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Dissertações em Doenças Tropicais (Mestrado) - PPGDT/NMT

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3559

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das manifestações emocionais e motoras de ribeirinhos expostos ao mercúrio na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-19) COSTA JUNIOR, José Maria Farah; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268
Introduction: The investigation of impacts clinico-neurological associated with exposure to mercury levels in exposed populations are necessary in the Amazon. Objective: To analyze the emotional and motor manifestations of riparian exposed by diet in the municipalities of Itaituba/PA and Acara/PA. Method: Hair samples were collected for the determination of total Hg, obtaining of demographic data and emotional symptomatology (depression, anxiety and insomnia) and motors (paresthesia, muscle weakness, imbalance when walking, tremor, pain in the limbs and dysarthria). Results: There was a prevalence of females in both municipalities, as well as a higher frequency of women of reproductive age. The median concentration of total mercury (HgT) in Itaituba was significantly higher (p <0.0001) than in Acará. The emotional manifestations were identified in 26 (26,5%) participants from Itaituba and in 24 (52,2%) in Acará. With regard to the specific motor complaints in Itaituba occurred in 63 (64,3%) volunteers, with pain in the limbs (36,7%), paresthesia (32,6%) and muscle weakness (27,5%) the most frequently mentioned. In Acara, 33 (71,7%) participants had motor manifestations with the highest number of complaining of paresthesia (54,3%), pain in the limbs (52,2%) and tremor (34,8%). The average concentrations of HgT those with emotional manifestations, with motor manifestations and emotional and motor manifestations were above the considered tolerable (6μg/g) by the World Health Organization in Itaituba Conclusion: The results revealed the influence of the exposure levels about the emotional and motor manifestations. The monitoring with the application of qualitative and/or quantitative conventional specific tests are needed to better support and control cases, as well as the investigation of other clinical signs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade antiplasmodial e modelagem molecular de novas chalconas e derivados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) PEREIRA, Glaécia Aparecida do Nascimento; RIBEIRO, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814854098256062; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978
Malaria is an infection caused by Plasmodium sp. and It can be serious, if not treated precociously. It affects significant fraction of humanity and has profound health impact worldwide. It is estimated that 3.3 billion people are exposed to the risk of transmission. One of the problems of the infection is the growing emergence of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs. In this context, studies are needed to develop new alternative chemotherapy. Many substances, such as the chalcones, have had their antiplasmodial activity proven. However, the physicochemical properties of these molecules, which are important for biological actions, are not well established. In this work, molecular modeling was performed and the antiplasmodial activity was evaluated of two chalcones (HBR1, and LH2) and four derivatives of chalcones (GH3, IV4, LCH1, and LCH3). For that, we determined the drug concentration inhibitory of 50% of the growth of P. falciparum in vitro as well as the physicochemical properties of derivatives of chalcones as HOMO, LUMO, electrostatic potential, C log P, hydration energy, polarizability and molecular volume through virtual calculations. The results of the calculated values were correlated with the biological activity in order to identify chemical parameters that can influence the antiplasmodial action. The inhibitory concentrations in 50% of the growth of P. falciparum ranged from 0,2 to 1,7 M, and these values were smaller than described them in the literature. The study of the correlation between the biological activities and the physicochemical properties showed determinating parameters for the biological activity, as LUMO, electrostatic potential, C log P and hydration energy, which may help in the selection of molecules more active against P. falciparum. Thus, these molecular properties can be used in the rational planning of new chalcones and/or derivatives with antiplasmodial activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos de miltefosina, orizalina e TC95 no crescimento de Entamoeba histolytica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) ALVARENGA, Betânia Mara; BATISTA, Evander de Jesus Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2206444845201080
Amebiasis is characterized as a chronic, noninflammatory, afebrile which involves the colon wall and can invade the intestinal mucosa and spread to other organs, especially the liver. Entamoeba histolytica infection is treated with metronidazole, but this one presents side effects, so researches have been done to find more effective drugs with no adverse effects to the patient. In addition, testing new drugs may reveal important features of the parasite, such as the discovery of metabolic pathways or possible differences in their structure. In the present study, it was tested the amoebicidal effect of metronidazole, dinitroaniline oryzalin, a microtubule inhibitor, miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine, that inhibits the membrane phospholipids syntesis, and TC95, a hybrid drug that presents the functional groups dinitroaniline and alkylphosphocholine. It was performed a culture with protozoan trophozoites, where the drugs and the control with diluents were added after 7 hours of culture. It was made a count of the viable trophozoites 12 hours after the addition of the drugs and the control at intervals of 12 to 60 hours. After analyzing the growth curves, it was found that the TC95 was the most effective drug of the three treatments, miltefosine had little inhibition and oryzalin was not effective. This is due to greater susceptibility of the parasite to membrane damage, with little effectiveness on microtubules inhibition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características epidemiológicas relativas à doença dental e infecção por Helicobacter pylori na cavidade oral de estudantes em Belém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MATOS, Gyselly de Cássia Bastos de; CORVELO, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7253864056606024
The infection by Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common in humans and despite having tropism by stomach, can be found in the oral cavity, maintaining a commensal relationship with the host, while dental caries is also an infectious disease and results from the metabolism of the bacterial plaque. Both infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, since these populations are more exposed to environmental risk factors, and are usually acquired during childhood. The prevalence of these infections was investigated in the oral cavity of school children with no symptoms of gastric diseases, from a population of Belém-Pa, in relation to some parameters of oral hygiene and health, socioeconomic conditions and genetic susceptibility factors like the ABO and Lewis blood groups. Were investigated 104 patients, with average age of 17 years. Of all the participants were collected saliva samples and dental plaque. Saliva was collected to identify the ABO and Lewis state secretor and estimation of salivary parameters, and both, saliva and plaque samples were collected for molecular analysis of 16S rRNA genes of H. pylori and FUT2. H. pylori was detected in 79.8% of the students, with a frequency of 66.35% in dental plaque and 58.65% in saliva. The caries prevalence was 82.8% in the population studied. The clinical evaluation of oral health showed that the average CPO-D found was 3.53. It was observed that the caries experience tends to increase as in addition to age and the H. pylori infection was higher in early childhood. The education level and number of dentist visits showed significant differences in relation to the presence of H. pylori. The phenotypic distribution of ABO and Lewis blood groups did not differ significantly between infected and uninfected individuals, explaining there is greater genetic susceptibility to infection by H. pylori and dental caries. Throughout this analysis, the high frequencies found prove the need for care and treatment of dental diseases, such as caries and it is suggested that H. pylori in the oral cavity can contribute to infection and re-infection of the stomach after treatment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização das infecções por norovírus nas hospitalizações pediátricas por gastrenterite na cidade de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-20) SIQUEIRA, Jones Anderson Monteiro; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579859438466504
The Norovirus (NoVs), Caliciviridae family, is related with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all ages groups. Its importance as cause of outbreaks have been confirmed, which occur mainly indoors. Its transmission is mainly by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water and food, and person to person contact. The disease usually is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of NoVs as pathogen associated with hospital admissions of children with AGE in Belém, Pará. The collection of fecal specimens occurred from May 2008 to April 2011, being only tested the samples with negative results for rotavirus. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used for NoVs detection. The samples with positive results by EIA and negative by RT-PCR, were submitted to the semi-nested RT-PCR, and the ones with remain negative, were tested by the real-time PCR. A total of 483 samples were analyzed with a positivity of 35.4% (171/483). Adopting the RT-PCR as the reference method, the EIA had a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 93.4% with excellent reproducibility between them (kappa = 0.8, p <0.0001). The 22 samples positive only by EIA were tested first by semi-nested RT-PCR and after by real-time PCR, with a positivity of 63.6% (14/22) and 75% (6/8), respectively. The partial nucleotide sequencing of ORF1 region demonstrated the presence of GII.4d (80.8%-42/52), GII.7 (7.7%-4/52) and GII.b (11.5%-6/52) genotypes. Sequencing was performed in 64.3% (9/14) of the samples positive only by semi-nested RT-PCR, also corresponding to ORF1, which 55.6% (5/9) were classified as GII.4d and 44.4% (4/9) as GII.b. Of the six samples classified as GII.b, five were characterized as GII.3 when sequenced with primers specifics for the capsid region, suggesting the possibility of recombinants samples. A higher infection rate was observed in children under 2 years of age (90.1%-154/171) and the main symptoms were vomiting (95.8%-137/143) and dehydration (94.4%-118/25), considering the diarrhea was an inclusion criterion. Most infected children had more than 9 days of diarrhea (41.2%), 4 evacuations per day (43.9%) and more than 5 episodes of vomiting (90%) during hospitalization. Regarding seasonality, three peaks of positivity were observed in September and October 2008 (63.6%), and in February 2010 (62.1%). Any correlation with the climatic parameters of rainfall, humidity and temperature was demonstrated. This study confirmed the importance of NoVs as viral enteropathogen associated with AGE among hospitalized children in Belém, imposing the necessity of an active surveillance, in order to avoid possible morbidity caused by this virus in childhood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de espécies de Leishmania isoladas de Flebotomíneos sp. de três ecótopos da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) DIAS JUNIOR, Manoel Guacelis de Sena; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The American cutaneous leishmaniasis (LTA) is an infectious disease, with a high frequency of zoonosis, endemic in the Amazon region, transmitted by sand flies of generous Psychodopygus and Lutzomyia. Serra dos Carajás, located in southeastern Pará, is widely exploited by extractive companies and as a result, the LTA would be transformed into a major health problem to workers because of the practice of deforestation and construction of roads for drainage of the ore. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural infection in the sand fly by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás region through the PCR. Catches of sandflies were held in three different areas, Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena, APA do Gelado and Tapirapé-Aquirí, with CDC-type of light traps and Shannon, during the night from the evening twilight. The sand flies captured were identified according to Young & Duncan, 1994, and frozen in N2. 5.947 sandflies were frozen, being 3.495 females and among these 550 specimens were tested. The extraction of DNA was performed using SDS and KOAc and it was precipitated with ethanol 96%. Subsequently, the PCR was performed by amplifying the mini-exon gene with the primers S1629 (5' GGGAATTCAATAWAGTACAGAAACTG 3') and S1630 (5' GGGAAGCTTCTGTACTWTATTGGTA 3'). The DNA of Leishmania was detected in 36 (6,5%) sand flies, 34 of subgenus Viannia detected in 30 Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus, three Lutzomyia whitmani and a Lutzomyia shawi. Two infections by Leishmania amazonensis was detected in Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus. Tapirapé - Aquirí, APA do Gelado and Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena showed high rates of natural infection in sand flies 6.54%, 5.96% and 7.92% respectively. Ps. wellcomei/complexus still presents as Leishmania vector that cause LTA. Studies on the power of vector species Lu. whitmani and Lu. shawi naturally infected by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás should be intensified, if these species may be acting in the cycle of transmission of LTA in Serra dos Carajás. Studies that best explain the variation of the prevalence of different sandflies species and knowledge of the rate of infections should be also intensified in Serra dos Carajás.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização epidemiológica, genotípica e fenotípica da criptococose em uma unidade de referência no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FURTADO, Karen Cristini Yumi Ogawa; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by an encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus genus that affects both humans and animals, and is considered as an opportunistic infection commonly associated with immunosuppression. This is one of human fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and in immunocompromised individuals and appears mainly in the form of meningoencephalitis. The aim of this study was to characterize epidemiological, genotypic and phenotypic cryptococcosis in a reference unit in the state of Pará. The target population was composed of patients treated at the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto/UFPA, January 2010 to December 2011 with laboratory confirmed diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Personal, clinical and laboratory data were collected from a review of medical records file HUJBB and the isolates were identified and characterized morphologically and biochemically. The type sexed and genotype were identified by PCR using specific primers. From January 2010 to December 2011 were identified 59 cases of cryptococcosis. Most patients were men (36/59, 61%), aged 5-70 years, mean 30.8 years. The predominant age group was 34-43 years (39% of cases). The main signs and symptoms presented by them were headache (85.5%), vomiting (80%) and fever (76.4%). All children (6/6) were HIV negative, and as the causative agent C. gattii (31.6%), while in adults 71.1% of infections were caused by C. neoformans, most HIV positive. The cases of death and recurrence were higher among patients infected with C. neoformans and the presence of sequelae was more frequent among patients infected with C. gattii. All isolates were MAT α and there was a predominance of two molecular types: VNI (64.4%) and VGII (35.6%). This study reinforces that the state of Pará is endemic to infection by Cryptococcus spp., Whose main clinical presentation, meningoencephalitis determines high rates of morbidity and mortality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização fenotípica de isolados de Cryptococcus gattii
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-25) MAGALHÃES, Mioni Thieli Figueiredo; MAGALHÃES, Luiz Marconi Fortes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6032076996211936; LAZÉRA, Márcia dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7911244508417625
