Dissertações em Doenças Tropicais (Mestrado) - PPGDT/NMT

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3559

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Análise epidemiológica e caracterização parcial do gene F dos Metapneumovirus Humano detectados a partir de casos de infecção respiratória aguda na Região Norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-30) FERREIRA, Luís Edilson de Azevedo; MELLO, Wyller Alencar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1784167608719139; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
Diseases of the respiratory tract are the main complaints in health care services, and acute respiratory infections (ARI) the most common manifestations, especially in children under five years of age. In developing countries the ARI are a serious public health problem. Throughout the world is estimated to occur in approximately 2 million deaths each year by ARI. Among the causative agents of ARI, we highlight the human metapneumovirus (HMPV), especially by causing severe illness in children under 5 years. Aiming to generate data on the molecular epidemiology of this virus, we analyzed samples taken from patients with ARI in the period January 2009 to December 2011 arising from the Northern Region (Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Amapá and Roraima). It was used the technique of real time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the virus by the N gene and RT-PCR for the gene encoding the F protein, which was then partially sequenced. Within the study period, were tested in 2966 samples, 129 of which were positive for HMPV. The age group of 0-4 years was the one that focused more cases (n = 84, 65.89%) across the North. The identification of viruses was found to co-circulation of subgroups A2 and B2 during the three years of the study. Subgroups A1 and B1 not circulated in the region during the study period. This study represents the first report of data on molecular epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in northern Brazil.
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Caracterização dos genes codificadores da hemaglutinina e PB2 do vírus Influenza A (H1N1) pandêmico isolado na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-26) FERREIRA, Jessylene de Almeida; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539; NUNES, Márcio Roberto Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0299116892743368
The recent influenza pandemic of 2009/2010 caused by the Influenzavirus A (H1N1) pandemic showed a severity profile different from seasonal flu due to a significant percentage of severe and fatal cases occurred in young adults without comorbidity. The virulence of Influenzavirus A (H1N1) pandemic is the result of protein interaction complexes and is related essentially some viral genes. The aim of this study was to characterize the genes that encodes for the hemagglutinin (H1) and polymerase basic 2 (PB2) of Influenzavirus A (H1N1) pandemic recovered from patients with flu coming from the metropolitan mesoregion, Belém-PA. The sample size consisted of 87 random samples of both genders, the 0-96 years, with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) without comorbidity reported from May 2009 to August 2010. The samples were isolated in MDCK cell, and analyzed by molecular biology techniques that comprised three main steps: a) viral RNA (vRNA) extraction from supernatant of infected cells; b) amplification of the vRNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction preceded by Reverse Transcription (RT-PCR) technique; c) complete sequencing of genes encoding H1 and PB2. Of 87 strains amplified by RT-PCR in 82 amplicons the acquisition and analysis of sequences for the HA gene was obtained, whereas in 81 amplicons viral sequences were obtained for the PB2 gene. The comparative analysis of the sequences obtained with the sequence of the vaccine strain (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)) revealed amino acid substitutions in HA (P83S, D97N; S203T, D222G, and I321V Q293H) and PB2 (K340N, and K526R M631L) proteins any changes were, however not associated with hospitalization. At the level of substitution in HA, the D97N alone or associated with the S203T was detected more frequently in the first wave. Furthermore, the level of PB2, a substitution K526R was found in the majority of strains that circulated during the first wave, while the M631L was more evident in the second. The D222G substitution in HA was only found in cases of death. Finally, there was a tendency of changes in HA antigenic sites. Thus, the genetic and antigenic continuous surveillance of Influenzavirus A (H1N1) pdm in circulation, as well as the sharing of information is extremely important for the best possible recommendation for virus which are included in vaccine the composition thus avoiding higher risk of severe epidemics in the future.
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Detecção de adenovírus humanos em amostras de água superficial e esgoto não tratado oriundas de diversos ecossistemas aquáticos da cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SPADA, Paula Katharine de Pontes; MENDES, Yvone Gabbay
The enteric viruses are important agents of waterborne diseases. Among these, the human adenovirus (HAdV) assumed importance because they are a major cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years and by its high resistance to physical and chemical factors in the detriment of other viruses in the environment. Several studies have shown no relationship between the presence of indicator bacteria and viruses. Therefore, several authors have suggested the inclusion of these agents as potential indicators of viral and fecal water contamination. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of HAdV in water samples and untreated sewage originating from many aquatic ecosystems from Belém-PA. Six sampling points were selected, among them an untreated sewage: Esgoto do UNA and five catch basins: Porto do Açaí, Ver-o-Peso, Igarapé Tucunduba, Lago Bolonha and Lago Água Preta. A month collection of two liters of water was realized in each point for 24 consecutive months, from Nov/2008 to Oct/2010, in a total of 144 samples. Sterile distilled water was used as negative control for each point and in all tests. The samples were concentrated by adsorption-elution method and then centrifuged to obtain two ml. The DNA was extracted by the Qiagen commercial kit. Were employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for molecular detection, with specific primers and probes to amplify a specific hexon gene of 301 and 96 bp, respectively. In order to improve the amplified product for genomic sequencing, some samples positive by PCR were subjected to nested PCR using an additional pair of primers that amplify an internal region of 171 bp. Water and sewage samples were sequenced, analyzed and compared to other obtained from GenBank. The HAdV were detected in 59% (85/144) of samples of surface water and untreated sewage. The positivity obtained by PCR was 22,9% (33/144) and by real-time PCR 58.7% (84/143). The first technique detected the virus only in samples from the Igarapé Tucunduba (62,5%) and Esgoto do UNA (75%) and the second in samples from the six points of collection (variation of 25% to 100%). The agent was detected in all the 24 months of the study, being present in at least two points monthly. The real-time PCR was more sensitive in this study, having found the agent in 36,4% (52/143) of samples not detected by PCR. Of the eight samples genotyped all belong to the species F, four related to serotype 40 and four to 41. Our results confirm the high circulation of these pathogens in surface water and sewage of the city, suggesting the inclusion of HAdVs as good indicators fecal and viral contamination of the water. The study of these viruses in aquatic environments is pioneer in Belém and these results are of relevant importance for public health policies and environmental, serving as a basis for further studies in this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção e genotipagem de norovírus em diferentes amostras de água e esgoto não tratado na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil, 2008 a 2010
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) TEIXEIRA, Dielle Monteiro; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579859438466504
Enteric viruses excreted in feces from infected individuals dispersed in aquatic environments by sewage discharge. Among these viruses, the norovirus (NoV) is actually considered the main cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food and water as well as is also associated with hospitalizations. This research aimed to detect and partially characterize the human NoV (GI/GII) in different water matrices and in untreated sewage from Metropolitan Region of Belem. The study involved superficial waters from bay (Ver-o-Peso), river (Acai’s Port), stream (Tucunduba) and two lakes (Bolonha and Agua Preta), as well as treated water (WTP-Bolonha) and untreated sewage (SLP-UNA), monthly collected over two years . The water and sewage (2 liters) were initially concentrated on filtering membranes to obtain a final volume of 2 mL. The nucleic acid was extracted by silica method and submitted to semi nested RT-PCR (reverse transcription Polymerase chain reaction) using NoV GI and GII specific primers. The cDNA obtained after reverse transcription was also used to investigate the GI/GII by TaqMan® real time PCR. The positive samples for both molecular methods were analyzed for 5’end ORF2 by nested (for GI) and semi nested (for GII) in order to obtain amplicon for identification of circulating strains, being further purified using a commercial kit and submitted to molecular characterization in the automated sequencer. The obtained sequences were edited, aligned and compared to others available in gene bank (NCBI) and in the site NoV genotyping tool. In the period of November 2008 to October 2010, 168 water and sewage samples were collected and analyzed for NoV presence, obtaining a positivity of 33.9% (57/168) of which 21.1% (12/57) were positive only by TaqMan® real time PCR, 19.3% (11/57) only by semi nested and 59.6% (34/57) for both. Considering the two methodologies used, in the positive cases GI (82.5% - 47/57) was most frequent than GII (79.0% - 45/57). However, in most samples there was coexistence of the two genogroups (61.4% - 35/57), mainly in the Tucunduba and SLP-UNA samples, considered the most NoV contaminated sites. On the other hand, in WTP-Bolonha this agent was not found. Of 57 positive samples by TaqMan® real time PCR and/or semi nested RT-PCR, 53 were retested for 5’end ORF2, since four samples showed insufficient quantity of material which allowed a new analyze, so, in 47.2% (25/53) the NoV genome was detected, of these 12% (3/25) belonging to GI, 24% (6/25) to GII and 64% (16/25) for both. The most frequent GI and GII genotypes were GI.8 (n=8) and GII.4 (n=12), respectively, but others genotypes were also observed with lower incidence as GII.6 (n=3), GII.9 (n=2), GII.12 (n=1), GII.14 (n=1), GI.1 (n=1) and GI.4 (n=2). Due to low quality of sequences obtained, eight samples could not be genotyped for GI and three for GII. Of 96 samples with concentration of thermotolerant coliforms above the recommended, 34 (35.4%) were also NoV positive. Increase on conductivity and total dissolved solids was observed in materials from Ver-o-Peso and Tucunduba, as well as the turbidity was notably higher in these places and the Acai’s Port. In the less rainy period (July to November) there was a trend in positivity increasing for NoV, and in the highest rainfall (December to June) a decrease in the incidence of this agent was noted. The results obtained in the present study indicate the circulation of NoV GI and GII in aquatic environments in Belem, revealing the degradation that these water bodies have suffered, as a result of poverty or lack of sanitation in our city, allowing the permanence of pathogens in these ecosystems, along with its effluents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da suplementação com antioxidantes sobre as alterações oxidativas cerebrais e pulmonares em malária murina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) GOMES, Bruno Alexandre Quadros; PERCÁRIO, Sandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3018367879063988
During malaria infection, Plasmodium may provoke high oxidative stress, resulting in oxidative damage, and may lead to the development of severe malaria, such as cerebral and pulmonary malaria. Furthermore, the involvement of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses in the physiopathological phenomena of disease has been discussed, as well as the potential benefit of antioxidant supplements. Hence, from the antioxidant sources that would be suitable, two are particularly interesting: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and mushroom Agaricus sylvaticus. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefit NAC and Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation against oxidative changes in murine malaria caused by Plasmodium berghei. Two-hundred male mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 20 groups, as following: Groups I-V (positive control); Groups VI-X (negative control); Groups XI-XV: (infected and treated with N-acetylcysteine animals); Groups XVI-XX: (infected and treated with Agaricus sylvaticus animals). Them, brain, lung, and blood samples were collected after 1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 days after infection for malondialdehyde (MDA), trolox equivalente antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitrites and nitrates (NO) measurement, and parasitemia rate evaluation. Results show that parasitemia increased progressively with evolution of disease, and that was a significant decrease from 7th to 10 th day of infection in both antioxidant supplemented groups. Total antioxidant capacity was higher in supplemented animal’s groups, in that Agaricus sylvaticus treated animals presented a most pronuncied effect in lung samples, with progressive increase along with the days of infection. At the same time, pulmonary MDA levels in the Agaricus sylvaticus and NAC groups showed similar between themselves and with positive control. On the other hand, the cerebral MDA in antioxidants supplemented groups increased during infection, but not in a progressive way. Besides, in the Agaricus sylvaticus groups, MDA levels were lower than NAC, particularly in 5th day of infection. Thus, oxidative damage were most pronounced in pulmonary tissue than brain and related to lipid peroxidation. However, Agaricus sylvaticus was found to be more effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in brain and lung. In addition, pulmonary NO levels were increased in Nacetylcysteine supplemented animals in relationship to Agaricus sylvaticus from 3rd to 10th days of study, progressively increasing, and Agaricus sylvaticus supplemented animals presented similar NO levels to negative control groups. NAC also induced cerebral NO synthesis, but not in a progressive way. In addition, positive and negative control groups show similar cerebral NO levels. Probabily Agaricus sylvaticus and NAC act in two distinct mechanisms in attempt to defeat infection, and can be helpful in the adjuvant therapy of malaria.
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Estado nutricional na malária: influência nos aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes naturalmente infectados por Plasmodium vivax
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-10) MONTE, Carlos Rodrigo Souza do; VENTURA, Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0682511755329264; LIBONATI, Rosana Maria Feio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3818175484709618
Malaria is considered by the World Health Organization a global public health problem. In Brazil, most cases occur by P. vivax. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of obesity on inflammatory markers, biochemical, hematological, parasitological profiles and clinical manifestations in vivax malaria patients at Pará State. Seventy-eight (37 eutrophic, 25 overweight and 14 obese) patients positive to P. vivax were included. Chills, headache, malaria triad (fever, chills and headache), myalgia, cough and diarrhea were more frequent, whereas the clinical score were higher in obese compared to normal weight patients. Obese patients had a higher level of count of total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL, AST, ALT compared to lean patients. Parasitaemia was similar among nutritional status, although was observed trend to higher parasitaemia (> 5.000 parasites/μL) in obese patients. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 did not differ among nutritional groups, though there was a negative correlation between TNF-α and waist circumference. Among overweight and obese was observed a positive correlation between IL-10 and parasitemia, neutrophils, urea and a negative correlation with red blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets. Throughout, TNF-α was correlated negativity with the clinical score. Nutritional status influences immune response against the infection and it has been an important risk factor in this findings. However, further studies are required to understand the malaria in this context.
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Infecção persistente pelos flavivírus Ilhéus e Rocio em hamsters dourados jovens (Mesocricetus auratus)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-28) HENRIQUES, Daniele Freitas; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Ilheus (ILHV) and Rocio (ROCV) are flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) of great importance to public health in Brazil because these viruses are associated to encephalitis cases in humans. Recent studies have reported persistence of experimental infections (in vivo and in vitro) and clinical reports. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the possible occurrence of persistent infection caused by ILHV and ROCV using young golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as experimental model. Hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with a suspension of brains of newborn mice infected with titers of 9.8 and 9.6 DL50/ 0.02 mL of ROCV and ILHV respectively, and at pre-determined intervals, they were anesthetized and sacrificed for collection of blood samples, serum and urine and organ fragments during four months (120 days) post-inoculation (p.i.). Viral quantification was calculated in samples of brain, liver and blood, using the technique of Real Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). All collected specimens were inoculated into VERO cells for confirmation of viral replication; and viral antigens in the cell cultures were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test; the levels of antibodies were determined by hemagglutination-inhibition test. Histopathological examination by hematoxylin-eosin and detection of viral antigens by imunohistochemistry were assayed in viscera and central nervous tissue samples collected during the kinetics. The study showed that young golden hamsters are good experimental model for persistent infection by the flaviviruses ILHV and ROCV. Both viruses induced strong immune response, although the levels of antibodies to ILHV were greater than for ROCV. The ROCV has demonstrated to be more pathogenic in these animals, suggesting higher ability to cause neuronal invasiveness than ILHV. Infected viscera samples inoculated in VERO cells resulted in growth of both viruses from all infected organ, blood, serum and urine samples and were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Regarding persistence of infection, ROCV was detected in the brain, liver and blood by qRT-PCR, for three months p.i., while ILHV persistence was observed only in the brain for 30 days p.i. by qRT-PCR. The ROCV was able to produce histopathological changes, and immuno-labeled cells expressing viral antigens in liver, kidney, lung and brain samples during four month were confirmed by imunohistochemistry. To the ILHV, the histopathological changes and expression of viral antigens in samples from the liver, kidney and lung were only confirmed up to 30 days p.i., but the brain was positive for four months p.i.; The findings obtained in this study showed that both viruses have capacity to cause persistent infection in hamsters intraperitoneally infected, studies additional are needed to determine the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ILHV and ROCV persistent infections.
