Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Trajetória da Companhia Têxtil de Castanhal: a mais pura fibra amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-11-10) SOUZA, Narda Margareth Carvalho Gomes de; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
This work describes the historical trajectory of the Companhia Têxtil de Castanhal (CTC), a industry located at the Amazon Region, dedicated to spinning and weaving of the jute fiber, showing how it has standing in face of the jute producing chain in Brazil, sustaining itself in the textile sector for a long time, even in front of many adversities, becoming the national leader in the manufacture of jute products. The period reported in this study was from 1966 to 2006, relating some aspects about the origin and historical and socio-economic points of this kind of natural fiber, with the purpose to fundament a better understanding of the reasons of the founder for the emerging of the Company, the trusteeship of the Pacheco Borges Family, strategies adopted, obstructions, innovations, expansion and market movements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Agricultura familiar e seu papel na produção rural paraense: uma análise a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) CORREA, Alan Tiago; RAVENA CAÑETE, Thales Maximiliano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291249974166783
Family farming plays a crucial role in agricultural production in the state of Pará, serving as one of the main sources of employment and income in rural areas while significantly contributing to the local and regional economy. The practices adopted by small-scale producers are essential for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources. Studying family farming in Pará allows for a deeper understanding of its specificities and challenges, providing valuable insights for the development of more effective and inclusive public policies. This study aims to analyze, based on data provided by the 2017 Agricultural Census, the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, with an emphasis on its contribution to the supply of the domestic market. The research seeks to answer the following question: “What is the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, considering its contribution to the supply of the domestic market, based on the 2017 Agricultural Census?”. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study explores the nuances and qualitative aspects of family farming's contribution, including the social, cultural, and economic dynamics that permeate this activity, as well as the challenges faced by small producers. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis provides an objective view of the sector's contribution, using data on agricultural production. The analytical method is based on the description of variables related to family farming and the evolution of agricultural production. For this, data from the 2017 Agricultural Census are used, covering areas such as rural agroindustry, livestock, forestry, temporary and permanent crops, plant extraction, floriculture, and horticulture. The results indicate that family farming also stands out in the supply of higher value-added products, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes. These crops, which require specialized management and are market-oriented, are fundamental to the supply of local fairs and markets in urban areas, establishing a direct connection between rural and urban spaces. This productive diversification not only strengthens family farming but also ensures an efficient local supply chain, reducing dependency on large producers and external products. By focusing on the domestic market, small-scale farmers guarantee a continuous supply of essential products, particularly in times of crisis or logistical challenges.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agronegócio do dendê: evolução no Estado do Pará, no Brasil e no Peru
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-03) VÁSQUEZ, Jorge Arturo Mori; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Oil palm monoculture is increasing in the world and in the entire Amazonian watershed. It is therefore necessary to have a scientific insight on the applied public policies of this sector, it is also important to assess the influence of technological changes in order to enhance positive impacts and to neutralize or mitigate negative impacts. It was used an evolutionary approach to determine the influence of; public policy of tax exemptions and credits (which allowed a strong initial capitalization of companies in the sector), the creation or adaptation of state organizations (to promote the development of plantations), as well as the technological development of breeding, pest management (to increase the production), harvest of fresh fruit branches (to reduce cost and increase production) and the treatment process of extraction palm oil waste (to allow the environmental license) in the development of oil palm agribusiness in the Brazilian state of Para and Peru. A survey was conducted to get some information from the current local farmers and it was also done a historical study on the public policy of tax exemptions, credits and the creation of state institutions or the changes that they experienced, such as the technological changes in this agribusiness. The similar issues found in Para and Peru were: (i) the states with public funds, are those who created this monoculture, (ii) they created organizations/institutions and legal regulations to promote its development; and (iii) at the beginning, tax releases were established to favor only large companies but in recent years these policies allowed direct access to credits to microproducers, it has increased the social base defense of this crop against to opponent ecologist groups. It was found a "predisposition" of the authorities to promote this monoculture and the acceptance of the local farmers due to the permanent "income." It suggested that better public policy in addition to better decisions of the public and private enterprises and the use of superior technology brought together higher production levels of palm oil fresh fruit in Para and Peru, and the increase of planting areas in the last years. Moreover the palm oil waste treatment in both countries is considered as an extra cost and it is only done by big enterprises. It was concluded that the state play the role of player-mediator, which main role was the promotion and development of this monoculture, likewise, the technological development facilitated to the increase of production levels, it supports even more to the promotion of palm oil monoculture in both states.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Alta modernidade e a revolução socioambiental: indivíduo e coletividade na reprodução sociometabólica do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-18) COSTA, Gilson da Silva; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073
This thesis is a study of contemporary marxism sociology on the High Modernity around the relationship between individual and collectivity in the sociometabolic reproduction of the development and the sustainability - with cutout for Great Amazon, Post-War, from emergence of the Information Society Global. This is particularly the socio-economic phenomena, and socio-political currents in Latin America, the Caribean and Great Amazon, from its urban world and its correlation with the field. It runs thoughts on the prospect of socialist revolution based on Social and Environmental Revolution, featuring the politically historic stage of high modernity when there is participation or non-participation of the individual and community (peoples, working class) and what are its effects on for capital, labor, state and nature - from the daily practice in the pursuit of sustainability (social, economic, political, cultural and environmental). It examines how the process of sociometabolic reproduction of current capitalist society deepens the alienation, ideology, and skepticism among the working classes and peoples of Latin America - which is manifested in the dialectical contradiction between individual and community via participation or political apathy. Filtered through the perspective of sociometabolic building of the rational development and effective sustainability through Socialist, Environmental or Ecosocialist Revolution. Throughout the chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of collective action and social capital in Latin America and these may or may not influence the disruption and construction of this new societal formation, since the mechanism of mobilization, involvement and political and critical participation of the communities, and of social and political subject of the revolution in the macro region. Some theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of Historical and Dialectical Materialism and General Systems Theory are promoted in the work. The theoretical contributions are articulated around interpretations and formulations such as the rational and effective sustainability, within and between dialectical permanent; socialism or extermination; “hecatombstagflation”; environmental revolution, hyper-alienation; super-ideology; ultra-skepticism; revolutionary social capital, among others. The methodological contributions arise from the junction of the method of study, analysis and interpretation of Historical Dialectic Materialism (HDM) and General Systems Theory (GST), articulated in the formulations: Historical Ecological Cybernated System (HECS); Dialectical Materialism and Historical Systemic (DMHS), which allow for greater analytical power and explanatory observations, readings and interpretations of facts, phenomena and situations addressed in this research. Weaving a wireless connection between the elements that deal with the capitalist development in high modernity - from the individual and the collectivity forward to the radicalization of alienation, ideology, and skepticism in the Global Informational Society - setting the phenomenon of development from a Marxist theoretical framework. The work discusses the relevance of the Socialist Revolution and the perspective of the Environmental Revolution, and the potential, limitations and opportunities of a Program of Transition to Socialism Ecological, Environmental or Ecosocialist, because the process of sociometabolic reproduction of the current corporate development and the tensions surrounding the real prospect of sustainability - precisely between Great Amazon building a new vision of cultural, socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional which begins to emerge and tends to swell in coming decades of the century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de eficiência técnica da Segurança Pública no combate ao crime de homícidio nos Municípios dos Estados Federados da Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-26) MORAES, Arthur Cezar Anaissi de; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277
The thesis aimed to analyze the efficiency of public security expenditures in controlling the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) and socioeconomic variables in the municipalities belonging to the Federated States of the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015. The methodology used consisted in estimating a technical efficiency score calculated by municipality and with this it stratified by layers of isoefficiency the obtained results, delimited in this way: 0,01 and 0,25 (low efficiency), 0,25 and 0,50 ( (efficiency), 0.50 and 0.75 (average efficiency), and 0.75 and 1.00 (high efficiency), according to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The hypotheses tested were as follows: Hypothesis 01: The evolution of the overall total efficiency score (eftg), for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated with the socioeconomic nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015, being largely classified as Low efficiency. Hypothesis 02: The evolution of the efficiency score by population size, for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated to the population nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015, being large part classified as High efficiency. The results obtained by empirical comparison of the descriptive mean indicate that the efficiency estimation for the control of the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) is delimited by socioeconomic, institutional and population factors, among the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos de mudanças nas precipitações pluviométricas sobre produtos florestais não madeireiros e as lavouras permanentes do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) NOGUEIRA, Ana Karlla Magalhães; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194
