Dissertações em Doenças Tropicais (Mestrado) - PPGDT/NMT

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3559

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Doenças Tropicais iniciou em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Carcinoma hepatocelular e as infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B e C na Amazônia Oriental: estudo clínico-sorológico e de biologia molecular
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-06) MIRANDA, Esther Castello Branco Mello; BENSABATH, Gilberta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0818254462635138; CRUZ, Ermelinda do Rosário Moutinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6061358867607317
In order to contribute to a better understanding of the possible role of hepatitis B and C in the etiopathogenis of hepatocellular carcínoma (HCC) in the East Amazon, there were studied 36 patients admited in three public hospitais in Belém/PA, from January,1992 to March,1999. The criteria to be enrolled in the study were the association of clinical and image procedures, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) above 400nglml in the serum and/or histopathology examination compatible to hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical aspects, biochemical and histological examination, serum levei of AFP and serological B and C hepatitis markers were evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect serum virus nucleic acids, HBV DNA and HCV RNA. There was a predominance for male sex in the prevalence of HCC (p<0.01 ) in a ratio of 6.2 to 1 (male/female). Regarding age, the Mean and the Median were 50.8 and 53.0 years respectively, and the Amptitude was 6 to 81 years. Most patients (52.7%) carne from rural regions. Farmer was the main occupation referred (p<0.01). Alcohol abuse was observed in 33.3%. Abdominal pain and hepatomegaly were the most recorded sign and symptoms in 94.4% of patients. Cirrhosis was detected in 83.3%. The majority of it belonged to class B or class C of Child-Pugh classification. During diagnosis, 50% of patients had some kind of complication, specially portal-systemic encephalopathy and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (upper digestive bleeding) related to the originai chronic liver disease. In 88,9% of the sample, one or more hepatitis B markers were positive. Also, 8,3% those patients had anti-HCV simultaneously positive. There were no serological markers in 11,1% of the casuistic. 58.3% had HBsAg serological positive test. Coinfection was detected in 2.8%. Antibodies to HBc were positive in 86%, being present in 25% of cases in association with the anti-HBs. Among patients positive to HBsAg, anti-HBe was observed in 85.7%, anti-HBe in 9.5% and IgM anti-HBc in 57.1%. There were no positive anti-HD in any sample case. The HBV DNA was found in 37.7% of ali patients and in 65% of the HBsAg positive. The HCV RNA was detected in 8.5% of the sample but in 100% of the patients positive to anti-HCV. Sera from patients negative to HBsAg or to anti- HCV had any evidence of HBV DNA or HCV RNA. The AFP was above the normal value in 88.9% of patients, with levels up to 400ng/ml in 75% of them and in 27.8% high titers superior to 70000 ng/ml were observed. The abdominal ultrasonography identified liver tumors with nodules, multiple or single, present respectively in 63.9% and 36.1% of the sample. The predominant histological tumor was trabecular well differentiated carcinoma (p<0.05). The least Mean age and the highest AFP serum levei (p<0.01 ) were recorded among patients HBsAg posítive. Most of patients had advanced illness. A death rate of 38.9% were recorded. In conclusion, hepatitis B virus infection seems to be important in the etiology of HCC in the East Amazon. Improving preventive measures such immunization and screening for early diagnosis of liver tumors in the risk population should be emphasyzed. Further control or direct studies need to be done to elucidate important possible cofactors in the region that may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms enrolled in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Malária por Plasmodium vivax na infância e na adolescência - aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-12-16) VENTURA, Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva; SOUZA, José Maria de
Worldwide malaria affects both children and adults, and it is known that clinical picture varies considerably in severity depending upon the immune status (particularly among children) and the infecting Plasmodium species. In the present investigation it was attempted to assess epidemiological, clinical, and laboratorial parameters of Plamodium vivax malaria during childhood and adolescence. In this study, between January, 1995 and November, 1996, it was enrolled 100 patients (both sexes), aged 0 to 14 years, who sought for medical treatment in the attendance outpacient unit of the Malaria Program of Evandro Chagas Institute, in Belem, Para State. All patients had a P. vivax-positive thick blood film. Regarding age, malaria were more frequently seen in adolescents, accounting for 37.0% of them. The fact that 34.0% of patients were identified as autochthonous cases of malaria indicates that disease is progressing in urban settings of the Amazon Region. Fever was found to be the earliest more frequent symptom in the course of illness, being recorded in 88.0% of children. At the first patients's attendance (Day 0, DO), fever, chill and headache (malarial triad) were noted in 97.0%, 91.0% and 85.0% of cases, respectively; while, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were recorded in 29.0% and 46.0% of them, respectively. Pallor was found to be significantly associated with anaemia (p< 0.05), in that 89.2% of pale children had low haemoglobin values. It is likely that anaemia has developed mainly as a result of haemolysis; although the delay in making the malaria diagnosis (an average of 12.5 days after onset of clinical symptoms) and concurrent hookworm intestinal parasitism may also have played a role in its pathogenesis. An additional finding from this study was that malnutrition seemed not to be associated with anaemia. Once treatment had iniciated, the malarial triad began to subside and asexual parasitaemia levels tended to decrease. The former parameter, however, was shown to be more evident than the latter one. Other clinical symptoms such as pallor, weakness, arthralgia, headache and dark urine lasted longer than did malarial triad, usually persisting for up to 14 days. During or soon after finishing treatment, complications were noted in 5.0% of children including: pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, impetigo, gastroenteritis and a rash of unknown etiology. A finding of practical interest is that ultrasonography was shown to be more sensitive than abdominal palpation in the detection of hepatoesplenomegaly. The start of drug therapy was followed by a progressive increase in haemoglobin levels, reticulocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) from DO (first day of treatment) to 07 (eighth day of treatment). Conversely, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration values decreased significantly from D0 to 07, probably because iron was present in bone marrow in decreased amounts.

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