Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9395

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa entre uso e qualidade do solo na área do reservatório da UHE – Tucuruí com base nos atributos físicos e químicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-21) RAMOS, Jaqueline Pinheiro; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548
The construction of dams and their reservoirs generates a series of problems, among them, it is mentioned the erosions in the banks of the reservoirs. The soils forming the UHE-Tucuruí region are subject to different uses and occupations that over time have undergone changes with the seasonality of the lake and the increasing use of land, without considering the potentials and limitations of the soil. Some of these areas already show signs of degradation and erosion occurrence points are also identified. The present work seeks to determine the chemical and physical attributes for the evaluation of erodibility in soils located in the reservoir area of Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant. With the selection of native forest, planting and pasture areas, the collected and deformed samples were collected to perform the chemical and physical tests at the Civil Engineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará at the Campus Universitário de Tucuruí. After obtaining the results of the physical and chemical properties of the soils can be prescribed the changes caused by the difference of their use and occupation, in the comparative between the areas, the established parameters showed the chemical degradation of the soil and the loss of nutrients that trigger the erosive processes. Multivariate analysis techniques were applied: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Grouping Analysis (HCA) to correlate the variables, the understanding of the data set was facilitated and the interrelation between the variables and samples became clearer, From these analyzes, it was possible to determine that the pasture area in the superficial layer is the one that most differs from the others, when considering all the attributes analyzed and the extracted samples, in addition, the multivariate analysis highlighted the information set, which variables are undergoing changes as a consequence of anthropic activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da cobertura do solo usando NDVI, na região da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CARRARO, Fábia Gabriela Pflugrath; FÜLBER, Heleno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5018616409948511
The present work aims to analyze the ground cover, of the Belo Monte Dam complex region using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), calculated from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 images from 2008 to 2018. The use of images over the 10-year period can continuously identify trends in the pixels due to the change in land use. The mapping consisted of a polygon (buffer) on each side of the Xingu River, the images obtained during the dry period, in the Imaging Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The scenes were processed and the thematic maps generated in ArcGIS® 10.2.2. and the NDVI tool was applied for the mapping of areas and then a grid was generated with the processed values, than the creation of thematic classes based on intervals of index values, for the generation of thematic images, with associated defined value intervals to a color scale. The reduction in NDVI values in the years 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017 shows the direct influence of the decrease in vegetation due to deforestation. It is checked that during the time series, that from 2013 to 2016 there was a constancy in the NDVI values, indicating that in those years there were no major losses of plant biomass. Thus, the application of the index shows an efficiency when analyzing the behavior of the vegetation made it possible to verify a huge loss of plant biomass and increase of exposed soil due to the implantation of the Belo Monte Dam.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contaminação e distribuição espacial de metais pesados em áreas de influência de mineração em um estuário tropical na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-19) SILVA, Matheus Cavalcante; MONTE, Christiane do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6178162183692365; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
Tropical estuaries are often impacted by heavy metals, but the spatial distribution and contamination of these pollutants have been insufficiently investigated between sediments and water in South America, especially in the little-studied regions of the Amazon. In order to contribute to this gap, this study investigated the spatial distribution and contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the surface waters and sediments of the Pará River Estuary (PRE) (Pará, Brazil), which has been affected by various mining activities. Thus, different procedures were integrated, including a systematic review of the literature on tailings spill events and impacts derived from these events, sedimentary and mineralogical characterization, estimation of organic matter in the sediment, physical-chemical parameters of the water, determination of metals in the sediment and water, contamination assessment indices and statistical analyses. The results showed that the kaolin tailings storage systems in Barcarena-PA are more unsafe than the alternative disposal systems reported in the literature, resulting in kaolin tailings leaking into regional water bodies and spreading areas used for bathing. On the other hand, the disposal of bauxite tailings in the area prioritizes alternative systems with higher solids content, facilitating control actions. In addition, the bauxite and kaolin tailings had predominantly silty fractions and mineralogy marked by the presence of aluminum hydroxides. All the samples showed low concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, suggesting the action of resuspension in an area with predominantly sandy sediments. As an exception, Cd showed high concentrations in Murucupi and Furo do Arrozal, which triggered high levels of contamination in these areas. All the sampling sites indicated that there was a high concentration of heavy metals and a high degree of contamination of the water, except in the vicinity of Vila do Conde. Furthermore, high ecological risks are associated with the metals present in the water from anthropogenic activities, compromising the quality of the estuarine ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da influência do uso e ocupação da terra na concentração de sólidos em suspensão em reservatório hidrelétrico com o uso do sensoriamento remoto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-09) SOUZA, Fabíola Esquerdo de; SOARES, Carlos Benedito Santana da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9153957633685323; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The use of remote sensing in reservoir sediment monitoring is important for temporal spac knowledge of sediment deposition in dam structures. In this context, this research was developed in the hydrographic basin that covers the Tucuruí HOU reservoir, in which suspended sediment concentration data from the M1 monitoring station located at 2 km upstream of the dam were acquired, and were integrated into the analyses to understand the relationship between the responses of satellite images and field measurements. Sediment analyses were performed with 14-year time series of MODIS images, composed of 8 days. Surface reflectance estimates were calculated using simplinear regression and coefficient of determination (R2). For the use and occupation of the land of the hydrographic basin, a temporal analysis of Landsat-5, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS images was performed. Next, the land use and occupation were related to water quality analyses of stations upstream 1 (M1), Amount Repartimento (MR) and Montante Pacurui (MP). The results show that the calibration curve generated the linear regression equation with good fit for MI monitoring station, presenting efficiency in the data estimated by reflectance through this model. The analyses of land use and occupation show that over the years there was a reduction in forest formation and at the same time pasture growth occurred. In relation to water quality, the impacts caused by anthropic actions have negative influences. Thus, it is possible to observe the relevance of the use of remote sensing techniques, geoprocessing and geotechnologies, as instruments that help in the planning of land use and occupation, in the analysis of water quality and management of water resources in reservoir regions, since these technologies enable greater spatial scope of the analyses with lower costs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade pluviométrica da região da UHE – Tucuruí/PA no período operacional (1988-2017)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-30) ALMEIDA, Denilson Freitas; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Tocantins - Araguaia hydrographic region has become a major power in the generation of hydraulic energy with the installation of large hydroelectric plants and the formation of several artificial lakes, resulting in hydrological changes and possible changes in the microclimate and rainfall. The analysis of rainfall behavior in the hydrographic basin becomes of fundamental importance for the management of water resources. In order to subsidize the management and planning of water resources in the region, an analysis of the spatial-temporal rainfall variability was carried out in the Lake HPP-Tucuruí / PA region, being divided into 4 quadrants (NE, NO , SO and SE) and 12 sub-areas (NE50, NE100, NE200, NO50, NO100, NO200, SO50, SO100, SO200, SE50, SE100 and SE200), considering the period of 30 years (1988-2017), in order to analyze the behavior of the rains in the region. To this end, data were collected and analyzed from 30 pluviometric stations that appear in the database of the ANA platform (HidroWeb base), within a radius of up to 200 km from the hydroelectric plant. With the aid of the QGIS 3.0.3 software, the isohyets maps were drawn using the linear ordinary kriging interpolation method, representing the heights of the water slides. The results showed variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the total volume precipitated in the referred period of study, identified in the results of standard deviation and variance, in addition to the result of the trend of rains by Mann Kendall's non-parametric tests. The pluviometric indexes showed decreases, when analyzing the entire study area, with an average rainfall of 2157.73 mm. There was a greater decrease in precipitation in the southern part of the region, which showed lower rainfall. In the northern regions, where the artificial lake formed by the Tucuruí dam is found, there were higher rainfall averages. The Mann-Kendall (MK) results showed a greater decrease in the quadrants of the microscale (close to the bus), especially at NO50, which showed a significant trend of decreasing rainfall in the study region (Z = -2.24).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) SILVA, Cristiane Matos da; TEIXEIRA, Otávio Noura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784356232477760; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5996; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espaço temporal das barragens no estado do Pará nos últimos 20 anos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-08) CHAVES, Daniel Rodrigues; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
Knowledge of the location of reservoirs of water bodies is extremely important for the study and management of water resources. However, the registration of such information is mandatory for large dams, however, it is performed in a purely informative manner by most entrepreneurs, and it is up to them to correctly inform the data or simply ignore its importance. The cost of on-site registration is high, in addition to taking a long time on the part of environmental agencies such as ANA, ANM, SEMAS. In this sense, orbital images can offer maps of buslocations at low cost, covering large areas, including difficult to access. The present work has as main objective to perform a temporal space analysis through the MNDWI index, with the objective of subsidizing the registration and location of the buses in the state of Pará, which have an area of water depth greater than 3,600m², using for this purpose , 192 imagesof the Landsat sensor that cover the entire state territory. The results obtained showed a significant increase of 656% in the total number of dams in the last 20 years, mainly in the eastern region of the State. Having identified 3,704 dams in the State of Pará, however, only a total of 314 are registered on the ANA website, throughout the State. It was also identified the relationship between the largest cattle and soybean producing cities as the cities with the highest number of buses. It can be concluded that the method used proved to be efficient, since it managed to efficiently characterize the evolution of the dams over time, as well as their distribution and spatial variation, thus being able to assist in the planning of the inspection bodies in the identification of the most critical sites that need to be inspected, thus making inspection more effective and allowing better management of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal da cobertura vegetal de um fragmento da RPPN Seringal Triunfo, Ferreira Gomes - Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-27) SCHNEIDER, Juliana Cristina; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-9885
The construction of dams became necessary for national development, the Amazon region, for having a great hydro-energetic potential, was also used for the construction of these projects. River Araguari's hydrographic basin has three hydroelectric dams (Coaracy Nunes, Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão) built in its middle course, in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, however the construction generated several problems, such as loss of territoriality, difficulties in subsistence of villages and the environment modification. However, in 1998, there was the enactment of the Seringal Triunfo National Heritage Private Reserve, which aims to conserve biodiversity. Therefore, there is a need for studies aimed at improving the knowledge of vegetation cover, which have occurred since the enactment of the RPPN. In this sense, the present study sought to understand whether there were changes in the vegetation cover in the RPPN from 2000 to 2015, after its approval and with the construction of UHE Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão. For this, remote sensing data were used. Twelve images obtained from the TM/Landsat-5, ETM+/Landsat 7 and OLI/Landsat-8 satellites were used, delimiting the study area with the creation of two polygons (buffer), one located within the RPPN and another adjacent with approximately the same size. Digital processing techniques were applied to these images with the aid of pixel counting software. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated, making it possible to obtain the median. The obtained results show that the image processing allowed differentiate its constituent elements (vegetal cover and exposed soil). The calculation of the NDVI medians, for the scenes between the years 2000 to 2015, in the area located within the RPPN ranged from 0,37 to 0,64 and the medians of the adjacent area ranged from 0,29 to 0,63, thus, the statistical analysis showed no relationship with the years (F1,10 = 0,02 and P = 0,87), indicating that during the analyzed period there was a stability in the vegetation cover, the same occurred for the adjacent area (F1,10 = 0,11 and P = 0,74). This stability in the area of the RPPN may be related to the role it plays in nature conservation and in the adjacent area to the stagnation of population growth in the municipality. The use of images from remote sensors proved to be a very valuable tool for the present research, even without carrying out an on-site visit, it was possible to calculate the NDVI. Therefore, it is recommended for future work to analyze the NDVI from years prior to 2000, that is, years prior to the approval of the RPPN, as well as on-site visits, for the validation of the components observed in the NDVI, for the NDVI classification to the studied locality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal dos impactos socioambientais das barragens de rejeito na bacia hidrográfica do rio Murucupi, Barcarena – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SANTOS, André Thiago Lemos Miranda dos; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548
The objective of this study is to carry out a survey of the socio-environmental influence of the users of the Murucupi River Basin, focusing on the buses of the company that uses the basin, located in the municipality of Barcarena in the State of Pará, Brazil. taking into account the multiple uses of soil and water.. The research considers multiples land uses, as well as the impacts caused by the tailings pond. For this assessment, Temporary Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) maps were applied using for the period of 1986 to 2017 data from USGS mapping and for the period of 2004 to 2014 data from TerraClass project mapping. Through this database, the impacts arising from the multiple uses of natural resources and socioenvironmental degradation observed in Barcarena were measured. Changes in land use were obtained through the State Department of Environment and Sustainability-SEMAS and IBGE data. The technical-scientific data were correlated to the socioenvironmental degradation maps in order to determine the socioenvironmental pressure caused by the installation the Imerys’ tailings pond in the study area. In addition to exposing the negative perception of the population in relation to the dam companies, through the application of online forms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos atributos físicos e químicos de solos em áreas ex situ e in situ da ilha de germoplasma, uma reserva ambiental em Tucuruí, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-09) NERI, Pablo Paulo Souza; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-6683
