Dissertações em Engenharia Civil (Mestrado) - PPGEC/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2304

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi aprovado pela CAPES em 1999 e inicou-se em 2001 pertente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de lixiviado em carvão de caroço de açaí (Euterpe Olerácea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-23) LESSA, Luana Cristina Pedreira; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; ALMEIDA, Hélio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071472719215354
This study investigated the adsorption of leachate on filter paper with adsorbent poder (coal of açaí and red mud) and the adsorption of leachate previously filtered and then adsorbed on adsorption column with granular fixed bed (coal of açaí). The charcoal used is of vegetal origin generated by a thermo-catalytic cracking process of açaí stone (Euterpe Olerácea), impregnated with sodium hydroxide 2 mol.L-1 (NaOH). The açaí cores were collected from commercial establishments located in the Guamá neighborhood in the municipality of Belém-PA. The leachate was collected at the Central of Processing and Treatment of Urban Waste - CPTR in periods considering the seasonality of the region. It was obtained that for the physical-chemical characterization of the crude leachate the seasonality interferes in the concentrations of the leachate. The mean values of the BOD5/COD ratio indicate that the leachate has recalcitrant elements and low biodegradability characteristics. With the use of the red mud in the preliminary adsorption tests it was concluded that it is an environmental liability to be considered for treatment of leachate by adsorption, since it reduced the total solids concentration. In the preliminary adsorption tests carried out in a series batch and in the column adsorption tests also in the series the acaí coal leaching occurred in the effluent to be adsorbed, thus increasing the concentration of total solids in the final effluent. After adsorption tests in the adsorption column, pH, alkalinity and total solids values increased, however, COD and chloride concentrations decreased. The control chart graphs, for the variation of the COD concentration over time, showed that the adsorption processes were kept under the control according to the method. The mass adsorption of 1000 g of filtered leachate presented the best percentage of removal efficiency for COD, with 75%. The adsorption isotherm model that was best fitted to the experimental data after linearization was the Freundlich model, with R2 of 0.9985. However, by this model the adsorption isotherm was considered as unfavorable, that is, at high solute concentrations the coal does not perform favorable adsorption. The results obtained denote the technical viability of leachate treatment by the use of açaí coal impregnated with 2 mol.L-1 NaOH and crude red mud.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa de modelos digitais de terreno (MDT) como apoio no dimensionamento de projetos de saneamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-21) MESQUITA, Daniel Alvino; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo. Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
In Brazil, when it is a question of information about the terrain relief characteristic, mainly in the North and Northeast regions, there is a lack of planialtimetric data, something that indirectly hinders the management and the planning of the cities, in relation to the design and elaboration of sanitation projects. In this way, it is possible to study methods and techniques that reduce the cost-benefit, highlighting the application of Digital Terrain Models (TDM) for better representation of the terrestrial surface. This work has as main objective the comparison of MDTs elaborated from different techniques, as well as to evaluate the implications of these in the water supply project and in the delimitation of water basin and drainage. The municipal seat of Ipixuna do Pará-Pá was adopted as a study area and two techniques were used to obtain altimetric data, namely: through SRTM images (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) and by topographic survey with Total Station. The interpolation kriging method was applied to generate the contour lines, aiming to subsidize the generation of MDT. Despite the good correlation obtained between the two MDTs generated. The Pearson correlation indexes of 0.85, agreement index of 0.97 and the performance index of 0.82 indicated that there is a good correlation between the altimetric data allowing the use of SRTM imaging in engineering projects. However, 72.5% of the points presented SRTM image scores higher than the Total Station altimetric data, with a difference between the 2.06 meter sources, indicating that due to the spatial resolution of the SRTM there is a disagreement in the delimitation of the basins for areas smaller than 1.73 km².