Cryptococcus neoformans was described as human pathogen in 1894. Since then, studies about fungal aspects as biology, taxonomy, ecology and epidemiology have been developed with great importance to medicine and the environment. The fungus was recently classified in two separated species, C. neoformans (serotypes A, D and AD) and C. gattii (serotypes B and C) each one with well defined genetic and morphological features as well as ecology and epidemiology aspects. C. neoformans occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts, especially those infected by HIV. In the other hand, C. gattii infects mainly immunocompetents individuals to all lifetimes. The main factors determining the cryptococcosys pathogenesis have relations with the host defenses state, the size of particle and strain virulence, this last for four main features: the polyssacharide capsule, the melanin production, the mating types (MAT and MATa) and thermotolerance. The fungus has a transitory life cycle between haploid yeast form and dykariotic filamentous forms. The sexual cycles includes a mixture of genetic parental genes that form progenies containing the genetic characteristics of both. The asexual cycle occurs through a process know as haploid fruiting. The species are heterothallic with two mating types MAT and MATa. Phenotypic characterization studies, including the species identification, serotype and mating type have a great importance for conductions of profound studies because of the close relation between the ecological variants features and its development cycle and multiplication, especially in Brazilian regions North and Northeast where serotype B is the most prevalent cause of meningitis in ordinary hosts. This work used the CGB techniques for methabolic analysis (species identification), where 28 strains were positive, characterizing C. gattii and two were negative, characterizing C. neoformans. The serotyping results, make among agglutination test reveals 28 strains of serotype B and two of serotype A. The mating type was realized by PCR technique and all strains were MAT.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular de cepas do vírus respiratório sincicial isoladas de casos de infecção respiratória aguda na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil nos anos de 2000 a 2006
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-07-03) SANTOS, Mirleide Cordeiro dos; MELLO, Wyller Alencar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1784167608719139; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
The diseases of respiratory tract are the main complaints in the services of medical consultations, acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common manifestations, mainly in children under five years old. In developing countries ARI represent a serious problem of public health. Every year, ARI are responsible by about 2 million deaths all over the world. Among the infectious agents the Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important pathogen in infants and young children because of severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia that it may cause. With the objective to generate data on the molecular epidemiology of this virus, patients' clinical samples with ARI were analyzed during the period 2000 - 2006 in the city of Belém, Pará. Test of Indirect immunofluorescence (TIF) was used for antigenic characterization of isolated viruses and the RT-PCR for the genes encoders of the proteins G and F, that were partially sequenced. In the total period, 153 positive samples of RSV were analyzed. The age group 0-4 years showed the larger number of cases (90,19%). In relation to the seasonal profile, the pick of activity of RSV happened in the first six months of the year, being associated mainly to the period of change of the rainy season to a less rainy period. There was a co-circulation of the subgroups A and B in the years of 2001 and 2003. In 2000, 2005 and 2006 just the subgroup A was detected. However in the year of 2004 was only registered the occurrence of subgroup B. Inside the studied period, were detected different genotypes from the protein G of the subgroup A (GA2 and GA5) and of the subgroup B (SAB1 and SAB3) , indicating the first report about circulation of the genotype SAB1 in South America. In 2004, was found a differentiated cluster of the other circulating genotypes, being denominated BRB1. The analysis from gene encoder of the protein F allowed identification of mutations in the nucleotidic sequence that resulted in changes in the aminoacídica chain. This study represents the first report about the molecular epidemiology of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the North region of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica e antigênica do vírus Juruaçá, isolado de morcego no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) ARAÚJO, Tais Pinheiro de; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Juruaçá virus (BE AN 401933) was isolated from pooled organs of an unidentified bat captured during field work in Porto Trombetas, Oriximiná, Pará State, in 1982, and remains unclassified/ungrouped. The aims of this work were to classify Juruaçá virus in a viral taxon taking in account its morphological, physicochemical, antigenic and molecular properties, as well as, to describe the pathological alterations. This agent is pathogenic only for infant mice, and the animal’s death occurs with eight days post-inoculation. It’s not related to any of the arthropod borne viruses with which it has been tested by serological tests, such as complement fixation (CF) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Positive reactions were only observed with its homologous serum. Juruaçá virus is not sensitive to sodium desoxicolate and can hemagglutinate goose cells at pH 5.75. The virus didn’t show any cytophatic effect and immunofluorescence was negative in Vero and C6/36 cell lines, but it replicates in brain tissue primary culture cell line (astrocytes and microglias), confirmed by immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Culture of neuronal cells appears not to be infected by Juruaçá virus; however, infection of these cells was confirmed by imunohistochemistry. By transmission electron microscopy and negative stain, the virus is a spherical particle, with mean diameter of 23-30nm. Pathological alterations were observed mainly in the central nervous system of newborn mice experimentally infected with Juruaçá virus. The molecular results of RT-PCR suggest that Juruaçá virus is a possible new virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização sorológica e detecção molecular do HTLV em amostras de pacientes com distúrbios neurológicos no Estado do Pará, Brasil (1996-2005)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-07-07) LIMA, Telma Vitorina Ribeiro; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316632173870389
Human T-lymphotropic virus tipe 1 is recognized as the etiologic agent of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). A very similar clinical disease has been increasingly associated to HTLV-2, whose pathogenicity still requires further assessments. This transversal, retrospective epidemiological survey aimed to determine the prevalence of HTLV among individuals with neurological disturbances and further evaluate cases of inconclusive serology using molecular biology methods. The present study involved patients inhabitants of Pará State and/or admitted at health institutions of the and who were referred to the Virology Section of Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) by local doctors between January of 1996 and December 2005, to search for the presence of HTLV-1/2 serum antibodies. Of these patients 353 were selected, with age between 9 months and 79 years, who presented at least one signal or symptom of the Marsh’s Complex (1996), as well as had HTLV-1/2 positive serology at screening and confirmatory ELISA. The overall prevalence of HTLV antibodies by ELISA as 8,8% (31/353), with rates of 10,6% (19/179) and 6,9% (12/174) for female and male patients, respectively. Among HTLV-1/2 the 31 ELISA-positive patients it was noted that 15 (48.4%) of 31 had paresis (n = 8), parestesis (n = 5), and paraplegia (n = 3). Of these 31 HTLV ELISA positive patients, 25 could be submitted to WB for assessment of viral types, which were distributed as follow: 80% (20/25) were HTLV-1, 12% (3/25) were HTLV-2, one case was of HTLV-1+HTLV-2 infection (4%), and serum from one patient yielded an indeterminate profile (4%). Only 14 of these 25 patients could be re-localised for collection of an additional sample for molecular analysis. It was observed that 78.6% of samples typed by WB had the proviral TAX region successfully amplified by nested-PCR. In addition, types were confirmed as based on results obtained from the amplification of the POL region using real-time PCR; this denoted good specificity and sensitivity of the WB used in this study. The sample defined as HTLV-1+HTLV-2 infection by WB was amplified in its TAX region but real time PCR confirmed HTLV-1 infection only. The patient with WB indeterminate profile and one of samples typed as HTLV-2 by WB were amplified by nested-PCR but the real time PCR was negative for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in both samples. One patient presenting clinical manifestations of crural myalgia and parestesia with duration of about 7 years reacted HTLV-2-positive by both WB and real-time PCR, a denoting a clear HTLV-2- related chronic myelopathy. This study has identified a case of possible vertical transmission in two distinct situations: a patient whose mother presented antibodies for HTLV-1 by WB and two sisters who reacted HTLV-1-positive by WB and real-time PCR. Although of epidemiological relevance, results from this study warrant further and broader analyses concerning the molecular epidemiology of HTLV types and subtypes HTLV. In addition, a more complete clinical assessment of neurological symptoms should be further performed, in order to better characterise cases of HTLV-related chronic myelopathy in our region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação entre a avaliação clínica e o padrão de resposta imunológica periférica de pacientes acometidos por Paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao Vírus linfotrópico de celulas T humanas do tipo 1 (HTLV-1)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) DIAS, George Alberto da Silva; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an exogenous retrovirus that persistently infects 20–30 million people worldwide. This virus is etiologically related to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) a chronic disease of the central nervous system. The majority of HTLV-1-infected individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic carriers (ACs) of the virus. However, about 3-5% can develop ATL or HAM/TSP. The virus preferentially infects CD4+ T cells – main host cell of HTLV-1 – and rapidly induces cell activation and proliferation and expression of many host genes, including IFN-γ. The exact mechanism underlying these immunological and clinical events still remains unknown. In the current study, we evaluated the peripheral immune response and correlated with clinical symptoms like spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities, and gait abnormalities. 28 HTLV-1 infected patients were studied. Eight of them developed HAM/TSP and 20 were ACs. Total RNA was extracted from peripheric limphomononuclear cells using the TrizolR reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to quantify IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. Total RNA (1μg) of each sample was subjected to reverse transcription with Superscript III (Invitrogen). Real-time PCR was performed in StepOne Plus (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and signal detection was obtained with the Sybr Green reagent (Applied Biosystems). The amount of mRNA in the sample was expressed as the relative amount to the GAPDH and β-actin genes, according to the formula 2-ΔCT, where ΔCT is CTgene – CThousekeeping. The clinical symptoms of each patient were examined. Spasticity was assessed on the Modified Ashworth Scale, the weakness of the lower limb was measured using a manual scale, and the gait was given scores to the devices that assist in gait. The HAM/TSP patients showed higher expression of IFN-γ (Median: 2,9 x 10-3) than Acs (Median: 1,1 x 10-3), with p = 0,0710. The IFN-γ expression was positively correlated to spasticity (r = 0,2795), weakness (r = 0,6580) and gait (r = 0,7216). Interestingly, patients who need wheelchairs had a higher IFN-γ expression than those who don’t need wheelchair (p = 0,0371). The HAM/TSP patients showed higher Th1 response than ACs. The higher IFN-γ expression is correlated with the development and progression of the HAM/TSP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dano neural em Hanseníase: estudo transversal sob uma perspectiva clínica e imunológica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) BATISTA, Keila de Nazaré Madureira; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
The leprosy is a frequent cause of involvement of the peripheral nerves in our environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nerve damage in patients with leprosy through assessment simplified of the neural function and complications, electroneuromyography and to correlate with blood dosage of anti-NGF and clinical variables of the disease. In this work was done assessment simplified and dosage of title of anti-NGF in 46 patients and electroneuromyography in 12 patients, all these patients belonged to the department of dermatology of clinic of Dermatology's epidemiology of the Núcleo de Medicina Tropical/UFPA. The work showed in the evaluation of the nerve damage executed by assessment simplified, electroneuromyography and dosage of anti-NGF, occurs predominance of the damage in the variables: male, age between 15 to 45 years, pole lepromatosy, time of treatment over 2 years and presence of reaction; The presence of nerve damage was observed in 78% of patients, with some degree of disability, in the multibacillary form, with neuritis and reaction. In respect of the assessment by simplified technique with electroneuromyography there was little agreement and no disagreement. Titles of anti-NGF were present in all clinical forms, significant in MB, somewhat higher in patients with neuritis and minors in patients with reaction. There was no significance of the titles of anti-NGF among patients with nerve damage and without damage, in the motor amendment the paucibacillary patients had average higher than the multibacillary patients, and in the sensory changes the titles were higher in patients multibacillary compared with paucibacillary patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção da Helicobacter pylori através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase em amostras fecais de crianças da cidade de Belém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03-14) GUIMARÃES, Vanessa de Souza; SILVA, Artur Luiz da Costa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7642043789034070
The infection for the Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common in humans, it is admitted that is acquired in the childhood and that it is one of the main gastritis causes and peptic ulcer in the adult life. Among the several diagnosis methods for the H. pylori infection, the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been showing high sensibility for the detection of this pathogen in gastric, oral and faecal samples. With the objective of standardizing the PCR technique to detect the presence of H. pylori of in stool samples and to compare this method with sorologic diagnosis, we studied a samples of 79 children coming of a seroprevalence study realized in the city Belém-Pará in 2003. The genomic DNA was extracted of the feces through a protocol standardized in this research based on the association of quelator agents and proteinase digestion, followed by a phenol-chloroform procedure. For the DNA amplification it was used primers for the gene 16SrRNA specific for Helicobacter genus and for specific detection of the H. pylori it was used primers for desigend for ureA gene. The visualization of the fragments was performed agarose 2% gels stained with ethidium bromide. The presence of the H. pylori was verified in 69,62% (55/79) of the patients. The comparative analysis between the serologic research and the ureA PCR revealed that the molecular technique presents a better acting in the diagnosis of H. pylori in feces (p = 0,0246). The application of the technique of PCR in children's fecal samples, for being a non invasive highly efficient procedure, can be used for detection of the infection by H. pylori in the laboratorial routine as well as in researches of epidemiologic interest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição das enzimas NADPH-Diaforase e Tirosina Hidroxilase na substância negra de camundongos infectados pelo Toxoplasma gondii
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-29) MEURER, Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3239362677711162; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; MORAES, Antonio Marcos Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2806117046911976
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide intracellular protozoan parasite and an important cause of disease in both humans and domestic animals. In Brazil, up to 80% of the population may be infected, depending on the region. Acute infection is generally asymptomatic, with posterior development of tissues cysts located mostly in muscles, retina and the central nervous system. The latent infection can alter behavior in animals and provoke psychotic symptoms in humans. Studies suggest that this infection may contribute to the occurrence of both schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, which are associated with abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. In this study we evaluated immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and NADPH-diaphorase activities in the substantia nigra of infected male swiss mice. The animals were inoculated with bradyzoites (10 cysts) from a Toxoplasma gondii (Me-49 strain). The brains were removed after 30 and 60 days, sectioned and submitted to protocols to reveal NADPH-diaforase activity and immunohistochemistry anti-TH. The densitometric analysis showed a lower reactivity to NADPH-diaforase in the substantia nigra of infected animals when comparated with non-infected controls. A similar reduction was also observed in immunoreactivity against TH in the substantia nigra. These results indicate that T. gondii may change the dopaminergic system in infected brains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade genética das espécies de micobactérias não tuberculosas identificadas em laboratório de referência para o diagnóstico da tuberculose na região Norte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-02-20) COSTA, Ana Roberta Fusco da; LIMA, Karla Valéria Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795461154139260; CORVELO, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7253864056606024
Recent years has seen an increase in reports of infections associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). However, knowledge of the frequency and the species involved in pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections in Brazil are limited. We evaluated the occurrence of species of NTM isolated Mycobacteria Laboratory of the Instituto Evandro Chagas, Regional Laboratory of Public Health of the North. We analyzed all NTM isolates from pulmonary clinical specimens of individuals with infection, according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the Department of Health between the years 2004 to 2007. The NTM were characterized by PCR-restriction analysis (PRA-hsp65) and 16S rRNA, hsp65 e rpoB genes sequencing. We identified 51 patients with infection caused by NTM, which the M. abscessus (n=2), M. bolletii (n=4), M. massiliense (n=9), M. avium (n=5), M. colombiense (n=5), M. fortuitum (n=4), M. simiae (n=2), M. interjectum (n=4), M. intracellulare (n=5), M. kansasii (n=1), M. scrofulaceum (n=1) e M. terrae (n=1) species that involved in lung infection. In eight individuals the NTM isolates were not identified at the species level, which may represent new taxonomic entity from M. simiae complex. This study describes the diversity of NTM isolated from pulmonary clinical specimens in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon Region. The finding cases of lung infections diagnosed and treated unsuccessfully for several months as tuberculosis suggest the need for isolation and identification of mycobacteria involved before establishment of treatment failure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estresse oxidativo associado à infecção pelo HPV e às lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres ribeirinha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) BORGES, Bruna Emanuelle Sanches; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268
This study aimed to evaluate the responses of oxidative stress associated with HPV infection and precursor lesions of cervical cancer in women riverside of the Amazon. Involved 126 riverside women two Itaituba city communities, 68 riverine two communities of Limoeiro do Ajurú and 43 women of a community of Braganca city district, all in the state of Para, aged 14 to 60 years, attended the cervical Cancer Prevention Program Uterine (PCCU) in the years 2013 and 2014. Was realized the Pap test and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to HPV detection. Collection of blood samples were also obtained for evaluation of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and determination of total glutathione (GSHt) and oxidized (GSSG). Sociodemographic information was obtained during an interview prior to the collection. MDA levels were higher in those with HPV infection in all communities studied and those with low-grade precursor lesions in Itaituba. In Limoeiro do Ajurú and Bragança women the concentrations of total GSH and GSSG were presented suggesting high expression of an oxidative response in women with pre-malignant lesions of low grade uterine or cervical HPV. While women with HPV Itaituba LIEBG or the full GSH levels were higher than GSSG levels, suggesting the antioxidant GSH response. Which is the first work that investigates responses of oxidative stress associated with pre-malignant lesions of cervical cancer and HPV infection in riverside communities in the Amazon, the results showed a significant association between oxidative responses and HPV infection, become relevant studies which investigate the main factors influencing the responses of oxidative stress in this population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da função tímica em portadores de HTLV-1 com PET/MAH
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) GOMES, Jéssica Antonia Nunes; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
In HTLV-1 infeccions 90% of carriers remain asymptomatic, 2-3% develop Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and 0.25-4% develop HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In HAM/TSP, specific CD8 + T cell infiltrates are found in the marrow that destroy infected CD4 + T cells, leading to a chronic activated immune response. Recently emigrated T cells (or naïve T cells) have excised circles by the rearrangement of T cell receptor (TREC) genes that do not double in cell proliferation, being a good indicator to quantify the number of naïve T cells and thus evaluate the thymic function. This study aimed to verify the thymic function of patients with HTLV-1 infection by quantifying the number of TREC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This is a cross-sectional, analytical study of 39 patients over 18 years of age, divided into two groups: HAM/TSP (PET) and without HAM/TSP (NPET). We performed a clinical and physiotherapeutic evaluation, blood collection, lymphomononuclear cell separation, DNA and RNA extraction, absolute TREC curve, DNA and RNA quantification, TREC particle detection and quantification, cDNA synthesis, cytokine IL-7 and statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman's correlation, with p ≤ 0.05 as significance level. Of the 39 patients studied, two were excluded from the study because they presented autoimmune disease. Regarding the comparison between groups of TREC quantification: there was a difference between the PET and NPET groups (p = 0.01), in patients with age ≤59 years between the PET and NPET groups (p = 0.04), in the (p = 0.003) and the group with a wheelchair and without a wheelchair (p = 0.05). As for the comparison of IL-7 gene expression between groups: in the NPET group there was a difference between the group ≤59 years and the ≥60 years (p = 0.02), in the female there was a difference between the PET and NPET groups (p = 0.04). Thymic function was impaired in patients with HTLV-1 with HAM/TSP compared to those without HAM/TSP, as there was a loss in naïve T cell production in this population, shown by the differences between variables in both PET and NPET groups With respect to the quantification of TREC. Although the importance of this compromise in the triggering and / or evolution of HAM/TSP is not yet clear, it is inferred that the reduction of naïve T cell production can alter the immunological response in these patients, directly affecting their clinical picture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotomicrografia digital para estudos taxonômicos de Flebotomíneos do subgênero Psychodopygus do estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SANTOS, Thiago Vasconcelos dos; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Sandflies are a group of insects of great medical interest, added by its vectorial association with the leishmaniasis. The correct identification of these species in the field is essential in the entomological research and control of vectors of Leishmania, principally in the state of Pará, where the Phlebotomine fauna is so diversified when we comparing to the Brazilian sum. However, this practical has been carried through for technician trained on the basis of the brought up to date “key” in 2003, supported for manual drawings of some researchers, that many times are of difficult agreement. Thus, this study it aimed to present the relevance of the use of the digital fotomicrography as an instrument of support for the identification and register of sandflies of the Psychodopygus subgenus. It was used as metodological boarding, the capture of images of blades of the collection of the Sandflies Insectary, Leishmaniais Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute, of several areas of epidemiological studies in Pará, in the period of 1970 until the present time, by the systems: Axiostar, Canon via Phototube and overlapping conventional camera over ocular the microscope. From the captured images, a database was constructed in accordance with the taxonomical hierarchy of Phlebotominae that had been later compared with traditional illustrations of identification keys. In the total of 2105 blades, 222 images of sandflies had been gotten. A data base contend 344 images referring to the 17 species of Psychodopygus was prepared diring the study. We conclude that the images of the structures drawn for different researchers throughout the years inside presented differences translating subjectiveness of interpretation for the same species of the Psychodopygus subgenus; thus the digital fotomicrography demonstrates to be a resource of great utility and importance, which had to present advantages, as: better quality of images, durability, fidedignity with the real observed and technological pratice, providing bigger security and or trustworthiness to the professional during the epidemiological inquiry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genotoxicidade mercurial: contribuição para análise de populações amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06-05) MACEDO, Gisele Lima; LÓPEZ, Maria Elena Crespo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265
Mercury is an important environmental pollutant for the world and, specially, for the Amazon. Presently, there are some evidences about chronic exposure to relatively low concentrations of mercury initiating genotoxic processes (DNA damage) in humans. However, to date, few epidemiological studies were carried out with Amazonian populations exposed to mercury, but no study included a population as a control to compare. The aim of this study was to identify the technique more adequate for analyzing mercury genotoxicity in Amazonian populations and to establish control values of genotoxicity in an Amazonian riverside population. To carry out in vitro tests, two traditional methods to detect genotoxicity (micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations) were applied and compared. Primary cultures of blood lymphocytes of volunteers from Belém, were exposed to relatively low concentrations of methylmercury (1-500μg/l or 0,004-2 μM). Mitotic index (proportion of cells in metaphase) originated with the method of detection of chromosomal aberrations was the parameter more sensitive to mercury genotoxicity. After identification of the method and the parameter more sensitive to mercury genotoxicity, this method was applied to study an Amazonian riverside population as a control for studies about mercury genotoxicity. Panacauera was selected as control population and mitotic index for this population was 0.077 ± 0.045. Detected values of mitotic index showed variability, not related to age or sex. When these values were compared to the values of Brasilia Legal (community exposed to methylmercury) registered in literature, mitotic index of Brasilia Legal for some groups was below mitotic index of Panacauera, pointing to an inhibition of the cell-cycle progression and/or loss of proliferative capacity due to mercury intoxication. These results support the idea that mitotic index may serve as an essential parameter for the early diagnosis of the damage provoked by mercury exposure, and they contribute to the epidemiological knowledge about the consequences of the chronic exposure with mercury in Amazonian populations.