The construction of hydroelectric power plants in the world is based on increasing demand for energy and river flood control. At the national level they are alternatives due to the great Brazilian hydroelectric potential. The Tucuruí Hydro-Power Complex is located in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin and over 1,100 islands have been formed from the filling of the reservoir, inhabited by some 6,500 people, most of whom have vegetable extraction and animal husbandry as their source of income. Among these islands, one can highlight the Germoplasma Island, which is a permanent preservation area (APP) and is located 3 km from the Tucuruí dam. This island was created in order to guarantee the conservation of the plant genetic material of the region flooded by the dam. On the island of germplasm, some forest matrices planted on the courts are perishing. In other courts the productivity of the forest species is decreasing. This problem can hinder the extraction of seeds for seedling production and propagation. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and characterize the area in situ (PC3), shade planting (Q18) and full sun planting (Q17) ex situ area of the germplasm island located in the lake of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station. Deformed composite samples were collected from 10 to 30 sub-samples in each area at depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm. The samples were then prepared and analyzed in the Civil Engineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará at the Tucuruí University Campus. The chemical and physical results of the soils were submitted to the Tukey statistical test at 5% probability, Hierarchical Grouping Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the soil chemical and physical analyses made it possible to understand the characteristics of the germplasm island areas. The highest levels of calcium and magnesium were found in Q17, due to the management performed in the plantation. Moreover, it presents high weathering and low organic matter content, and therefore, low Cation Exchange Capacity. In relation to the Q17 and Q18 planting areas, the shading planting provides the best conditions for the development of plant species and maintenance of soil quality, as it showed similarity between the chemical attributes of the natural vegetation area. From the data obtained and statistical analysis, there was greater similarity between the areas PC3 and Q18. Through the results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was possible to visualize the contribution of soil chemical attributes in the characterization of the studied areas. The soil chemical attributes that contributed the most were: ∆pH (-0.333), Al3+ (-0.332) and pH H2O (0.323), H+ (-0.534), Fe2+ (0.410) and AP (-0.379). Hierarchical Component Analysis (HCA) confirmed the results obtained in Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um protótipo de barco robô de baixo custo para análise de qualidade de água em rios e reservatórios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) MARTINS, Leandro Ramos; BAYMA, Rafael Suzuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6240525080111166
The National Water Agency, through its National Water Quality Assessment Program, operates a monitoring network with 1874 data recording points throughout the national territory together with the states, where the analysis of four basic parameters is carried out. According to the National Water Agency, the number of points is insufficient for the monitoring of the quality of the water in the lakes and river to be assessed throughout their course, which promotes the lack of data and information, generating gaps in the monitoring that are not can reverse. One option that is under development to solve this problem that is not exclusive to Brazil, is the use of robot boats, which has shown to be a promising technology. This work proposes the construction of a robot boat prototype for low-cost water quality analysis, and promotes the analysis of the use of robotic vessels in order to assist the activities of collecting and analyzing water quality in order to facilitate and streamline monitoring. The prototype developed included the use of low-cost technologies in its design and mechanical, electrical and electronic assembly in addition to the human machine interface. The robot boat was tested on bench and in the field, obtaining satisfactory results for the measurements of ph, temperature and collection, refrigeration and transport of water samples, a function not observed in other robot boat projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Critérios operacionais para redução da contribuição de sedimentos gerados em pilhas de estéril
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-14) COSTA, Glayce Wivyanne Oliveira; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Failure to construct and / or operate sterile piles can lead to significant environmental impacts due to the management of sediments from erosion processes, especially in the rainy season, making it necessary to prepare mitigation plans that take into account the behavior morphodynamic characteristics of the land, as well as the rate of sedimentation or the sediment load that can be incorporated into the watercourses during the different constructive stages of the structures, in order to guarantee the integrity of the flora around the enterprise, as well as to optimize the destination of the tailings and sediments within the space defined for the mining activities. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the process of sterile disposal and solids generation in iron ore sterile disposal cells from open pit mines, thus indicating operational criteria that subsidize the reduction of the contribution of sediment generated in batteries for the environment. In order to carry out this work, a Vale sterile stack was installed in the Mineral Province of Carajás, called PDE NW II, for which a documentary research and critical analysis of the main factors involved in the erosive dynamics of the structure was carried out. In this context, rainfall histories, soil cover classification, size and morphology of the contribution basin are included, as well as the quantification of sediment carried by the structure to downstream portions. The methodology used was efficient, mainly because it was able to correlate cause and effect, in the evaluation of the routines of implantation and operation of the piles, in order to make preventive actions intuitive, in order to minimize the contribution of sediment to the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descaracterização de barragens de rejeito de bauxita: como a indução da sucessão ecológica pode atuar na melhoria do substrato na fase inicial de descaracterização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-26) NEVES, Mayra de Nazaré Barral das; GAMA, Marcos André Piedade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3991808809325751; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The closure of tailing dams is currently one of the main concerns related to the management of tailing dams in the mining sector, which can be noted by the recent changes in international standards and federal legislation on the subject. Applying revegetation as a technique for recharacterization of tailing dams is a great challenge, mainly because the organic matter content in the substrate is very low or non-existent. In this context, this experiment was conducted in three treatments that had the purpose of demonstrating the performance of the induction of ecological succession in three environments in bauxite tailings substrate with different conditions of green manure and addition of organic matter. In the T3 treatment (control) there was the planting of tree seedlings on the tailings; in the T2 treatment, in addition to tree planting, green manure with cover legumes was included; and in the T1 treatment, in addition to tree seedlings and cover legumes, organic matter from external sources was added. For the analysis of the induced succession process, parameters of soil physicochemical quality, development of the implanted vegetation and biomass generation were evaluated. The soil analysis of physical attributes showed no significant difference between the treatments for bulk density, total porosity and stability. All 3 treatments presented similar values of pH, m% and V%, with exceptions in the 0-5 cm layer. The T1 treatment stood out in terms of OM content and CEC values. The treatments T2 and T3 presented similar CEC values. T2 showed an increase in OM between the collections of 6 and 12 months after the implementation of the experiment. The highest biomass production of Crotalaria spectabilis Röth occurred at T1, however, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. showed no significant difference between T1 and T2. The results of litter behaved according to the pre-availability of OM in the treatment, gradually increasing and with significant difference between T3, T2 and T1. T1 presented the highest mortality rate (Tm) of the species Hymenaea courbaril L., and there was no significant difference of Tm for the other species between the treatments. T2 presented the best results of admission of shrub and tree species. There was no significant difference in plants growth between treatments for all species, except for stem diameter of Inga edulis Mart., which were higher at T1. Throughout the experiment the majority of the seedlings had 50 to 100% of mature leaves and only Bixa orellana L. and Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard came to flower. The induction of the ecological succession process through the treatments applied in this experiment was effective for the introduction of biological factors in the substrate, the improvement of chemical attributes in the surface layer and the settlement of tree species in the initial phase of bauxite tailing dams closure whose planned future use is reforestation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da cobertura vegetal da Comunidade Água Fria na RDS Alcobaça em Tucuruí-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-27) SILVA, Renata Albuquerque da; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-9885
The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant has great socioeconomic and environmental importance for the southeast region of Pará, due to the formation of its artificial lake, resulting in changes in vegetation cover and loss of biodiversity. This study seeks to understand the dynamics of change in vegetation cover that occurred in the Água Fria Community, RDS Alcobaça, after the filling of the Tucuruí Reservoir, making it possible to understand the changes resulting from deforestation and subsidize proposals for interventions. Digital Image Processing (PDI) techniques were used, divided into stages: Landsat 8, Landsat 7 and Landsat 5 image acquisition; combination of spectral bands (Band 3 and Band 4) and atmospheric correction; NDVI calculation, map production and statistical analysis. To obtain the orbital images, the U.S.G.S. digital platform was used, in the months of July, August and September, from 1990 to 2020, with intervals of two years. The NDVI value showed no relationship with the years, indicating that during the years analyzed there was no significant reduction in the vegetation cover on the ground in the Água Fria community, in the Alcobaça RDS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da erodibilidade de solos do reservatório da UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-30) SILVA, Lucas Manoel da; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378; ALENCAR JÚNIOR, Júlio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465