The objective of the thesis was to analyze the impacts of the changes in rainfall on non-timber forest products (NTFP) and permanent crops in the state of Pará from 1999 to 2013, measured by means of a panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Hence, the socioeconomic and environmental benefit of extraction and commercialization of Brazil nut, andiroba and copaiba oils were calculated. The influence of changes in rainfall levels on the permanent crop market in the mesoregions in the state of Pará were also measured from 2000 to 2013 by estimating the supply and demand equations in the form of fixed-effects dynamic panel data. It was verified in the analyzed period that the demand and the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops were inelastic in price. The income elasticity of demand encompassed Brazil nuts and andiroba and copaiba oils as superior goods and the permanent crops as essential to consumption. The cross-elasticity of demand indicated a complementary relationship between acai and Brazil nuts and substitution between products of permanent and temporary crops. The cross-elasticity of supply indicated that the production of oils and Brazil nuts does not compete with the use of labor, land and capital in the local market, since they are considered as joint products. In contrast, in relation to temporary crops, the cross-elasticity of the supply of permanent crops indicated a competitive relationship with the factors of production. Changes in rainfall have a negative influence on the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops in the mesoregions of Pará state. Regarding Brazil nuts, the results also showed that due to changes in the levels of the rainfall, a decrease has occurred in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of western Pará since 1999, which is a decrease of 16.46% in relation to the benefit obtained before the change in the rainfall levels. As for the distribution of benefits after changes in rainfall, consumers were those who had the main losses, with a drop of 10.22% (-R$ 5,406.03 thousand) of total benefits. With respect to the oils of andiroba and copaiba, a decrease of 1.45% (-R$68.72 thousand) was also verified in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of the western Pará. Consumers were the main losers, with a loss of -R$124.67 thousand/year. The objective of this research was to analize the impacts of changes on rainfalldy about forest
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Boas práticas agrícolas: análise de viabilidade financeira em propriedades sojicultoras e pecuaristas do Nordeste Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-22) CHIACCHIO, Jayne Isabel da Cunha Guimarães; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
According to data from PRODES / INPE (2008), from 1988 to 2008, 369,154 km ² were deforested in the Amazon, an annual average of 17,578 km ². This process has been driven primarily by expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture. Several policies have been created to reduce deforestation. And these are targeted, usually by command and control instruments. A recent innovation, however, has been the search for improvements in environmental quality in medium and large farms through the introduction of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Based on this, this paper aims to examine whether the introduction of BPA in medium and large soy farms and ranches located northeast of Mato Grosso represents a financially viable alternative. The survey was conducted in five municipalities located northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Xingu watershed: Água Boa, Canarana, Querência, Bom Jesus do Araguaia and São Félix do Araguaia. First, we collected detailed data from activities in the region of study. For that, 40 farmers were interviewed (20 soy farmers and 20 ranchers). The second step raised the cost data of adoption of good practices on 14 soy farms and ranches found in the Registry of Social-Environmental Responsibility (RSR) of the Aliança da Terra (AT)/Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM). For the analysis of financial viability of Good Practice, we used three instruments: simple return, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return. The results showed that BPA is capable of implementation, but there is a financial loss for the producer when he chooses to adopt BPA. However, opportunities for gains from adoption of BPA (such as the receipt by REDD, increased productivity, increased selling prices, among others) can reduce these "losses" and equalize the gains to production without BPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Cadeias de valor alimentar inclusivas e sustentáveis do açaí e do peixe: o caso de Abaetetuba, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-15) SALGADO, Mayany Soares; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The inclusive and sustainable food value chains of assai and fish are activities that generate income, employment, foreign exchange, with exports to Brazilian and international markets, as well as being