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Perfil genotípico de resistência do vírus Influenza A (H1N1) pandêmico aos inibidores da neuraminidase em pacientes procedentes da mesorregião de Belém no período de maio de 2009 a maio de 2012
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-26) BARBAGELATA, Luana Soares; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
Influenza virus is responsible for the flu, a disease that causes millions of hospitalizations and deaths every year. In severe infections, especially in people at risk with comorbidities for complications, antiviral become the main means for clinical management, mainly the neuraminidase inhibitors (INAs). By fact, in the 2009 pandemic episode the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of Oseltamivir for the treatment of patients. However, due to viral genetic evolution emerged strains with mutations in the gene coding for the neuraminidase (NA) responsible for amino acid substitutions that lead to drug resistance INAs. Thus, WHO began recommending surveillance genotypic resistance to influenza viruses. Our study aimed to verify the occurrence of mutations in the NA encoding gene of Influenza virus A (H1N1) pandemic strains that could be related to INAs resistance in the Belém mesoregion from May 2009 to May 2012 and analyze, through modeling of proteins, NA amino acid substitutions that may be altering the protein conformation. During the study period, were received 2619 clinical samples at the Virus Respiratory Lab in Evandro Chagas Institute in Belém – Brazil, from patients presenting signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection with up to five days from the start of symptoms. For the detection of the viral genome viral RNA extraction was made followed by real time RT- PCR using specific markers for Influenza A H1N1pdm, resulting in 744 (28.4%) positive samples. A portion of the positive samples were then inoculated in MDCK cells and isolated samples were then submitted to a new viral RNA extraction followed by real time RT-PCR and semi-nested reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the NA gene. Subsequent analysis was done in 3130xl ABI Prism automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems ). Molecular modeling was performed to the NA gene using SWISS-MODEL software, MODELLER 9.10, Procheck, VERIFY3D and PYMOL. The analysis of partial sequences of neuraminidase showed no circulation of the H1N1 pdm with H275Y mutation, the principal involved in resistance to oseltamivir. However in two samples were identified the D199N substitution that has been reported in several studies showing a possible association with increased resistance to oseltamivir. The samples of 2012 showed two substitutions (V241I and N369K) which are relate to a possible role in offsetting the negative effects caused by the H275Y mutation. Molecular modeling shows that the mutation D199N caused a change in protein structure near the NA-antiviral binding site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2012 samples formed an isolated cluster, showing a much more temporal variation than geographic. This represents the first study of drug resistance of influenza virus in H1N1pdm metropolitan mesoregion of Belém - Brazil an important tool for health professionals to adopt more effective strategies for disease management and the development of new anti-influenza drugs.
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Pesquisa de rotavírus e endoparasitos em animais na comunidade quilombola do Abacatal, munícipio de Ananindeua, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-31) MATOS, Jane Cecília Silveira de; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5156164089432435
Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children of low age, but also in young animals of various species. Are excreted in faeces and transmitted the fecal-oral route. Studies show that it is very important for epidemiological investigations to characterize samples of RVs isolated from animals. Intestinal parasites also pose a serious public health problem, being a major factor of morbidity and mortality in children and protein-energy malnutrition arising frameworks of chronic diarrhea. This study aimed to identify and endoparasites RVs circulating in dogs, cats and chickens Community Quilombola of Abacatal, Ananindeua, Pará. For the years 2008 and 2009 were collected 202 fecal samples, from dogs (96/2002, 47.5%), cats (8/2002, 4%) and chickens (98/2002, 48.5%). All samples were subjected to electrophoresis on immunochromatography and polyacrylamide gel for the identification of RVs, but in both cases we obtained 100% negativity. For the identification of endoparasites samples were subjected to a flotation technique with sucrose solution, the parasites most frequently found in dogs were Ancylostoma sp Spirocerca sp, Toxocara sp / Toxascaris sp, Trichuris sp and coccidio, and cats were Ancylostoma sp (5/8, 62,5%), Toxocara sp / sp Toxascaris (2/8, 25%) and Trichuris sp (1/8, 12,5%). In chickens were Ascaridia sp / sp Heterakis (33/62, 53,23%), Capillaria sp (39/62, 62,9%), Coccidio (6/62, 9,68%), Dispharynx sp (15/62, 24,19%) and Trichostrongyloidea sp (11/62, 17,74%). From the results, we concluded that the site poses a risk to human parasitic infestation, with the possibility of soil contamination by faeces and the development of zoonoses.