The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, besides being the 5th largest hydroelectric plant in the world in generating capacity, transfers electric power to several Brazilian states and, having a reservoir of 2,917 km², is strongly subject to erosion. Several studies report the occurrence of erosive features near the its reservoir, besides being constantly subjected to laminar erosive actions in its drainage areas. In this work we carried out bibliographical surveys, field checks and direct and indirect analyzes of the erodibility of samples of the main soils of the Tucuruí HPP reservoir. Indirect analyzes employed semiempirical formulations based on physical and geotechnical characteristics of the, and the direct ones tested undisturbed samples under runoff, exposure to gradual and total water immersion processes, and under intense sample remoulding levels for evaluations in the Tropical Compacted Miniature - M.C.T. It was possible to notice a significant increase in the reservoir territorial occupation, favoring the exposure to erosive processes, and that the samples classified as Pedisol as Ultisol and Yellow Latosol presented average erodibility rates, as 0.0392 and 0.0323 g / cm² / min / Pa and low levels of disaggregation, while Red Latosol presented low erodibility as 0.002 g / cm² / min / Pa, medium to high levels of disaggregation and expansions, in the MCT methodology. These conclusions indicate that the agricutural activity in the area must grow crops that maintain the surface coverage of the first soil areas, and the prevention of uses that may disrupt and damage the last soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência operacional de um reservatório na dinâmica de nutrientes no processo de eutrofização – estudo de caso UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-28) OLIVEIRA, Michele Araújo de; SARAIVA, Augusto Cesar Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7466500214796269; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
The Amazon region contains a large water reserve, with rivers that present favorable behaviors for the installation of new dams. However, this change brings with it alterations in hydrological behavior, which leads to limnological changes, caused not only by the act of the water damming, but also by the increased population attracted to these areas in search of new opportunities. This leads to the generation of nutrients that are then released into the water body, mainly due to the precarious effluent treatment in these regions. In this context, the aim of this study was to calculate the Trophic State Index (TSI) at the Tucuruí HPP reservoir, through the aid of software packages and laboratory analyses of field data, analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of the main nutrients responsible for this process in this area, using two models, namely Carlson‘s (1977) and Lamparelli ‗s (2004) models. The study also proposes a statistical analysis of the relationship between the behavior of the operational regime of the hydropower plant (HPP) with the situation of eutrophication of the reservoir, aiming to evaluate damming implications in the eutrophication process that occurs in the reservoir and its consequences. Eutrophication variability was observed both spatially and temporally, by the Lamparelli (2004) classification, where some points presented an oligotrophic classification during several years, indicating good water quality. However, through Carlson‘s methodology, most of the reservoir was classified as eutrophic, with lower water quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pequenas barragens: uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento científico, técnico e regulamentador
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-19) NAVA, Francy Rosy; PINTO, Andreia Cristina Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3743402063049504; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Although small water track dams have important and various purposes, even if they are smaller they are structures that causes considerable socio-environmental changes and represent increasingly evident risks. These terms are not considered by normative directives established in Brazil. That is why the regulatory system has been stimulated by strong discussions in analysis on advantages and disadvantages of the dams, only directed towards the great enterprises. Thus, a gap has been created, which substantiates and directs this study in the sense that the small water dams also deserves attention. To prove this need, this research was guided by the following scientific questions: 1. How the occurrence of small dams are addressed in scientific and technical environment? 2. What is the representativeness of the impacts events associated with the construction / operation of small dams? 3. How does the legal and institutional system incorporate the management of small dams? In order to answer them, a methodological route was established, allowing the purpose to analyzing small water track barriers in the Uraim river basin under the perspective of territorial and socio-environmental management and normative systems. The results demonstrated several weaknesses in scientific and technical knowledge, as well as in the normative and institutional ordering responsible for the environmental management of structures with polluting / degrading potential. The weakness found, whether in licensing or safety aspects are the main factors that drive the practice of establishing small irregular barriers in water tracks, disregarding technical and environmental criteria. It was also verified the representativeness of small dams and the significant socio-environmental risks. In this way, this study contributes to in-depth understanding of the roles of all actors responsible for the management of small dams. In addition, stimulates discussion on the performance of normative and institutional planning in promoting the efficient implementation of the environmental policies established by the government. These results can be used by policymakers and government decision-makers to improve the regulatory framework and executor role.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil fitoquímico, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos de espécies da flora amazônica coletadas na região de influência socioambiental da UHE-Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) NOGUEIRA, Bruno Alves; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-6683