fundamental to supplying the local market and preserving the natural stocks of assai trees in floodplains and fish in regional rivers in the territory of influence of the city of Abaetetuba. Due to the importance of these products in functional food, demand has been growing faster than supply, causing pressure on the stocks of these natural assets and generating environmental externalities in all links of these chains. In this context, the general objective of the thesis was to analyze the configuration of the assai fruit and fish value chains and the interaction between extractivism and the consumer market, taking into account the agents that act and define the peasant territoriality of the municipality of Abaetetuba. The methodology includes descriptive and interpretive analyses of the literature review and of the primary and secondary data collected. The field research, for the collection of primary data, contemplated the qualitative approach, with the use of the in-depth interview technique, aiming to capture the dynamics of the riverside peasants in their survival, based on the exploitation of natural resource stocks, and the quantitative approach, from the application of questionnaires, for the analysis of market information, via specification of consumer demands for assai and fish. The representative sample included 342 interviewees, with a confidence level of 95% and a sampling error of 5.4%. The results showed the lack of commitment of the agents that operate in the processing and marketing links of the products with the preservation of the floodplain in Abaetetetubense, due to their lack of knowledge and experience of the dynamics and preservation needs of the natural ecosystems of the floodplains, and because they only aim at short-term economic results. Consumers of fish and assai extractivism on the islands of Abaetetuba are willing to pay R$ 58.20 and R$ 98.74 per family per month to maintain the preservation of natural stocks of assai and fish, in order to ensure market supply and provide families with a healthy food consumption pattern of 43.12 l of assai and 30.27 kg of fish, respectively. It is concluded that the riverside territoriality, composed of peasants and local intermediaries, showed a high conception of the importance of the environment, related to its existence in the floodplain, from the practice of fishing and assai extraction carried out with the use of techniques of sustainable bases and by the family unit, which provided greater scope for the inclusion of this link in the chain. The main contribution of this thesis was to show the interconnected configuration of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the assai and fish chains, from significant results, to potentiate local development, from the stimulation of social organization and vertical integration of the production of riverside peasants with the agroindustry of functional foods in the territory of Abaetetuba.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Campesinato e abastecimento na Zona Bragantina (1880–1960)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-29) LEANDRO, Leonardo Milanez de Lima; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
Historically constituted by free workers who had occupied the territory nearby Bragança, the bragantino peasantry contributed for the supplying of commercial circuits and developed industrial activities in Para. The theoretical and conceptual articulation that based the interpretation of transformations on the Zona Bragantina is placed in a critical perspective, whose conceptions deal with categories as dynamic elements, therefore inserted in a historical and materialist perspective. It criticizes the interpretations on the responsibility attributed to the peasantry for the ambient degradation, Para’s supplying crisis and for the agricultural production frequently assigned as declining, always placing the field in relation to the city. Bragantina’s occupation and expansion was observed, as well as the transformations which passed the road of Bragança and the contribution of producing nuclei created by the colonies. Even though the excluding character of the imperial government actions, during the republican phase the peasantry passed through social transformation processes, whose critical perspective put it back in history as responsible for part of Amazonia’s supplying. In consequence of the shortening of fallow period, the peasants made a technical change that evidences its sensitivity to the markets. Thus, the production of diverse foodstuffs and other products for the agro industry based its reproductive processes, guided not only for the attendance of family needs but also for the attendance of market demands. In conclusion, the Zona Bragantina, although has been received capitalists investments, still configures itself which a peasant frontier and, ultimately, the declining argument would be replaced by diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Certificações aplicadas a produtos da sociobiodiversidade na Amazônia: desafios para a sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-25) SOUSA, Pollyanna Coêlho de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Certifications focused on sustainability are a series of practices that can help improve the quality of life of traditional populations in the Amazon, by providing advantages such as the use of sustainable agricultural production methods, increased productivity, reduced socioenvironmental impact, management forestry that helps conserve biodiversity and generate income. The general objective of the research was to analyze how sustainability certifications are being implemented with community organizations in the Amazon, using the cumaru almond and açaí fruit production chains as a case study. The hypothesis that motivated the research was the following: the implementation of sustainability certifications brings benefits to community organizations, which can result in a better quality of life for traditional