Teses em Geofísica (Doutorado) - CPGF/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2357

O Doutorado Acadêmico pertente a o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica (CPGF) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
DesG: uma nova metodologia para intervenção e coleta de dados magnetotelúricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08-29) SILVA, Lúcia Maria da Costa e; SILVA, João Batista Corrêa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1870725463184491
This thesis presents two contributions to magnetotelluric data interpretation. The first one is a new MT inversion method, named Geologic-Descriptive Method (DesG) because it explicitly incorporates a priori information, keeping a close correspondence with the standard description of geological features. The user defines by means of geometric elements (points and axes) the skeleton of geological features, and establishes a priori values for the resistivity of the assumed geological bodies. The method estimates the resistivity distribution in the subsurface, which are closest to the specified geometric elements and produce an acceptable fit to the observations. The analysis of an obtained solution may help in modifying the a priori outline for the sources, allowing, in this way, that successive inversions be performed until the solution fit the data and make geological sense. Among the attractive features of the presented method are: (i) the anomalous sources may present a resistivity larger or smaller than the resistivity of the host rocks, (ii) several host rocks, enclosing or not anomalous sources, may be crossed by the traverse, and (iii) the resistivity contrast between the anomalous source and the host rock may be either abrupt or gradational. Tests on synthetic data reveal, among other relevant features, excellent results in estimating the attitudes of variable-dip faults, which are of particular importance in regional tectonic studies, and in delineating diabase sills within sedimentary basins, which represent a severe obstacle in oil prospecting. The method also allows the joint interpretation of the target sources and the sources causing static shift. Tests using data from COPROD2 shows a estimative of the resistivity distribution in agreement with the geological knowledge about the area. The second contribution relates to the design of geophysical experiment. By means of several indicators, particularly the density information matrix, it is shown that one can access the theoretical resolution of the data, which guides the explorationist in carrying out a survey design. The survey design optimization allows determining the most suitable observation locations and periods to produce a more precise delineation of sources, whose locations are approximately known.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Imageamento homeomórfico de refletores sísmicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1994-10-06) CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; HUBRAL, Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7703430139551941
This thesis presents a new technique for seismic stacking called homeomorphic imaging, which is applicable to the imaging of seismic reflectors in a bidimensional, inhomogeneous and isotropic medium. This new technique is based on ray geometrical approximation and topological properties of reflection surfaces. For this purpose the concepts of wavefront, incidence angle, radius and caustic of wavefront and ray trajetory are used. Considering a circle as the geometrical approximation of the wavefront in propagation, it is possible to define diferent homeomorphic imaging methods, depending on processing configuration. In this way, the following methods are possible: 1) Common Source (Receiver) Element (CS(R)E), which relate to a set of seismograms with a single source (receiver) and a real reflected wavefront is considered; 2) Common-Reflecting-Element (CRE), which relate to a set of seismograms with a single reflection point and a wavefront hipotetically generated in the same reflection point is considered; 3) Common Evolute Element (CEE), which relate to a set of seismograms with each pair of source and geophone located in the same point on the seismic line and a wavefront hipothetically generated in the curvature center of the reflector is considered. In the first method is obtained a stacked seismic section using arbitrary central rays. In the last two methods the result is a zero-offset seismic section. These methods give also other two sections called radiusgram and anglegram, the latter being emergence angles and the former radii of wavefront in the moment that it reaches the observational surface. The seismic stacking is made using a local correction-time applied to the travel time of a ray that leaves the source, and after reflection, is registered as a primary reflection at a geophone, in relation to the reference time which is the travel time of the central ray. The formula used for the temporal correction depends on the radius, the emergence angle of the wavefront and the velocity which is considered constant near the seismic line. It is possible to show that in this new technique the registered signal is not submitted to stretch effects as a consequence of the temporal correction, furthermore there is no problem with reflector point dispersal as a consequence of dip reflectors, in contrast with the techniques that are based on NMO/DMO. In addition, considering that no a prori knowledge of a macromodel is necessary but the velocity near the seismic line, the homeomorphic imaging can be applied to inhomogeneous models without losing the strictness of the formulation.

Navegar

Navegando Teses em Geofísica (Doutorado) - CPGF/IG por Agência de fomento "DAAD - Serviço Alemão de Intercâmbio Acadêmico / Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdiens"