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Dissertações em Doenças Tropicais (Mestrado) - PPGDT/NMT

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3559

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise conformacional da enzima protease do HIV-1 relacionada à resistência ao inibidor Nelfinavir
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) HOLANDA, Luiz Henrique Campos; SILVA, Jerônimo Lameira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7711489635465954; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775363180781218
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a retrovirus that has highly virulent glycoproteins that invade the CD4 + T lymphocyte through its CCR4 and CXCR5 receptors. The biological cycle of HIV is mediated by the protease, transcriptase and integrase enzymes. HIV-1 protease is an enzyme that is present in the final phase of the biological cycle, where virus maturation occurs, and is an important pharmacological target. The main objective of this project is to verify the effects of the D30N, I84A and M46I mutations on the HIV-1 protease enzyme and the complex formation with the nelfinavir inhibitor through molecular dynamics and bioinformatics techniques. The results based on the structural analyzes showed structural differences between the studied systems. The 1OHR system presented a closed conformation, the systems D30N and D30N_I84A_M46I presented semi-open conformation and the D30N_I84A system presented open conformation, in which the latter presented lower free energy value and greater instability in the RMSD analyzes, however the greater flotation of residues Of amino acids. The theoretical analyzes showed the importance in the resistance of the double mutation D30N_I84A and the conformational restructuring capacity of the M46I mutation and catalytic capacity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise filogenética de genes de provável origem não humana de rotavírus do grupo A em espécimes fecais de crianças com gastrenterite aguda provenientes de Belém, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MAESTRI, Régis Piloni; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5156164089432435
Rotaviruses (RVs) are the main cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in both humans and young animals of species such as calves, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, and birds. The genetic diversity of RVs is related to a variety of evolutionary mechanisms, including point mutation, genome reassortment, and reassortment. The objective of this study was realized the molecular charaxterization of the genes that encode structural and nonstructural proteins in unusual RV strains. The clinical specimens selected for this study were obtained from children and newborns with RV gastroenteritis, who participated in research projects on viral gastroenteritis conducted at the Evandro Chagas Institute. Structural (VP1-VP4, VP6, and VP7) and nonstructural (NSP1-NSP6) genes were amplified from stool samples by the polymerase chain reaction and subsequently sequenced. Eight unusual RV strains isolated from children and newborns with gastroenteritis were studied. Reassortments between genes of animal origin were observed in 5/8 (62.5%) strains analyzed. These results demonstrate that, although rare, interspecies (animal-human) transmission of RVs occurs in nature, as observed in the present study in strains NB150, HSP034, HSP180, HST327, and RV10109. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the Amazon region and supports previous data showing a close relationship between genes of human and animal origin, representing a challenge to the large-scale introduction of RV vaccines in national immunization programs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos da infecção genital pelo Papilomavírus humano em gestantes do município de Imperatriz, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUSA, Graciene Pereira de; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
It is known that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely distributed in the population, and is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) more frequent worldwide. Its transmission occurs through sexual exposure in about 98% of cases and its positive peak is observed among women of reproductive age, especially in the first years of sexual activity. In general, the infection is limited by the action of the immune system, which eliminates the virus within 2 years. Changes that interfere with the action of the immune system can influence the course of HPV infection, such as people with AIDS. During pregnancy, physiological changes occur that alter the immune response to non-rejection of semi- allogeneic fetus. This could interfere with the evolution of HPV infection, but this is still controversial. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of HPV infection in pregnant women in the city of Imperatriz, MA and investigate possible associations between genital HPV infection and sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual, contraceptive and reproductive clinic - gynecological selected. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 168 pregnant women in the city of Empress-MA. The selected patients answered a questionnaire on socio demographic, behavioral and reproductive. Material was collected cervicovaginal cytology and conventional cervical brushed to detect HPV DNA by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association of HPV infection and selected risk factors was evaluated using the chi-square (x²) and/or Fisher exact test, all with an alpha level of 0.05. We studied 200 samples of cervical material was collected for Pap smear testing and identification of HPV DNA by PCR. The prevalence of genital HPV infection in pregnant women in the city of Empress was 17.6%, with the highest prevalence was in the age group between 18 to 25 years, which was 21.5%. Regarding marital status, note that unmarried pregnant women had a higher risk of acquiring HPV infection than married women (OR = 4.03, p = 0.0046). As for reproductive traits, there is the women who reported being primigravidae had higher prevalence of HPV infection, with 29%, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001), and 4 times more likely to acquire HPV infection than women who became pregnant two or more times. Interestingly, women who were taking the first PCCU on occasion, had a higher prevalence of HPV infection (25%) compared to those who had performed this test anteriormente.Os results showed a high prevalence of HPV in young pregnant women aged less than 25 years in primigravidae and among those who underwent PCCU first, so there is a need for measures to promote prevention and health of pregnant women with this specific target within the service routine Hospital. Thus, it is believed that such data can be very useful in planning programs, including the control of STDs, especially HPV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação das variantes da região carboxiterminal do gene cagA de Helicobacter pylori com o desenvolvimento de distúrbios gastroduodenais em Belém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Adenielson Vilar e; MARTINS, Luisa Caricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799493244439769
Helicobacter pylori CagA cytotoxin, encoded by the cagA gene, has been associated with increased inflammatory response in gastric tissue and the change in control of cell growth and proliferation. Activation of this cytotoxin occurs by phosphorylation in specific tyrosine residues within an amino acid sequence termed motif EPIYA, four types of motifs are described in the literature (EPIYA-A,-B-C and D). However, the site EPIYA-C is the most common site of phosphorylation of CagA protein of the bacterial strains isolated in Western countries, may still be found in repetitions. This study aimed to determine the types of motifs EPIYA of CagA present in patients with gastritis and gastric cancer and its association with these diseases. Were collected samples from gastric biopsies of 384 patients infected with H. pylori, of this 194 presented chronic gastritis and 190 had gastric cancer. The gastric biopsy was used for bacterial DNA extraction and analysis of the cagA gene by PCR. The prevalence of gastric cancer occurs in males, mean age 58 years. The cagA gene was more prevalent in patients with gastric cancer, showing association with a higher degree of inflammation, neutrophil activity and development of intestinal metaplasia (OR = 4,31, IC 95% = 2,71-6,87, p <10-3; OR = 3,57, IC 95% = 2,18 – 5,84, p <10-3; OR = 11,11, IC 95% = 5,48 – 22,30, p <10-3; OR = 3,65, IC 95% = 1,50-8,88, p=0,004, respectively). The number of repetitions EPIYA-C site was significantly associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2,99, IC 95% = 1,53-5,82, p <10-3). The higher number of motifs EPIYA-C was also associated with intestinal metaplasia (p = 0,02). In this study the infection by strains of H. pylori carriers cagA gene with more than one motif EPIYA-C shown to be associated with the development of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer, but without an association to neutrophil activity and degree of inflammation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atenção em saúde aos casos de coinfecção hiv/hanseníase em uma área hiperendêmica para hanseníase na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-01) ALBUQUERQUE, Nahima Castelo de; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
This study aimed to evaluate the primary health care to patients co-infected patients with HIV/leprosy in hyperendemic area for leprosy in the Amazon. This is a descriptive, exploratory study, evaluation of health services, with quantitative and qualitative approaches. They were interviewed twenty people diagnosed with HIV and leprosy who were followed up at the clinic of Center Tropical Medicine. It was used an adaptation of the assessment instrument of primary health care performance, containing sociodemographic and clinical informations, gateway, health services used, integration of care actions, Free Association of Words Test and stories of feelings related to the diagnosis of co-infection. The quantitative evaluation was conducted by the description of frequencies. Qualitative evaluation was categorized by the free association of data words according to the stimuli to HIV, leprosy and quality of health care. The results of the subjective questions of the interviews were analyzed based on thematic content. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Center Tropical Medicine of Pará State University, under the CAEE Nº 49477115.1.0000.5172. It was identified a predominance of males, aged 40 to 59 years old, brown race, low socioeconomic level and derived from the city of Belem-Para. There was a predominance of patients diagnosed with Aids and antiretroviral therapy. In relation to leprosy there was parity between the clinical forms and, consequently, of paucibacillary and multibacillary cases. Regarding the health services used, coinfected patients were attend essentially by specialized services and have no link with the PHC. Unfamiliarity has been observed about the health services available in the network. In interpreting evocations and discourses prevail speeches related to feelings of death, fear, sadness, concern and questions related to diagnosis of HIV and leprosy. About the changes in daily life, stand out the inability to work and the largest health care. The results shows the need for strengthening PHC in the context of public policies for HIV/Aids and leprosy control, to make it the main gateway for patients, regardless of cases of co-infection, ensuring access on a expanded health perspective. We conclude that despite the satisfaction of users and the services provided in secondary care, the current health care model does not consider the singularities co-infection users of HIV/leprosy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização antigênica e molecular de amostras de rotavírus do tipo G1, obtidas de crianças participantes de estudos em gastroenterites virais, no período de 1982 a 2003, em Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-07-03) SOARES, Luana da Silva; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5156164089432435; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316632173870389
Infant mortality remains an important problem of public health worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Of more than the 50 etiologic agents implied in this disease, rotavirus causes 111 million episodes of diarrhoea, resulting in more than 600,000 deaths among children less than five years, of which 82% are notified in the poorest countries of the world. This study aimed at the antigenic and molecular characterization of G1 rotavirus strains among children participanting of viral gastroenteritis studies, carried out from 1982 to 2003, in Belém, Pará, Brazil. One hundred and forty-eight specimens of G1 rotavirus were analyzed in the present investigation. Overall, the prevalence of the G1 type was of 41.3%, being that frequencies of this genotype through studies ranged from 11.0% to 67.6%. Eletropherotypes, G serotypes and P genotypes characterization of G1 rotavirus occurred in frequencies of 78.4%, 89.9% and 87.8%, respectively. Three long eletropherotypes varieties were identified, being that the L1 variety was found frequently (79.3%). The G1, G9 and G1+G4 serotypes were detected in 88.0%, 9.8% and 2.2% of the specimens, respectively. Mixed infection by G1+G4 genotype was detected in one sample. The prevalent binary combination was P[8],G1, being responsible for 72.3% of the cases. Mixed infections circulated in percentage of 20.0%, including genotypes P[4]+P[8],G1, P[6]+P[8],G1, P[4]+P[6],G1, P[4]+P[6]+P[8],G1 and P[6]+P[8],G1+G4. The G1 genotype circulated among 2nd to 35th months of age and a highest number of cases was registered between 6 to 16 months of age. Clinical severity differences among G1 and other genotypes of rotavirus were not verified. The present analysis gathers pioneer findings in Brazil, allowing to extend the knowledge concerning the antigenic and molecular diversity of the infections by G1 rotavirus and these results will allow to understand the genetic complexity of such viral agents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dano neural em pacientes hansênianos: um estudo de evolução pós-alta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) CONCEIÇÃO, Adélia Oliveira da; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
The leprosy causes inflammation, immune responses and compression processes that can evolve from a mild temporary nerve damage to a complete lesion of the nerve. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic peripheral neuropathies where about 20% of patients have some type of physical disability after discharg.There are few studies that discuss the risk factors that can cause these disabilities. In this work we investigated the neural damage in a cohort of clinical leprosy patients post-discharge medication in Cologne Plate, from 1997 to 2009 and you are at risk for physical disability at diagnosis and post-discharge.The study was historical cohort of 63 patients in the period 1997 to 2009 - Vila Santo Antonio do Prata in Igarapé-Açu, Pará. Data were collected from the notification form / Research of the National Information Appeal Notification (NIAN) and the records of post-high for the degree of physical disability.The sociodemographic, clinical and neural functions were organized in spreadsheets Microsoft Excel ® 2003 and analyzed using the Epi Info version 3.5.2 and version 5.3 BioEstat and presented in tables, charts and graphs. In diagnosing the factors that offered more opportunity for physical disability were: sensory owns 21.67 more chance of incapacity, introduce shock / pain / nerve trunk thickness increases to 20 the chance of disability, leprosy reaction 9 times more likely to have pain palpation of the nerve trunk 7.32 offers more chances, be presented multibacillary 7.29, lepromatous be increased by 6.68 times and the presence of engine damage increases by 6.38 times the odds of disability in physical diagnosis. In post-high only 63 cases were evaluated for which risk factors were most important: the presence of damage in sensitive diagnosis is 1.89 more risks, physical disability at diagnosis 1.55 more risks and be multibacillary offers 1, 36 times greater risk for physical disability after discharge for healing. Within the four groups formed from the 63 cases of damage sensitive worsening in most cases where the clinical form was borderline degree of disability remained stable and had worsened in some cases. Allowed to conclude that the study population: present some type of nerve damage (sensory and / or motor) at diagnosis increases the chances of disability at diagnosis and aggravate the nerve damage after cure, the presence of disability physics at diagnosis may be a risk factor for the development of new or worsening disability already installed and there was worsening of the damage (sensory or motor) after discharge for healing even without the change in the degree of disability according to the classification of Ministry of Health, which can affect the quality of life and independence of the individual.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de adenovírus humanos em amostras de água superficial e esgoto não tratado oriundas de diversos ecossistemas aquáticos da cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SPADA, Paula Katharine de Pontes; MENDES, Yvone Gabbay
The enteric viruses are important agents of waterborne diseases. Among these, the human adenovirus (HAdV) assumed importance because they are a major cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years and by its high resistance to physical and chemical factors in the detriment of other viruses in the environment. Several studies have shown no relationship between the presence of indicator bacteria and viruses. Therefore, several authors have suggested the inclusion of these agents as potential indicators of viral and fecal water contamination. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of HAdV in water samples and untreated sewage originating from many aquatic ecosystems from Belém-PA. Six sampling points were selected, among them an untreated sewage: Esgoto do UNA and five catch basins: Porto do Açaí, Ver-o-Peso, Igarapé Tucunduba, Lago Bolonha and Lago Água Preta. A month collection of two liters of water was realized in each point for 24 consecutive months, from Nov/2008 to Oct/2010, in a total of 144 samples. Sterile distilled water was used as negative control for each point and in all tests. The samples were concentrated by adsorption-elution method and then centrifuged to obtain two ml. The DNA was extracted by the Qiagen commercial kit. Were employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for molecular detection, with specific primers and probes to amplify a specific hexon gene of 301 and 96 bp, respectively. In order to improve the amplified product for genomic sequencing, some samples positive by PCR were subjected to nested PCR using an additional pair of primers that amplify an internal region of 171 bp. Water and sewage samples were sequenced, analyzed and compared to other obtained from GenBank. The HAdV were detected in 59% (85/144) of samples of surface water and untreated sewage. The positivity obtained by PCR was 22,9% (33/144) and by real-time PCR 58.7% (84/143). The first technique detected the virus only in samples from the Igarapé Tucunduba (62,5%) and Esgoto do UNA (75%) and the second in samples from the six points of collection (variation of 25% to 100%). The agent was detected in all the 24 months of the study, being present in at least two points monthly. The real-time PCR was more sensitive in this study, having found the agent in 36,4% (52/143) of samples not detected by PCR. Of the eight samples genotyped all belong to the species F, four related to serotype 40 and four to 41. Our results confirm the high circulation of these pathogens in surface water and sewage of the city, suggesting the inclusion of HAdVs as good indicators fecal and viral contamination of the water. The study of these viruses in aquatic environments is pioneer in Belém and these results are of relevant importance for public health policies and environmental, serving as a basis for further studies in this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de Mycobacterium lepra por PCR em "SWAB" nasal e "SWAB" da linfa do lóbulo da orelha de pacientes hansenianos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-30) PONTES, Ana Rosa Botelho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Recently some studies have used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for detection of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA, in diverse biological samples, demonstrating high sensitivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the PCR in the detection of M. leprae in nasal swab and lymph swab from ear lobe of leprosy patients and to compare the results of the PCR with the bacilloscopy and histophatology and multibacillary and paucibacillary forms of leprosy. Nasal secretion samples and lymph of the lobe of the ear of 24 leprosy patients had been collected. For amplification of the DNA three pairs of primers had been tested: S13 and S62, R1 and R2, LP1 and LP2 that amplify fragments of 531 DNA of pb, 372pb and 129pb, respectively. The primers LP1 and LP2 had expressed greater sensitivity, independent of the clinical samples. The results of the PCR had been highly significant for the nasal secretion samples (p<0.0000) and significant for specimens of lymph of the lobe of the ear (p=0.0000). Comparing the results of the PCR, using primers LP1 and LP2 and conservante lise 1, with the bacilloscopy and histophatology, the studies had pointed that the PCR, in nasal secretion samples, got greater sensitivity for the MBs forms (41,67%), followed of the bacilloscopy (25%) and histophatology (8,33%). In the PBs forms, sensitivity was considered same between the PCR and the histophatology (8,33%). The bacilloscopy did not present sensitivity (0%). In the samples of the lymph of the lobe of the ear, the bacilloscopy demonstrated to greater sensitivity for the MBs forms (25%), followed of the PCR (20,83%) and histophatology (16,7%). In the PBs forms, the PCR and histophatology had presented same sensitivity (4,17%). It did not have sensitivity in the bacilloscopy (0%). The PCR, although not to demonstrate a 100% sensitivity it is a tool with future perspectives to assist in the monitoring of the treatment and cure of the leprosy patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de vírus Influenza A em aves migratórias capturadas em regiões litorâneas dos estados da Bahia, Pará e Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) FERREIRA, Deimy Lima; MELLO, Wyller Alencar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1784167608719139; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
The Influenza virus is known for its ability to infect a wide variety of animals, such as mammals (humans, pigs, horses, whales), domestic birds (chicken [Gallus gallus], goose, turkey [Meleagris ocellata]) beyond wild birds of the orders Anseriformes (duck, wild goose and swan) and Charadriiformes (seagulls, swallows, aquatic birds and sandpipers) these being its natural host. Comprehend the movement of long distance migratory wild birds is crucial to explain the movement of avian influenza viruses. This event causes movement of the birds are acting as an important means of spreading the virus along a migratory route, a fact widely accepted. During the period 2006 and 2007, samples were collected 2,252 samples from a variety of bird species captured in locations which are part of the Atlantic migration route and Mississippi, in the states of Bahia, Para and Pernambuco for epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus and influenza. The objective of this study was to investigate the circulation of influenza virus among migratory birds that use the routes that pass the above states. For this, the samples were analyzed by means of molecular biological techniques, which comprised two main steps: a) extraction of DNA / RNA from the biological specimen; b) amplification of the gene encoding cytochrome oxidase control of by the technical Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and amplification of the vRNA by Real time Reverse Transcripition polimerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results obtained showed that the total samples tested, 7.2% (n = 158) were positive by RT-qPCR for Influenza A virus. We observed a difference in positivity for the virus among bird species analyzed, which is 3.58% for Charadriformes order, 26.3% among the birds of the order Anseriformes, 5.3% of birds belonging to the order Pelecaniformes and 10.9% for those order Suliformes. Among the samples of the orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes, no sample was positive for Influenza Virus. The data suggest variation among the sampling sites, and the state of Para with the lowest percentage of positivity, the second highest rate with Bahia and Pernambuco finally presenting higher prevalence of absolute value. This study shows that although rare investigations in Brazilian territory, there has been movement of Influenza A viruses among several species of migratory birds that utilize the states of Para, Bahia and Pernambuco as stopping places and reproduction of their species. These findings justify further investigations to understand the dynamics of avian influenza viruses circulating in the population of wild birds in Brazil, and its role as a potential source of infection for other animals, including humans.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção do Mycobacterium leprae pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em amostras de tecido e SWAB pós - biópsia de pacientes portadores da hanseníase
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-01) ALMEIDA, Maria das Graças Carvalho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The Mycobacterium leprae DNA of the samples of tissue fragments and swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 2 and swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 1, removed of leprosy lesions of 20 patients with different clinical forms of the illness, was submitted to the amplification for the PCR, aiming at to evaluate the sensitivity of this method. The extration of the DNA was carried through by the technique of modified phenol-chloroform and had been used for the amplification three pairs of primers, LP1/LP2, R1/R2 and S13/S62 that amplify fragments of 129pb, 372pb and 531pb, respectively. Of the patients in study, 55% were paucibacillary and multibacillary 45%. The PCR with primer LP1/LP2 detected 40%, being 15% PB and 25% MB of the samples conserved in lise 1 and, of the conserved ones in lise 2 had been 15%, being 5% PB and 10% MB; primer R1/R2 detected 15%, with 5% in PB and 10% in MB in lise 1, in lise 2 did not have amplification; primer S13/S62 did not amplify the samples in lise 1 and amplified only 10% in lise 2, being one of each group. The bacilloscopy of skin smears presented positives results for 20% patient dos MB and was negative for all PB; the histophatology was positive for 30%, being 20 % for PB and 10% for MB. The PCR with primer LP1/LP2 left to detect DNA of the Mycobacterium leprae in 60% of the samples, the bacilloscopy in 80% and the histophatology in 70%. Due to reduced sensitivity of the PCR in the samples conserved in lise 2, in this study the best ones resulted had been gotten in samples of swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 1, with DNA extracted for the phenol method chloroform modified and amplified for primer LP1/LP2.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção e genotipagem de norovírus em diferentes amostras de água e esgoto não tratado na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil, 2008 a 2010
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) TEIXEIRA, Dielle Monteiro; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579859438466504
Enteric viruses excreted in feces from infected individuals dispersed in aquatic environments by sewage discharge. Among these viruses, the norovirus (NoV) is actually considered the main cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food and water as well as is also associated with hospitalizations. This research aimed to detect and partially characterize the human NoV (GI/GII) in different water matrices and in untreated sewage from Metropolitan Region of Belem. The study involved superficial waters from bay (Ver-o-Peso), river (Acai’s Port), stream (Tucunduba) and two lakes (Bolonha and Agua Preta), as well as treated water (WTP-Bolonha) and untreated sewage (SLP-UNA), monthly collected over two years . The water and sewage (2 liters) were initially concentrated on filtering membranes to obtain a final volume of 2 mL. The nucleic acid was extracted by silica method and submitted to semi nested RT-PCR (reverse transcription Polymerase chain reaction) using NoV GI and GII specific primers. The cDNA obtained after reverse transcription was also used to investigate the GI/GII by TaqMan® real time PCR. The positive samples for both molecular methods were analyzed for 5’end ORF2 by nested (for GI) and semi nested (for GII) in order to obtain amplicon for identification of circulating strains, being further purified using a commercial kit and submitted to molecular characterization in the automated sequencer. The obtained sequences were edited, aligned and compared to others available in gene bank (NCBI) and in the site NoV genotyping tool. In the period of November 2008 to October 2010, 168 water and sewage samples were collected and analyzed for NoV presence, obtaining a positivity of 33.9% (57/168) of which 21.1% (12/57) were positive only by TaqMan® real time PCR, 19.3% (11/57) only by semi nested and 59.6% (34/57) for both. Considering the two methodologies used, in the positive cases GI (82.5% - 47/57) was most frequent than GII (79.0% - 45/57). However, in most samples there was coexistence of the two genogroups (61.4% - 35/57), mainly in the Tucunduba and SLP-UNA samples, considered the most NoV contaminated sites. On the other hand, in WTP-Bolonha this agent was not found. Of 57 positive samples by TaqMan® real time PCR and/or semi nested RT-PCR, 53 were retested for 5’end ORF2, since four samples showed insufficient quantity of material which allowed a new analyze, so, in 47.2% (25/53) the NoV genome was detected, of these 12% (3/25) belonging to GI, 24% (6/25) to GII and 64% (16/25) for both. The most frequent GI and GII genotypes were GI.8 (n=8) and GII.4 (n=12), respectively, but others genotypes were also observed with lower incidence as GII.6 (n=3), GII.9 (n=2), GII.12 (n=1), GII.14 (n=1), GI.1 (n=1) and GI.4 (n=2). Due to low quality of sequences obtained, eight samples could not be genotyped for GI and three for GII. Of 96 samples with concentration of thermotolerant coliforms above the recommended, 34 (35.4%) were also NoV positive. Increase on conductivity and total dissolved solids was observed in materials from Ver-o-Peso and Tucunduba, as well as the turbidity was notably higher in these places and the Acai’s Port. In the less rainy period (July to November) there was a trend in positivity increasing for NoV, and in the highest rainfall (December to June) a decrease in the incidence of this agent was noted. The results obtained in the present study indicate the circulation of NoV GI and GII in aquatic environments in Belem, revealing the degradation that these water bodies have suffered, as a result of poverty or lack of sanitation in our city, allowing the permanence of pathogens in these ecosystems, along with its effluents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição das enzimas NADPH-Diaforase e Tirosina Hidroxilase na substância negra de camundongos infectados pelo Toxoplasma gondii
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-29) MEURER, Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3239362677711162; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; MORAES, Antonio Marcos Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2806117046911976
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide intracellular protozoan parasite and an important cause of disease in both humans and domestic animals. In Brazil, up to 80% of the population may be infected, depending on the region. Acute infection is generally asymptomatic, with posterior development of tissues cysts located mostly in muscles, retina and the central nervous system. The latent infection can alter behavior in animals and provoke psychotic symptoms in humans. Studies suggest that this infection may contribute to the occurrence of both schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, which are associated with abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. In this study we evaluated immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and NADPH-diaphorase activities in the substantia nigra of infected male swiss mice. The animals were inoculated with bradyzoites (10 cysts) from a Toxoplasma gondii (Me-49 strain). The brains were removed after 30 and 60 days, sectioned and submitted to protocols to reveal NADPH-diaforase activity and immunohistochemistry anti-TH. The densitometric analysis showed a lower reactivity to NADPH-diaforase in the substantia nigra of infected animals when comparated with non-infected controls. A similar reduction was also observed in immunoreactivity against TH in the substantia nigra. These results indicate that T. gondii may change the dopaminergic system in infected brains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da laserterapia de baixa intensidade sobre a cicatrização de úlceras hansênicas: ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-04-01) BARRETO, Josafá Gonçalves; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2310734509396125
Neuropathic ulcer is one of the most stigmatical sequels of leprosy. Its presence is very disabling to the patient, and can cause deformity and/or amputation of the affected limb. Different methods of treatments have been used in the ulcers management, but the results are frequently dissatisfactory, resulting in many people living with chronic wounds for a long time. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is used in many services to accelerate wound healing, but its results are controversial, and several published works are inconclusive. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on wound healing of leprosy patients in a randomized clinical trial. This study was conducted at the dressing service of Dr Marcello Candia Reference Unit in Sanitary Dermatology of the State of Para. First, in order to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 51 patients (97 ulcers) we conducted anamnesis, identification of the regions affected by the lesions (including digital photographic register), measurement of ulcer depth and surface area, using the software ImageTool 3.0. The most frequent comorbidity was systemic high blood pressure with 13 cases. To evaluate laser therapy, 25 subjects were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention. The control group (CG), with 12 patients (14 ulcers) received the standard treatment with daily simple dressings, use of topic 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, and orientations about self-care and prevention of disabilities. The experimental group (EG), with 13 subjects (17 ulcers), received standard treatment plus LLLT 3 times per week during 12 weeks. The LLLT consisted of 4 J/point in the wound edges, using a punctual contact technique and 2 J/cm² in the wound bed, using a scanning technique. The LLLT equipment was an AlGaInP diode laser (660 nm) with a power density of 1 W/cm². The analyzed variables were: ulcer surface area in square centimeters (cm²), depth in millimeters (mm), and PUSH score. The mean ulcer surface in the CG was 5,3 cm² (± 9,2) before and 4,4 cm² (± 8,5) after treatment, the depth was 6,3 mm (± 5,4) before and 5,4 (± 5,7) after, and the PUSH score was 9,7 (± 3,4) before and 8,4 (± 5,3) after treatment. In the EG, mean ulcer surface was 4,2 cm² (± 5,9) before and 3,8 cm² (± 5,7) after treatment, the depth was 6,2 mm (± 5,1) before and 4,1 mm (± 3,9) after, and the PUSH score was 9,6 (± 3,3) before and 7,9 (± 5,3) after treatment. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) in none of the variables analyzed before and after treatment. Considering the parameters used in this study, in comparison with usual leprosy neuropathic ulcer treatment, LLLT did not demonstrate any additional benefits to wound healing. The study suggests that 1) special attention should be given to the control of blood pressure on these patients, and 2) diminish or avoid weight bearing on the affected area should continue as key recommendation for ulcer healing.
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Epidemiologia molecular das infecções por rotavírus G2 ao longo de 16 anos (1992 a 2008) na região amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-05) OLIVEIRA, Alessilva do Socorro Lima de; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316632173870389
In Brazil it is estimated that rotavirus causes 3,352,053 episodes of diarrhea, 655 853 visits to emergency rooms, 92,453 hospitalizations and 850 deaths involving children under 5 years of age. Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Rotavirus. The viral particle consists of three concentric layers of protein and the viral genome of 11 segments making up a double-stranded RNA. Currently, 23 G genotypes and 31 P genotypes. have been recognized. Among the G genotypes detected so far, G2 represents one of the most important and it is usually associated with the genotype P [4]. Over the past three years it has been observed on a continental scale the reemergence of genotype G2, throughout the years following the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination, particularly in Brazil. This study aimed at the molecular characterization of samples of G2 strains obtained from children participating in several studies on rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Amazon region, Brazil, from 1992 to 2008. We selected 53 rotavirus G2 samples which were sequenced for VP4 and 38 samples for VP7. These samples were genotyped by RTPCR and its products being purified, quantified and sequenced. Samples were also subjected to electrophoresis of RNA segments. The obtained sequences of VP4 and VP7 genes were aligned and edited using the program Bioedit (v.6.05) and compared with other sequences registered in the RV gene bank using the BLAST program. The phylogenetic tree was made using the program Mega 2.1. Of the total 53 samples sequenced for the VP7 gene, phylogenetic analysis revealed two lineages (II and III) and three sublineages (IIa, IIc, IId) that circulated in different periods in the population. Samples of sub-lineages IIa and IIc showed mutation at amino acid position 96(Asp/Asn). This modification may result in a conformational change of epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. The G2 strains that circulated in Belém were identical to those circulating in other states in the Amazon region which were included in the study. The VP[4] gene was sequenced in the region of VP8*, yielding 36 which-belonged to genotype P[4] and tree to P[6] we could identify two strains: P[4]-4, occurring during 1998-2000 and the P[4]-5 during 1993-1994 and 2006-2008 periods. Our findings sustain recent findings indicating a worldwide reemergence of G2 genotypes of variant IIc, which were established in the population in combination with genotype P[4]-5. In our study, the high homology among G2 strains in various states suggests that detected mutations have even surpassed geographical and temporal barriers.
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Estudo da prevalência da infecção pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV) em mulheres portadoras de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) em um hospital de referência de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) AMARAL, Juliana Lasmar Ayres do; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
Introduction: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV (human papilloma virus), however, autoimmunediseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are also linked toan increased risk of cervical cancer. Objective: To analyzethe prevalence of HPV infection and associated risk factors in SLE patients,who are treated at referred care center in Belém-Pará. Methods: In this study, was investigated 70 women who has lupus and underwent cervical cancer screeningusing the Pap smear. The patients were divided into two groups of patients: women infected with HPV (n = 16) and not infected (n = 54). The detection and subtyping was performedby polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was applied the Chi-square, binomial test, Fisher test and tstudent test with level alpha = 0.05 for rejecting the null hypothesis. This procedure was performed by using BioEstat software version 5.3. Results: The prevalenceof HPV in these patients was 22.8% with significant statistical results noted in women at the ages between 18-25 (p-value <0.001). Changes in the Pap smear and musculoskeletal symptoms at the time of collection, had also significant statistical results (p-value = 0.0360*, p-value = 0.0463 * respectively).Regarding the use of immunosuppressive drugs, the results were not associated with the virus infection. The most prevalent subtypes were HPV type 58 (37.5%) and HPV type 31(31.3%), and two patients manifested an infection of more than one genotype. Conclusion: InSLE patients studied the age factor has been implicated in an increased risk of infection, most of these patients had1-5years ofdiagnosis andallpatients with HPVpositive had abnormalities on examination of the PCCU.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do microcultivo in vitro para o isolamento de Leishmania sp no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-29) CASTRO, Nádile Juliane Costa de; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Leishmania parasites have variability of species in the Amazon region and its correct identification is necessary to isolate them. Currently for the isolation of the parasite and subsequent diagnosis of the disease have used the technique of in vitro microculture. Hence, the aim of our study was to optimize the in vitro microculture technique for isolation of Leishmania sp. to contribute to the identification of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis circulating in the state of Pará For isolation beyond the microculture was analysed the technique of vacuum aspiration adapted, and parasite viability at temperatures under 25°C. Was used 18 hamsters infected with samples from clinical cases of CL, 3 L. (L). amazonensis 2 and L. (V). braziliensis which held 56 culture by vacuumaspiration in NNN media, 12 in microtubes and 23 in microcapillaries with RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin-Gentamicin maintained between 25°C and 31°C. For the second stage, participated in seven patients, a total of 6 cultures by vacuum aspiration and 42 by microcapillary. It was remained at low temperature 7 tubes with NNN which were kept at 5°C. It was observed that the isolates by vacuumaspiration samples of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in hamsters were susceptible to adaptation of the technique, differently of samples of patients. The positivity ranged between 2-8 days and 4 and 5 days respectively. The microtubes were positive for the same samples of hamsters in the period 5-8 days. For samples of patients, 2/12 tubes by vacuum-aspiration were positive for isolation and in microcapillaries 6/42 less than the values found in literature. The samples stored at 5°C showed viability until 30º day. Thus, we find that the microculture is viable for use within our region.
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Estudo epidemiológico da infecção genital pelo Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres do município de Bragança, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-27) COELHO, Thaís da Conceição Costa; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
The cervical cancer is a problem of global public health. Despite the easy tracking and have high cure rates when detected early, it is still responsible for the death of approximately 230,000 women, of which 80% occurred in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this research was to conduct a study of the prevalence of genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated risk factors in women living in the city of Bragança, in the state of Pará. It was a cross-sectional observational clinical study and analytical, held in Bragança Regional Hospital Antonio Maria Zaccaria and in health units that municipality, through data collection was conducted with a clinical epidemiological form and collection of biological samples of cervical cells, and then the detection of HPV molecular biology technique known as "nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The prevalence of HPV was 37.5% in women from Bragança city, having identified subtypes: 11, 16, 18, 31, 35, 52 and 58, the most prevalent were 16 and 35 and three cases coinfection of subtypes. Infected women were predominantly married, were between 18 and 25, had high levels of education, non-smokers, but were alcoholic, had first sexual intercourse after 15 years, more than 5 partners in life, one or more sexual partners in the last year, and at least one new partner, did not make regular use of contraceptives, they had up to two pregnancies, childbirth, at least one abortion and were taking the first examination of PCCU. A high prevalence of HPV in these women was found but no risk factors was associated with statistically. However, one can trace a profile of the infected women to support health actions and minimize the transmission of this virus through educational activities, mainly focused on the proper use of condoms, in addition to increasing nastiness for cervical cancer in especially the awareness of the preventive test.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo experimental sobre a resposta imunológica em infecções seqüenciais pelo vírus Dengue 3 e pelo vírus Dengue 2 em primatas não humanos da espécie Callithrix penicillata
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FERREIRA, Milene Silveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus (DENV - Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) and is considered the most widespread arbovirus in the world. Currently, there is an animal that fits a model for studies on the pathogenesis of DENV. To investigate the susceptibility of the DENV Callithrix penicillata were inoculated samples DENV-3 and DENV-2 isolated from human cases of fatal. To do this, twenty-two animals were infected with DENV-3 (3.23 × 103 PFU/mL) and sixty days after infection (dai), 11 of these were secondarily infected with DENV-2 (4.47 × 104 PFU/mL). Blood, plasma and serum were collected daily during the first seven days and for 15, 20, 45, and 60 dai. We investigated the production of IgM antibodies and inhibitors of hemagglutination (HI), as setup were analyzed biochemical and hematological profile and serum cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF- α, IL-2, IFN-, IL-4 and IL-5). Primary infection (DENV-3) showed IgM (15-20 dai), antibodies IH (15-60 dai), increased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and decreased IL-5. In secondary infection (DENV-2) was detected IgM antibodies (15-20 dai), antibodies HI (15-60 dai), and decreased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-5. Furthermore, it was observed in both infections leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased AST. The high levels of INF-γ and TNF-α showed activation of the inflammatory response, as the response to cellular differentiation and suppression of proliferation of cytokine features of the humoral response. The presence of neutralizing antibodies may have caused suppression of the inflammatory response in secondary infection which may have led to the absence of signs of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome (DHF/DSS) during secondary infection (DENV-2). The results indicate that non-human primates Callithrix penicillata demonstrated susceptibility to DENV strains of human origin, suggesting that these animals are a good model for studies of the immune response of Dengue Fever (DF) and for the assessment of a tetravalent vaccine.
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Imunoreatividade para tgf- β e caspase-3 e sua relação com o controle da resposta imune tecidual nas formas polares da hanseníase
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-30) ALMEIDA, Fabricio Anderson Carvalho; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3350166863853054
Leprosy is a chronic infect-contagious disease that accompanies the humanity for many years. Brazil occupies the second place in numbers of cases, and the state of Para is that presents the largest number of absolute cases. This study had as objective to evaluate the immunorreactivity for TGF-β and caspase-3 in the lepromatous and tuberculoid clinical forms of the leprosy evil trying to correlate the immunomarking pattern with the tissue control of the immune response of the host to the bacillus, through a retrospective study of paraffin enclosed tissue of 30 patients, being fifteen presenting in the lepromatous form and fifteen with the tuberculoid type of disease. The patients followed the protocol of leprosy diagnosis according to criteria of Health Ministry of Brazil and histopathologic features. It was observed that the lepromatous form of the leprosy presented a significant statistically correlation (p=0,4630) among TGF-β to caspase-3, evidencing that as the cytokine as the imunomarking of the apoptosis increase inch by inch and simultaneously in this polar form and that indirectly appear to a role of TGF-β in the control of the immunologic response in its place to the infection for the Mycobacterium leprae.