is hoped, therefore, to contribute with a critical evaluation of the new hydroelectric plans, predicting the possible environmental and social impacts of the project, given the history of events already observed in the Tucuruí hydroelectric power plant. Also, to contribute to the debate on elements that induce "regional development", thus subsidizing public management, the private sector and the academic community, regarding the formulation and implementation of actions aimed at the improvement of life quality in these localities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do programa municípios verdes na perspectiva da gestão ambiental e do impacto sobre o controle do desmatamento no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-24) CASTELO, Thiago Bandeira; SANTOS , Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The State of Pará is the second largest state in the Legal Amazon, with vast biodiversity and large areas of natural forest. These conditions have attracted, over the years, actors interested in exploiting their natural wealth through the opening of areas over the forests with disorderly logging for livestock and agricultural crops, as well as the execution of energy ventures. Thus, as exponentially increasing deforestation rates in the 2000s, government actions prevailed through programs and political projects to combat deforestation. Within the context of the policies, the Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV), which since 2011 has sought to support the environmental management of the municipalities of Pará through punitive and educational measures to farmers, in addition to setting goals for controlling deforestation in the territories covered by the program. Two extremes exist for the municipalities participating in the program. On the one hand, there are the “Embargados” municipalities with high deforestation rates and, consequently, restrictions on trade and agricultural production. On the other hand, there are controlled or monitored “verdes” municipalities that meet PMV goals. Considering deforestation as a phenomenon of strong impact on the environment, the research sought to understand and estimate the impact of the program on deforestation control in green municipalities, thus defining the effectiveness of the policy in achieving its objectives. Understanding if, in fact, the municipalities listed as “verdes” control deforestation in their areas is fundamental for the improvement of the actions of the State of Pará government. Control of deforestation involves adequate environmental management and recovery of forest areas. Thus, we tested empirically through robust assessment techniques and methods, the contribution of environmental management and the impact of PMV on the recovery of forest areas, estimated by the forest preservation index. The research was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) in the promotion of the research grant by the programa de Demanda Social - DS and the Centro Regional da Amazônia (CRA) linked to the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) in assignment of physical structure and technical support in the processing of forest monitoring data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do tratamento de efluentes da indústria de alumina no contexto dos impactos da mineração na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-26) BARBOSA, Renata Kelly da Costa; BERRÊDO, José Francisco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; FRANÇA, Silvia Cristina Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9463680545957601
The state of Pará has one of the world's largest mineral reserves, and bauxite, the rock from which aluminum is extracted is particularly plentiful here. However, the process for obtaining aluminum produces impactful environmental waste (red mud), a highly caustic residue. The general objective of this study was to characterize the effluent (solid and liquid phases) generated by alumina refining, and to evaluate the efficiency of the DAF ( Dissolved Air Flotation) process in order to improve the quality of this, so that it might be possible to reuse the water. The observed results were as follows: the chromium concentration in Pará River is higher than the legal limit. The riverbed sediment has low bioavailability due to its characteristics of silt and fine sand, and is composed mainly of quartz. The collected phytoplankton and oysters near the refinery showed high levels of aluminum and other chemical elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Mg and S), especially when compared with those from the control point. The red mud is composed of fine particles of chemical composition 50% Fe2O3 and Al2O3. DAF tests showed satisfactory results with solids removal efficiency reaching 99% with T-8 and 99.4% in the E-4f, with final turbidity values less than reached 8.5 NTU. The recycle ratio and the concentration of flocculant were shown to be important variables in the experiments, and showed exhibited better results in the removal efficiency of solids. Acute and chronic ecotoxicological tests showed good results in the efficiency of wastewater treatment by using the DAF. It is expected that this study will contribute to scientific knowledge, and may serve as an alternative for the treatment of effluent from the alumina industry. Moreover, the study reached important results that can help improve the quality of waste water and its reuse in the manufacturing process, which can reduce water consumption and environmental risks.