populations in the Amazon, compared to those that do not adopt any standards. The results indicate that the benefits can be perceived in dimensions such as: Quality Management; Handler Management; Environmental management; Risk management. The use of certifications with community organizations is recommended, as long as other development models are equally recognized and respected, encouraging the promotion of inclusive and sustainable Amazon sociobiodiversity chains. It is noteworthy that it is possible that the benefits identified in community organizations that adopt some sustainability standard are related to other factors, linked to the historical and regional context, which may have resulted in more evident advances in some communities than in others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade dos invisíveis? Indígenas e impactos de políticas neodesenvolvimentistas em Altamira, sudoeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-29) CARDOSO, Suelem Maciel; PEREIRA, José Carlos Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5035063852013346; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
From an interdisciplinary perspective, this research meets the theme "indigenous people in cities of large projects". Analyzing the presence and meaning of indigenous peoples in the middle city of Altamira in the context of large Amazonian projects, associated with the neodevelopment model, in the most recent period, is its main objective. In this sense, the urban space is our focus of empirical analysis, being the target of many public and private policies conflicting with the ways of life of a city with a strong link with the Xingu River. To systematize the research, we use the following methodological procedures: a) theoretical-conceptual bibliographic review of themes pertinent to the research; b) historical-geographic revision on the socio-spatial formation of the city of Altamira; c) survey of primary and secondary data on indigenous peoples in the city of Altamira and their ways of life, as well as their significance in the context of urban and regional development policies and the mitigation and compensation of impacts of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant; d) individual recorded interviews with semi-structured questions. With the implementation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the sub-region of the Southwest of paraense and the middle course of the Xingu River, in the scope of neo-developmental policies, many rights of the Xingu-indigenous peoples have been violated. From the enterprise, the movement for rights struggle and specific policies for this differentiated population was increased, especially in the intra-urban space of Altamira, which was reflected in the increase in the number of indigenous organizations and their associates in the city. The set of policies designed for the region and the city to develop and mitigate or compensate for impacts of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, despite the fact that their diagnoses are attentive to some particularities, such as the indigenous presence and their way of life, has not been taken into account
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidades, vulnerabilidade e adaptação às mudanças climáticas: um estudo na Região Metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-20) FARIAS, Glorgia Barbosa de Lima; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
Despite the remaining uncertainties about climate change, researches show that global warming is inevitable, making fundamental the governmental investment on policies to minimize the vulnerability and the develop of adaptation plans to the impacts of these changes. In the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB), urban areas are subject to flooding, which climate change may influence on changes in their frequency, magnitude and location. The factors that determine the impacts, vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change are complex and uneven in different regions, being directly related, among other things to the level of social development and responsiveness of the society in various scales. Based on this, the research aimed to define the degree of vulnerability and adaptation to the impacts of flooding due to climate change at the RMB, considering the social, housing and sanitation aspects. By building a matrix of analysis, the multicriteria analysis and the definition of an index, it was concluded that the vulnerability degree in the RMB is average in urban areas of the municipalities of Belém and Ananindeua, and high in Marituba, Benevides, and Santa Isabel of Pará, requiring investments in measures, plans and adaptation projects in sanitation infrastructure and housing, as well as improving the social aspects related to income, education and health
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ciência do sagrado na Amazônia. Encontros entre a tradição e modernidade nas práticas de pajelanças e religiões afro-brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) NASCIMENTO, Ana Lídia Cardoso do; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The cure process by means of empiric knowledge of experience and livingness always been part of social and cultural relation of human population in different context of realities. And the amazon reality as beares of richness and potentiality of sociobiodiversity sustain with natural crativity of religious beliefs framework mistical and magical character. The same, will give opportunity the construction of a scape based on ancestral heritage with the indigenous pajelança interspected of new settings about creative power from natives of Amazon of pajelança and their syncretic and sinthetyc nature of many other influences and the insertion of african religiosity even not being originating of amazon, understand with intelligence and wisdom the knowledge already existent and resignify their religiosity. In this sense, the discution as these, in their