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da disponibilidade hídrica da região hidrográfica do Tapajós como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para a outorga de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-12) ROCHA, Gabrielle Souto da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
This work presents an analysis of the water availability in the Tapajós hydrographic region, located in the state of Pará. For the analysis of the availability, the data of the historical series of the fluviometric stations of Tapajós RH were analyzed, considering a period of 20 years (1987-2007). such as grant information and waivers granted to users of water resources in the region. After the analysis of the fluviometric series, the reference curves were obtained with the Siscah 1.0 program to determine the reference flows Q90 and Q95. The program was also used to perform the statistical calculations to obtain Q7,10 for each fluviometric station. For the determination of the sub-basins and drainage area to obtain the remaining flows, the Otto Pfafstetter method was used, detailing up to level 4. Observing the presented results, it was verified that for the reference flows Q90 and Q95 for one maximum flow rate of 70%, for each method, the remaining flow in the sub-basins does not constitute a scenario of scarcity or water stress, while Q7,10 presented a criticality scenario for the applicable uses. In relation to the uses granted in the Tapajós hydrographic region, it was verified that the municipalities with the highest number of granted processes are Itaituba and Jacareacanga, and the highest number of grant exemptions is distributed between the municipalities of Itaituba and Rurópolis. It was identified that the use of water resources for Tapajós hydrographic region, based on the purposes of granting and dispensing of requested concessions, is for the service of earthworks, compaction and wetting of roads in the region. These uses are directly linked to the expansion of the region through works such as ports, hydroelectric power stations and opening of new avenues to increase the flow of agricultural products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da tendência de precipitação e vazão na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-24) DIAS, Luanna Costa; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
Studying rainfall and flow trends is important to understand hydrological variability and to determine what has influenced increases or decays. The present study analyzes the trends of the space-time annual series of precipitation (total annual precipitation and maximum annual precipitation) and flow (averages, maximums and minimums) in the Amazon River Basin through non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's tests. Slope for five different periods (1975-2014, 1980-2014, 1985-2014, 1995-2014 and 2000-2014). The results indicate that the series of average flows are increasing in the Amazon Basin for all analyzed periods. In the sub-basins of the right bank of the Amazon River, Tapajós and Madeira, the most recent period (2000-2014) registered the greatest trends of increase in the average annual flow from 1998 (year of strong El Niño) and that reached the largest values already observed. In the maximum flow series, the Óbidos station had an increasing rate of increase for the five periods analyzed for extreme flood events, which directly affect the population residing in these areas. Mean flow decay trends were found at six stations in the Tapajós and Madeira sub-basins. As for precipitation, there are significant trends of increase and decay distributed in several distinct regions of the basin. The stations with the highest positive precipitation trends had a significant increase since 1997, reaching the highest peaks in 2013. The comparison of the magnitude of the trends by the Sen's Slope test shows that there is a behavior of increasing flow rates in the entire Amazon basin and in terms of precipitation there are areas of increase and decrease, that is, precipitation is not the only variable that influences the flows of the Amazon River basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de viabilidade técnica da conservação de água no cilo produtivo de indústria de refrigerante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-07) CUNHA, Bruno José Costa da; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This work aims to formalize an engineering protocol containing technical procedures necessary to optimize the consumption of water in the beverage industry, through the evaluation of the potential of water conservation, determination of environmental and economic performance indicators, as well as the proposition of scenarios of water use. In order to explore the opportunities for water conservation, a water balance was carried out with the help of flow measurement methods. Water use analyzes were performed to determine areas and processes where there is significant potential for water savings. Based on the evaluations, investigations, recycling and reuse practices it was observed that the productive sector of the soft drink factory, especially the packaging stage, has the potential to reduce water consumption. The proposed scenarios can provide the company with a reduction in specific water demand from 2.53 to 1.92m³/m³refrigerants, reducing the company's groundwater abstraction by 24.1%. Thus, considering the average production of refrigerants, the daily water savings can be up to 81.4m³, while the company's specific effluent generation can be reduced by 36.7 m³ / d, equivalent to 24, 1% reduction. In addition, the operating costs of the ETE and ETA can be reduced by R$ 39,272.83 per year, representing a savings of 24.5%. Thus, this study proved that water reuse can be successfully implemented in the soft drink industry as a sustainable approach to industrial water management, since the engineering protocol established in this work proved adequate for the collection of information necessary for the control and optimization of water use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP): identificação das dificuldades docentes para a utilização do método no curso de Engenharia Civil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-28) SILVA, Sidnei Silva e; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058
The technical training of engineering teachers brings with it difficulty in mediating in an educational process way of building knowledge, which negatively influences student training. To minimize such effects, we used the Problem Based Learning (PBL) as an alternative. Therefore, this paper aims to present the difficulties identified in the teacher's perception for the use of the method in the civil engineering course through the construction of an implementation proposal in two disciplines in a public university of Marabá. The research is characterized as action research and was developed in eleven cycles proposed in the disciplines. These problems were built based on the contents offered for these subjects and a technical visit to a teaching institution that uses PBL as a curricular basis. Besides, we used observations of similar studies developed on the use of the PBL method. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the technique, shown by the good acceptance of both the teacher and the students involved in the research. Besides that, we observed which the students have gotten excellent performance at the end of each discipline. However, some difficulties were found: the cultural elements, the curriculum, and the lack of some teaching skills as factors that can hinder the use of the PBL either by the student or by the teacher himself. From these results we concluded that the studies demonstrate the feasibility of using the method, however, essential elements present in the educational process would need to be enhanced so that the PBL could be fully used within the institution, such as teacher training, or curriculum-related issues could contribute to the development of the topic addressed in this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação a suscetibilidade de deslizamento de terra na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Trombetas via lógica fuzzy
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-03) VIEIRA, Artur Sales de Abreu; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046
The landslides are defined as rapid mass movements, which present a well-defined rupture plane causing considerable social and economic damages worldwide each year. The phenomena of mass instabilisation are conditioned by many factors, such as climate, lithology and rock structures, pedology, morphology, anthropic action and others. Prevention actions such as the effective warning system and the establishment of areas susceptible to these processes are necessary because they can minimise the losses and damages caused by these disasters. In this sense, the objective of this research was to elaborate a map of the susceptibility of the landslide to the Trombetas River basin through fuzzy logic, since the area of study is of great economic interest, mainly to the exploration mineral. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment software and the MATLAB in Mamdani type Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to develop a qualitative model for predicting susceptibility and critical thresholds of landslide warning scenarios. Seven (7) input parameters were included in the model, characterising the topographic, pedological and environmental conditions. The results showed that in the Trombetas River basin there are areas classified as very low (14.11%), low (47.23%), moderate (35.08%), high (0.20%) and very high (3.39%) susceptibility of the landslide.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da presença de antiflamatórios não esteroides no sistema de abastecimento de água Bolonha Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-12) RIBEIRO, Caroline Mascarenhas; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs - NSAIDs in the Bolonha Complex, Belém-Pa, from water samples collected in the Bolonha Reservoir (raw water) and after the filtration and disinfection of the ETA Bolonha, in addition to verifying possible relationships between the NSAIDs in the study and the water quality parameters. The determination of NSAIDs was based on the solid phase extraction method, on GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) for the identification of the compounds Ibuprofen (IBU) and Paracetamol (PAR), and LCMS/MS (Chromatography Liquid coupled to sequential mass spectrometry) to obtain Naproxen (NAP) and Diclofenac (DFC). The results obtained indicated the presence of the four drugs PAR, IBU, NAP and DFC in the Bolonha Complex. At point AB, the first three drugs, respectively, had an annual mean of 3.7 ng/L, 9.1 ng/L and 351.8 ng/L. At point AF, the same drugs obtained, in the same order, annual mean concentrations of 14 ng/L, 231.2 ng/L and 1932.2 ng/L. At point AT, only IBU and DFC were detected, with annual averages of 0.9 and 35.9 ng/L, respectively. It was found that the main step responsible for the elimination of drugs was chlorination, especially in the rainy season, equivalent to an annual removal efficiency of 100% in the cases of PAR and NAP, and 94%, referring to the IBU. In the correlations, no strong relationship was identified between the drugs detected in the raw (AB), filtered (AF) and treated (AT) water points. At Point AB, the approximation of the NAP with the pH color, apparent color, total iron, turbidity and E-coli variables stands out. At point AF, the same drug showed a correlation with the apparent color in the rainy season, however in the dry season it did not show strong correlations with any of the variables analyzed. At point AT, the DFC stood out with the approximation of the pH, turbidity and alkalinity variables. In general, the assessment of the presence of NSAIDs proved to be important for a better understanding of the issue of microcontaminants in the Amazon and, in addition, confirmed the hypothesis of the presence of NSAIDs in different parts of the ETA Bolonha, which may be related to the discharge of untreated sewage from the neighboring population