With over 56,000 plant species, Brazil has one of the richest in the world, encompassing nearly 19% of the world's flora, excluding fungi. Much of this resource is found in the Amazon, which is a region with the highest biodiversity on the planet. However, due to various anthropic actions, knowledge, conservation and numerous native species with biotechnological potential can be lost. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of peel extracts and fruit seeds of three species of the Amazonian flora, prepared from different extractive techniques. For this, vegetable matrices were obtained from the peel and seeds of fruits of Poraqueiba sericea, Garcinia macrophylla and Platonia insignis, the extraction methods applied were hot, using Sohxlet, and cold using hexane, methanol and hydroalcoholic system. (50:50) as solvents. Phytochemical screening tests were performed to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in plant structures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods and the antimicrobial potential was determined by the plate diffusion disc method. The hot hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla seeds presented the best yield (11.40%). All species presented a considerable range of secondary metabolite classes, with emphasis on the cold hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla (EHA-Gm) seeds, which presented the highest variability (9 classes). Regarding antioxidant activity, the EHA-Gm fraction showed activity of 685.53 (± 7.38x10-4 ) μmol Fe (II) .g-1 extract, in the concentration of 0.1875 mg.mL-1 , being the most active among the extracts tested by the FRAP method. This same fraction presented the lowest efficiency concentration to reduce the DPPH radical by 50% (EC50) (97.31 ± 5.98 × 10-2 µg / mL). In the antimicrobial assays, the tested extracts showed positive inhibition response against strains of Bacillus subtilis, Candida glabrata and Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Synechococus sp. The present study demonstrated that P. sericea, P. insignis and G. macrophylla species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive compounds. Notably G. macrophylla, which stood out in the antimicrobial and antioxidant tests performed during this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposição metodológica para melhoria do monitoramento pluviométrico em regiões de barramento com escassez de postos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-10) FERREIRA, Laysse Alves; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Brazilian Amazon is considered the largest primary forest in the world, having great importance in the planet's biodiversity, as well as in the national economy, having large enterprises that use dams for their production process, such as hydroelectric dams and dams for mining. Despite its environmental and economic importance, the Legal Amazon has low density and spatiality for in loco measurement of rainfall. Precipitation data are the basis of hydrological studies and for the entire cycle of implementation, operation and decommissioning of dams, where knowledge of hydrological behavior enables actions to prevent extreme weather events, as well as better management and decision-making of water resources . Groups of stations that have similar hydrological behavior and minimal differences are called hydrologically homogeneous areas, making it possible to transfer data from these areas with adequate monitoring to areas that have insufficient stations. Regionalization allows this data transfer and the extraction of information about the spatial behavior of precipitation, commonly using clustering algorithms. Given this scenario, Ward's hierarchical grouping method was used in this study to identify hydrologically homogeneous groups and later regionalization through the Ordinary Kriging method. The historical series from 1986 -2015 (30 years) of rainfall data from 268 stations was used. The results showed 6 homogeneous zones with high precipitation variability among the groups found. Spatialization ratified the results of other studies that concluded that the legal Amazon has high rainfall variability, with regionalization being a tool to assist in the management of areas with a lack of data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposições para o fortalecimento da educação ambiental na área de influência da UHE Tucuruí: sob o olhar da percepção ambiental de docentes do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-29) TEIXEIRA, Thaise Daniele Paixão; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
The study examines environmental perception considering the construction of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, which led to a series of spatial, social, and environmental changes within the project's affected area. This transformation altered the human-nature relationship and individuals' perception of their environment. The research aims to contribute to the strengthening of public policies, particularly within the framework of measures designed to mitigate the impacts of hydroelectric plants. This will be achieved through an analysis of the Environmental Perception of public school teachers involved in the environmental education program of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant within its scope of influence. The study is conducted across six schools situated in the municipalities of Tucuruí and Breu Branco, involving a total of 60 teachers and 6 administrators as participants. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with school administrators and open-ended questionnaires directed to teachers. Quantitative data were systematically processed and organized, with results depicted in graphs. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, aided by the IRaMuTeQ Software. The outcomes of this investigation revealed that the majority of participants possessed knowledge about the educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness about the Environmental Education Program (AEP) of the Tucuruí HPP. However, despite acknowledging the program's limitations, most teachers believe that the AEP contributes to mitigating environmental degradation in the vicinity of the Tucuruí HPP. Nevertheless, it is imperative to critically examine the socio-economic and cultural context of the communities, identifying potential issues before implementing activities. This entails considering the diverse environments and historical ties of those affected by the project. Consequently, investing in and intensifying the program's presence within the school environment becomes essential. This underscores the need for enhanced training and program adjustments that foster meaningful learning and the development of environmentally conscious citizens.