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Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para as hepatites virais B e C na comunidade ribeirinha de Pacuí-Cametá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) OLIVEIRA, Claudia Suellen Ferro de; MARTINS, Luisa Caricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799493244439769
Viral hepatitis is an important problem public health in Brazil, mainly in the northen region wich there are few studies in this area especiallu in coastal communities , due to difficult acess. The research aimed to determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in the Amazon river town, Pacui Island, city of Cametá, Para State, and to investigate the socio-economic characteristics and major risk factor that this community is exposed. Comprised a total of 181 volunteers, these blood samples were collected and applied an epidemiological questionnaire. The research of specific serological markers was perfomed by commercial ELISA kits for detection of HbsAg, anti-Hbc, anti-Hbs and anti-HCV. In patients reagent for HCV wad done RT-PCR for identificantion of viral RNA. In the analysis of serological markers for hepatitis B, no reactivity for HBsAg was observed, rates of 1,1% (2 – 181) for anti-HBc and 19,3% (35 – 181) for anti-Hbs. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C was 8,8% (16 – 181), 16 samples of reagent, 37,5% (6 – 16) hac HCV RNA. In the analysis of major risk factors stood out as not using condoms, sharing of nail clippers, hospitalization, multiple sexual partners and familiar with hepatitis B or C. It was observed that vaccination coverage against HBV is low in this community, and we found a high prevalence of HCV. The community had no knowledge about viral hepatitis B and C and not on the risk factors to which it is exposed.
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Validação de metodologia analítica para determinação de lumefantrina em plasma e sangue total adsorvido em papel de filtro por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em pacientes com malária por plasmodium falciparum
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-07) PINHEIRO, Priscila de Nazaré Quaresma; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
Among the tools to achieve the optimal treatment for malaria, it highlights the concentration monitoring of antimalarials in biological fluids. Considering that Coartem ® is used in first-line therapy for treatment of falciparum malaria, it is appropriate that this study aims to validate an analytical methodology for determination of lumefantrine in whole blood samples, adsorbed on filter paper, and in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in patients with falciparum malaria uncomplicated, using liquid-liquid extraction. Were carried out studies of selectivity, linearity, calibration curve, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, intra and inter assay precision, stability and robustness. The samples for study of applicability of the proposed method, were collected from patients with falciparum malaria using Coartem ® (artemether-20mg + lumefantrine-120mg) on D3. The optimized chromatographic conditions were: wavelength 335nm, flow 1.2 mL / min. and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water (60:40, v / v) pH = 3,5. The liquid-liquid extraction can be efficient, because the average recovery was 101.3% for plasma and 84.3% for whole blood. The method was selective and linear in the concentration range of 160 to 1760ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantitation was 32ng/mL and 160ng/mL. The average coefficient of variation intra assay, plasma and whole blood, respectively, were 10.88 and 8.38% and inter assay of 13.21 and 11.78%. The compound proved to be stable in whole blood absorbed onto filter paper for 70 days. Modification of pH, flow and mobile phase composition did not significantly alter the resolution of the analytes, suggesting an adequate strength. The method proved effective in quantifying lumefantrine in whole blood samples from patients with falciparum malaria and the validation parameters are consistent with the recommendations of regulatory agencies in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vírus da Hepatite C: prevalência dos genótipos, fatores de risco, alterações bioquímicas e histopatológicas de pacientes atendidos no Núcleo de Medicina Tropical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) FECURY, Amanda Alves; MARTINS, Luisa Caricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799493244439769
The hepatitis caused by HCV is a silent disease that tends to develop into the chronic form. The viral persistence depends on genetic factors of the individual and the virus (genotypes), lifestyle and exposure to risk factors increase the chances of the carrier to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. This study objective to check the liver function of patients with hepatitis C and evaluate the risk factors for acquiring the virus and determine the most prevalent HCV genotypes and the genotypes correlate with histopathologic findings of liver biopsies.. The sample consisted of 152 adult patients with reagent serology (ELISA) for anti-HCV, who agreed to participate, collected blood samples for analysis and answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Epidemiological analysis showed most male, age 45 years and a predominance of married or stable individuals. Regarding risk factors for acquiring the infection, there was a multiplicity of partners, not condom use, hospitalizations, and manicure kits share. In the detection of viral RNA, 107 (70,4%) were positive, with 97 (90,6%) genotype 1 and 10 (9,4%) genotype 3. There was no variation in the biochemical assays, the genotypes and histophatological changes. Of the 65 patients who underwent liver biopsy and histopathological examination, all patients had chronic hepatitis. Analyzing the histopatological changes and viral genotypes found association of these variables, with the genotype 1 related histological changes more intense. The results are in agreement with other previously reported.

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