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade de água do sistema de aproveitamento de água da chuva instalado no Campus de Belém da Universidade Federal do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-18) PACHECO, Paulo Rodrigo da Costa; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This research has main objective to analyze the rainwater quality in an experimental unit of rainwater harvesting and treatment (EURHT) with emphasis on the treatment by filtration in two different filters: sand plus activated carbon of açaí seed (mixed) and activated carbon of açaí seed. The research was developed in three steps: 1) installation of the two filters and characterization of the filter composition; 2) rainwater quality monitoring of EURHT, considering the variables: apparent color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total alkalinity, total coliforms and E.coli, and the investigation of the presence of microorganisms in the tank; 3) evaluation of the costs involved in the implementation of the system, considering two filtration alternatives. The sand had effective diameter of 0.62mm, uniformity coefficient of 1.42 and specific gravity of 2,632 kg/m3. Activated carbon had an effective diameter of 1.8mm, coeficiente uniformity of 0.58, a humidity of 2.10%, and density of 0.358 g/cm3. Activated carbon filter had a flow rate of 0.35 m³/h, higher than the mixed filter (0.20 m³/h), even as the filtration rate was higher (34.26 m³/m2.d) and the Mixed filter of 19.19 m³/m2.d. The roof contributed to rainwater quality degradation, increasing the values of apparent color, turbidity, electrical conductivity and total alkalinity in relation to atmospheric water, which was already expected; The self-cleaning didn’t had a proptious performance, because there was increase in the variables value apparent color, turbidity, total coliforms and E. Coli in relation to water collected after the roof; The tank was the part of system that best contributed to the improvement of rainwater quality, because there was a decrease in the variables value apparent color, turbidity and electrical conductivity in relation to water after self-cleaning; The mixed filter and the activated carbon filter didn’t had a proptious performance, because decrease the water quality arriving from the tank for all variables. The mixed filter get better results than activated carbon filter. The mixed filter was also the best financial alternative in the system. In the tank were found about 7 different microorganisms, between them: zooplankton, algae frustules and fungal spores. EURHT didn’t produce rainwater for drinking purposes, because there were pathogenic microorganisms, besides values of variables above the limit of the ordinance 2914 (BRASIL, 2011), and there is a requirement for disinfection at end of the treatment process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da utilização de comporta em eventos extremos de precipitação pluviométrica e de maré no canal de drenagem da Tamandaré
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-24) NYLANDER, João Diego Alvarez; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Hydrodynamic simulation of the impact of flood events in urban drainage channel caused by coincidence of rainfall and tidal oscillations. The study area was Tamandaré drainage basin, located in the central region of the city of Belém / PA. The research was developed in three stages. Initially, the main information related to the management of rainwater in the basin was investigated, obtaining topography, hydrological data and the drainage system. Then, in the SWMM 5.0 software, 14 simulations of runoff scenarios were carried out in the macrodrainage structure, considering: a) rainfall, lasting 1.5 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h; b) tide, high and low tide conditions; and c) rainfall + tide. Finally, new simulations were performed with the use of floodgate in the scenarios that presented floods. With the research, it was verified that the contribution area of the Tamandaré basin is smaller than the one presented in official sources, as well as intense rainfall, high tidal levels and flooding of roads. With the results of the simulations, it was verified that the capacity of the Tamandaré channel is sufficient to leak the precipitated volumes and low tide volumes separately. However, when the high tide is above 3.39 m flood occurs, situation aggravated in coincidence with rainfall. The highest flood magnitude occurred during rain of 6 h and high tide reaching 3.44m, generating a water level up to 1.07 m above the ground in the roads near the Tamandaré channel. In spite of the use of the dam, flood events were also observed, with the worst situation occurring during 12 h rain and high tide, forming a water level of up to 0.69 m above the ground. Therefore, the floodgate application must be complemented by other technical devices for containment and / or pumping the surplus volume of rainwater, to avoid the occurrence of floods in the coincidence of intense rainfall and high tide events in this drainage channel of the densely occupied urban area of the municipality of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de dano ambiental: aplicação de um índice de qualidade em um vazadouro a céu aberto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-05) CONCEIÇÃO, Mário Marcos Moreira da; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
The objective of this research was the adequacy and application of a waste landfill quality index (IQAR) as a management tool for the open-air dump in the municipality of Castanhal-PA. For this, a socio-environmental diagnosis was carried out in the research area, in the Urban Solid Waste (USW) management and management system in Castanhal-PA and in the recycling companies in the municipality. A simple checklist was applied to identify the potential socioenvironmental damage resulting from the inadequate disposal of USW in the open-air dump, to the secretariats linked to sanitation in the municipality, collectors and the community of the agrovila Boa Vista. To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the environmental damage generated, the Global Damage Index (IGD) was applied. In order to determine the IQAR, the results obtained were analyzed and interpreted, for later framing the open-air spillway under adequate or inadequate conditions. The indices that make up the IQAR refer to the characteristics of the location, infrastructure implemented and operational conditions. According to the data obtained, the secretariats sampled have flaws due to the lack of elaboration, monitoring, evaluation and updating of the municipal Master Plan, which is expressed by the lack of information on issues related to the leak or projects in progress. The data obtained indicated that the Directly Affected Area (ADA) and the limits used for the disposal of MSW correspond to an area of 54 hectares. Irregularities and the lack of technical criteria in the forms of final disposal of USW and tailings at the ADA are the main factors that promote socio-environmental damage. As for the most significant environmental damages in the ADA, according to the sampling of collectors, they refer to the possibility of pollution/contamination of the soil (100%) by the inadequate disposal of waste and tailings from the various commercial and industrial activities of the municipality, burning of waste (64%), deforestation (52%), water contamination (86%) and air pollution (34%). After an analysis carried out in loco, the community Boa Vista was identified as an Area of Direct Influence (AID), approximately 1km from the spillway, the extensions of the water bodies, due to constant problems related to contamination/pollution from the runoff of surface water and groundwater that can take different directions, and the unpleasant odor by the predominant direction of the winds towards that community. The data obtained to identify the socioenvironmental damages in the dump, from the application of the IGD referring to the indicators of the physical environment, indicators of the biotic and abiotic environment and of the operational conditions, indicated that all the items listed suffer damages of direct and indirect order, with emphasis on infrastructure implemented (-0.50), water (-0.51), fauna (-0.63) and flora (-0.59). Thus, the general value of the IGD (-0.44) shows the precarious conditions of all the indicators evaluated, with damages ranging from -0.33 (operating conditions) to -0.63 (fauna). The results obtained with the application of the IQAR for the characterization of the structural, operational aspects of the locational aspects of the Castanhal-PA open-air dump, indicated alarming conditions in all indicators with predominant assessments referring to inadequate, absent or insufficient conditions. According to the methodology of CETESB (2020), with the value of the IQAR (0.4), the open-air dump in Castanhal-PA has inadequate operating conditions. In order to minimize the damages diagnosed, it is necessary, from the beginning, to know the characteristics of the waste produced in that municipality, the gravimetric composition and, as a matter of urgency, an adequate system of final disposal of MSW must be implemented with: licensing of the activity, delimitation of the area, physical fencing with screens, inspection and periodic maintenance of the site and access roads.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do comportamento e da tendência pluviométrica na Amazônia Legal no período de 1986 a 2015
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-15) LIRA, Bruna Roberta Pereira; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
Amazonia awaken interest in the scientific environment because it is the largest rainforest in the world, due great water and solar energy availability, fundamental for regional and global climate regulation. In this context, this research analyzes the behavior of the annual and seasonal rainfall in Legal Amazon over 30 years (1986 to 2015), throught data from 268 rainfall stations available in the hydrometeorological network (HidroWeb) of the National Water Agency (ANA), in order to contribute a water resources management and planning in this region. The spatial and temporal dynamics from precipitation were analyzed through isoietas maps over interpolation of linear ordinary kriging, the average precipitation estimation by the isoietas method and the estimation about volume precipitated by the contour method. Regionalization was analyzed using Ward's hierarchical clustering method and trend as well as magnitude by the Mann Kendall and Sen's non-parametric tests, respectively. The results indicate annual mean precipitation of 2,070 mm, corresponding to 5.67 mm/day, however there is a wide variation in the increasing spatial pluviometric behavior from the south towards the north and also temporal variation, both in the interannual and in the seasonal. Through annual precipitation regionalization as well as latitude and longitude geographic coordinates, three regions show the different pluviometric patterns with variations in mean precipitation, with the south region average of 1,733 mm / year, east of 1561 mm / year and north of 2,390 mm/year, and coincides with the main atmospheric operating systems. As in the regionalization of the monthly precipitation, it was observed that the seasonal behavior varied quite well between the regions, as shown by the climatological normal, from rainy periods, transition periods and less rainfall. Statistical tests indicate both positive and negative trends and magnitudes for annual and monthly precipitation, statistically significant for the significance level of 5%. However, an average rate of 5 mm per year in the study area is estimated. Therefore, it is concluded that the pluviometric behavior is not homogeneous, influenced by atmospheric systems and phenomena, mainly by the La Niña and El Niño strong events. Traditional, three homogeneous regions demonstrate the main pluviometric parameters, but the more similar regions indicate a larger number of homogeneous regions, since it is an extensive region with a wide variety of pluviometric water. Where changes are crucial and can not be pluviometric, they can become hydrological and climatic hazards.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do consumo e da despesa de energia elétrica no estudo de concepção de sistema de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-25) FERREIRA, Jorge Fernando Hungria; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The definition of the Water Supply Systems (WSS) design is an important stage in the municipalities planning, since it has a direct impact in the implementation, operation and maintenance costs, and, as a consequence, in the economic sustainability of water supply companies. Thus, in the present research were studied alternatives of WSS design to the urban area Castanhal, considering the values of electricity energy consumption and operational cost in the period 2017-2037. The research was divided in three stages, being in the first characterized the Castanhal WSS (that uses underground water). After that, two alternatives of WSS design with raw water abstraction were analyzed and dimensioned. In the third stage, simulation was performed in the EPANET 2.0 Software to compare the consumption and cost of electric energy in the operational routines of WSS design alternatives. In the research, 14 WSS’s were identified in the Castanhal urban area, with capture in 46 shallow wells and 13 deep wells and with water treatment and reservation problems, attending only 28.36% of the urban population and 47.86% of loss index in distribution water. The WSS design alternatives were with superficial abstraction of raw water, one from Guamá river and another from Inhangapi river; with treatment and distribution of 64,293 m³/d to attend 270,935 inhabitants in 2037; and with operational routine to minimize pumping at peak time. After the dimensioning of WSS units and the simulations in the EPANET 2.0 software, 21,600,000 data were systematized, being 10,972,800 of water flow, 9,676,800 of manometric height and 950,400 of water level. With the results of the 2017 simulation, it was verified that the CE and DE values of the Guamá WSSs (0.53 kWh/m³ and 0.29 R$/m³) and Inhangapi (0.48 kWh/m³ and 0.26 R$/m³) were lower than the Actual WSS values (0.83 kWh/m³ and 0.35 R$/m³). In the results of the 2037 simulations of electricity consumption and cost, the best hydroenergetic performance of Inhangapi WSS (988,280 kWh/month and R$ 2.816.629,91/month) was verified in comparison with Guamá WSS (1,108,260 kWh/month and R$ 3.144.285,08/month), consuming at peak time 0.91% (10,112 kWh/month) in Guamá WSS and 1.01% (9,959 kWh/month) in Inhangapi WSS of total electricity consumption. Considering the present value of the accumulated electric energy cost in the project horizon, Inhangapi WSS (R$ 98.987.348,36) had savings of R$ 10.419.463,93 (9.52%) in relation to Guamá WSS (R$ 109.406.812,29), reason for the Inhangapi WSS to be defined as the best design alternative to universalization of water supply in the urban area of Castanhal in the period from 2017 to 2037.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do desempenho hidroenergético do sistema de abastecimento de água Utinga – Bolonha – Setor Guanabara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) DUARTE, Cinthya Karen Assunção do Rosário; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Analyze the Hydroenergetic Efficiency in Water Supply Systems. The research was carried out in three stages, having as study area the Guanabara sector of SAA Utinga - Bologna, located in the municipality of Ananindeua / PA. Initially, operational and commercial data were obtained in technical documents and field visits were carried out. Then, the data collected were systematized and detailed by unit and group of units, as recommended by Pereira and Condurú (2014). In the last step, the SWOT matrix was used to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to hydroenergy efficiency in the Guanabara sector. In the results it was verified that much of the volume of pumped water is lost in leaks and / or clandestine connections or routed to other areas. It was also verified the great consumption of electric energy in the CMBs in the peak times of charging, which raises expenses and reduces the hydroenergetic efficiency in the Guanabara sector. With the SWOT analysis, it was possible to observe that, even in the current unfavorable scenario, the SAA Utinga - Bologna - Sector Guanabara can reach adequate hydroenergetic sustainability index, provided that actions are implemented in the internal environments and the opportunities in the external environment are taken advantage of. In the research it was observed that the detail of the data is important, as well as that the SWOT matrix can be used for the analysis of the hydroenergetic efficiency of water supply systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do licenciamento ambiental de grandes projetos de saneamento básico na Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-22) COSTA FILHO, Felipe Antonio Melo da; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The procedures of the environmental licensing process of four major basic sanitation projects carried out in the last 15 years and directly or indirectly affected or affected with a quality of life of over 100,000 inhabitants of the Belém Metropolitan Region were taxed. The methodology was divided into three stages, starting with a selection of basic sanitation ventures. In the second stage, the evaluation criteria were identified and systematized observing the current legislation and the technical-scientific literature. In the last stage, they were evaluated and classified as the effectiveness of the licensing processes in the competent environmental agency. The projects selected and analyzed were the projects of the Tucunduba Drainage Channel, Bologna Water Treatment Plant, Marituba Waste Processing and Processing Plant and UNA Sewage Treatment Plant. The environmental impact assessments applied in the four projects were consistent and adequate, regarding the effectiveness rating, the Bologna Water Treatment Plant process was rated as good, Marituba Waste Processing and Processing Plant and the Tucunduba Drainage Channel as regular and the UNA Sewage Treatment Plant had the worst result about the effectiveness of the environmental licensing process. In a survey, it was observed that compliance with legal standards occurs, despite the difficulties applied by the current project evaluation system, such as the lack of more technicians in the environmental agencies, lack of standardization of projects for small projects and small supervision. in the implementation and operation stages of the activities. There was also a long period of environmental analysis of the projects. Finally, it was selected that there is a need to improve or access the technical information and documents of the licensing processes of 4 projects, or that hinders the monitoring and participation of the directly affected population in the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidrológica das sub bacias hidrográficas do Rio Negro e Rio Solimões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-02) NEVES, Raisa Rodrigues; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The hydrological characterization of a river basin is of extreme importance for the adequate accomplishment of the management of the water resources, as well as for the planning of activities that suffer interference of the oscillations of variables like rainfall and flow. The sub-basins of Rio Negro and Rio Solimões stand out in the sub-basins of the Legal Amazon because they present great contributions in terms of flow to the Amazon River, with average discharge of approximately 32,000 m³ / s and 100,000 m³ / s, besides having good Spatialization of rainfall and fluviometric stations throughout their areas. This research consists in the hydrological characterization of these sub basins with the use of 31 years of precipitation data (1984-2014) and in the evaluation of the rainfall behavior as a function of the flow to identify the lag periods between the maximum rainfall and flow Stations. For this, information from ANA's National Hydrological Information System (Hidroweb) and ArcGis 10.1 software was used to carry out the necessary surveys. After obtaining the results, it was verified that the Solimões River sub-basin presented better flow monitoring than the Rio Negro sub-basin, however, the pluviometric records presented better monitoring in the Rio Negro area, despite all The rainfall stations presented failures. To fill these gaps, the Regional Weighting Method with Linear Regression was used. After acquisition of this information, isoietas maps were elaborated by the Linear Ordinary Kriging interpolator, being possible to calculate the water slides and the precipitated volume in each region. Ward's hierarchical method was used to create homogeneous rainfall regions in the delimitations selected in this study, and it is possible to identify areas with higher and lower rainfall indices in the maps elaborated with the use of the Linear and Inverse Ordinary Linear Kriging interpolator (IDW); In addition, the sensitivity analysis done every 5 years allowed us to infer that there was little rainfall variation over the 31 years studied, so data from the most recent 5 years (2010-2014) are able to represent all the information in the series Of this study. The temporal variation of the precipitation was analyzed annually, being possible to verify that the ENOS phenomenon is related to the pluviometric behavior of the two areas, occurring increase of the pluviometric indices in years of La Niña and reduction in years of El Niño, however, it is not possible That this phenomenon is the main enhancer of these variations. The Mann-Kendall and Spearman tests were used to evaluate trends in the time series for 31 years of rainfall data, considering a significance level of 5%, in which there was no trend or abrupt variations in the data series. To evaluate the relationship between rainfall and flow, simple hydrograms were elaborated, with the ordinate axis composed of rainfall and flow data in mm and the abscissa axis, composed by the time series, in years. This analysis allowed to verify that there is similarity in the behavior of the stations depending on their specialization along the sub basins, which presented higher pluviometric indexes between the months of December to June, in some cases prologando up to the month of August.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Concreto reforçado com fibras de bambu (Dendrocalamus Giganteus)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-14) FERNANDES, Robson da Silva; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-1229
Vegetable fibers appear as an alternative to manufacture structural elements in relation to metal and synthetic fibers that have high costs, also causing pollution to the environment due to their manufacturing process. This study analyzes the results of mechanical tests of a fiber reinforced concrete of bamboo bark (Dendrocalamus Giganteus), for use in cementitious plates, obtained experimentally in cylindrical and prismatic specimens according to ABNT standards and international recommendations. Composite traces were determined by means of a pilot study, 1: 2.12: 2.88: 0.58 using the CP-IV pozzolanic cement. The experimental program consisted of a 25 MPa Fck reference concrete and three dosages corresponding to 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% by volume of bamboo fiber to the concrete mass, forming four dosages in total. After curing, according to NBR 5738 (2003), prismatic specimens were tested for flexural tensile strength according to NBR 12142 (2010) / JSCE-SF4 (1984) and cylindrical specimens to evaluate the strength. from CRB to axial compression, according to NBR 5739 (2018), to diametric compression tensile, according to NBR 7222 (2011) and static modulus of elasticity, according to NBR 8522 (2008). In the axial compression test the presence of bamboo did not provide an increase of resistance in relation to the reference concrete. However for the tensile and flexural strength, the mixing with the addition of bamboo fiber generated a strength gain of 7% and 9%, respectively, compared to the concrete without addition. It can be concluded that insertion of fiber from bamboo bark increases the tensile strength of the composite.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição à classificação de pequenas bacias hidrográficas em função da área de drenagem
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-25) SANTANA, Laila Rover; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The adoption of an area value to define large, medium or small river basins should take into account the various processes involved in the basin behavior. In small basins, rainfall-flow conversion phenomena are described using simpler techniques. In order to classify small river basins according to their drainage areas, the main objective of this study was to identify and classify the small basins of the Amazon using a simple linear model (MLS). The model is applied to the rainfall and flow data from selected test basins in order to verify the linearity between these variables. The MLS used in this study is based on a linear and time invariant system that establishes a cause and effect relationship between rainfall and flow data. The performance of the model was evaluated through the RMS (square root of the mean square error), and from the results, small hydrographic basins were classified as a function of the drainage area. The method of Otto Pfafstetter is applied searching to identify at what level of codification are found only small river basins. The results indicated that in the basins with drainage areas less than or equal to 620 km², the adjustment between the observed and simulated flow duration curves was higher, presenting RMS values below 3 m³ / s. In the basins with dimensions over 620 km ², the RMS results exceeded 4 m³ / s, and the flow duration curves did not present a good fit, demonstrating that the MLS fails when applied to the hydrological data of these basins. Thus, the small hydrographic basins of the Amazon were classified with areas of drainage less or equal to 620 km ². The Ottocoding method was applied until level 9, where 51,319 ottobacias were delimited, all classified as small basins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição à Regionalização de Vazão Mínima de Referência na Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-25) BARROS, Calina Grazielli Dias; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
Studies aimed at knowledge flows in ungauged sites, are of great importance in hydrology, because almost always the hydrometric network does not cover all areas of interest. Therefore, it is necessary to use techniques that allow the transfer of local information monitored for ungauged sites. In this context, this paper proposes mathematical models to determine the remaining flow in the Amazon, using the regionalization method of flow. The methodology was based on the minimum flow Q95% obtained from the flow duration curve plotted based on the Weibull equation, in addition to morphoclimatic characteristics of river basins, such as the drainage area (A), average annual precipitation (P) and the river length (L). The data used for regionalization belong to six hydrologically homogeneous groups analyzed in the study. With this information, and in order to define which explanatory variables (A, P and L) would be part of the models to be applied, the multi-colinearity test was performed. Thus, taking the result of the previous test, the mathematical models of regionalization of the minimum reference flow Q95% were constructed through multiple regression models (linear, potential, exponential and logarithmic).In the first analysis, the performance values (mean absolute percentage errors, determination coefficients, adjusted coefficient of determination) were unsatisfactory. For this reason, it was chosen to divide the hydrologically homogeneous groups according to the interval with the same order of magnitude of areas and flows. In this way, the results obtained in the adjustment of the models presented a better performance, which can be verified by the average absolute error below 13.78% in all groups. The models that obtained the best performance were selected for the validation, observing in this way, that the linear model was the one that presented the best results for nine of the groups and subgroups tested, standing out also the potential and logarithmic models, that simulated six of the subgroups each.Thus, from the regional equations that presented good results, both in the adjustment and in the validation, we can obtain the flow rate Q95%, in a basin without flow data according to the homogeneous regions or groups determined in the study, having as data of The physical and climatic characteristics of this basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação entre índice de qualidade da água e usos múltiplos na bacia hidrográfica do igarapé da Prata, Capitão Poço/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-06) RODRIGUES, Rodrigo Silvano Silva; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
Water quality indicators are important tools for the summary and generation of solid foundations about water resources degradation. The Water Quality Index of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (WQI-CETESB) is the main water quality index used in Brazil. In relation between water quality and degradation in drainage basins, it is common to associate multiple uses of soil and water. This research correlates the WQI-CETESB to multiple uses of water and soil at three collection sites in the Prata catchment, located in the municipality of Capitão Poço / PA, about 154 km east of Belém / PA. It is a rural area in northeast Pará with intense agricultural activities. It was carried out eighteen campaigns with twenty-three collections, being that are twelve ones in the rainy season and eleven ones in the less rainy season. The index was calculated from the analysis of its nine parameters: turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, pH, temperature and thermotolerant coliforms. The descriptive statistics was applied to synthesize the obtained data. The morphometry of the drainage areas of the collection sites was analyzed in order to understand the influence of these physical characteristics on the water quantity and quality. Soil use and coverage were mapped using georeferencing tools. The association between WQI-CETESB results and multiple uses was verified by checking the variables with the greatest influence on the value obtained for the index. Based on the WQI-CETESB, the water quality in the Prata catchment ranges between the categories Fair and Good. The values obtained in the majority did not present significant variations for the different periods (rainy and less rainy). The descriptive statistics proved to be efficient for the analysis of the results obtained from WQI-CETESB. The morphometric analysis of the drainage areas showed that the shape and the topography are not factors that impact the water quantity and quality in the catchment. The mapping of soil use and coverage and activities related to multiple uses of water, showed to be efficient as an aid in the visualization of local dynamics. The variables that most influenced the results were thermotolerant coliforms, pH, DO, BOD and total phosphorus, with representativeness associated to the three collection sites studied. The main sources of pollution raised by the mapping are strongly related to the results obtained. Targets for quality improvement and mitigation measures should be established with the aim of reducing local water degradation.