procedures and rituals , may generate instituting body that was stipulated to call in the present work as sacred science. In this drawing that this research was constructed in the sense to identify a construction of a scienceas sacred, guided by the light and direction of this religious practices. That not only represents and are identified as religion, but also expand horizon and expand their comprehension of world and religion to relate and be mediator of spiritual entities with supernatural knowledge that are in different dimension of rationa science. The intention of this study was to reach various geographical areas in the same time similar in the construction of perception and religious practices in the paraense Amazon and extrapoling the limits up to enter in the Pan-Amazonia on Triple Frontier: Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Thus, the search field was in the state of Pará, was worked with the metropolitan region of Belém, cities as: Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba; In the Marajó archipelago: Juruti city. And the Triplice Frontier the cities of Tabatinga-Ma and Letícia-Co. The basic theoretical categories were: sacred and religiosity and science on Amazon, indigenous sacred, afrobrazilian religion, pajelança founded to the discution of ―South Espistemology‖, ―perspectivism ameridian or indigenous‖. The methodology adopted has an interdisciplinary orientation, guided by qualitative and documental research , understanding the reality in the multidimensional nature. And, in function of these theoretical discution associated with analysis of knowledge and productions of people autonomus of cure , it is concluded that exist an instituted science, with a body of knowledge , principles methodologies and appopriate techniques were exist people that are benefited and with effective support that the application of such knowledge can bring improvement of live and changes the state of embalance installed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cogestão de recursos em reserva extrativista da Amazônia: o caso da Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-24) MAGNO, Giselle Gomes; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The Extractive Reserves (Resex) of the Amazon represent a natural laboratory for studies of models of co-management of shared resources between the State (manager) and communities (residents). The premise of a shared management or co-management model starts from the construction of cooperation between individuals and/or institutions that use resources through participatory mechanisms and processes implemented to create support for the cooperation of groups that use resources (eg, territory, extractive area and natural resources). This study analyzes the adherence of the governance system of the Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, located on Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brazil, to the principles considered necessary for the construction of an effective co-management for the governance of common use resources. In addition to identifying the relationship of forces between the State and the traditional population in the management of resources and in the use of the territory, mainly in decision-making and in conflict resolution, evaluating the arenas of concertation and their relationships. The study made it possible to identify, through documents and interviews, some principles that reached greater maturity in the implementation eg: Defined limits, Congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local conditions, Minimum recognition of organizational rights; Nested enterprises) and where improvement is needed (eg, Collective Choice Arrangements; Monitoring; Graduated Sanctions; Conflict Resolution Mechanisms). The hierarchical relationship between the decision-making arenas exist (local meetings would support the meetings by poles, which in turn would support the Management Board). However, they are still fragile in terms of their frequency, functioning and protagonism of communities and ICMBio in issues associated with co-management of the territory. The transgression of governance principles for the use of resources and territory can be illustrated both by the lack of fundamental management instruments for the administration of the RESEX, such as a Management Plan, which makes it difficult to organize economic and environmental actions on the use of resources within the Unit, but also (and mainly) due to the ineffectiveness of the co management instruments already implemented. The good participation of the actors indicates that there is interest in these spaces, however bureaucratic and unilateral interests can inhibit active participation. The analysis of the co-management of the Terra Grande-Pracuúba Extractive Reserve concludes that the governance system implemented was not effective in the shared management of the use of natural resources and territory. In addition, decision-making in collective arenas presented difficulties in applying the rules for the use of natural resources and territory for the pacification of conflicts, for the reproduction of the traditional way of life and for the support of cooperation between groups of users.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidad negra de Itacoã: territorio, biodiversidad y organización social, pilares para el etnodesarrollo?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-22) SCOLES CANO, Ricardo; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This research analyses and argues the possibilities and limitations of ethno-development in the black community of Itacoã from the study of its sustainability pillars: land, biodiversity and social organization. It should be taken into account that this village, located in the region of “Baixo Acará”, is undergoing a process of transformation of its productive activities due to a big demand of economic incomes from its families. Therefore, the use and management of the natural resources, the geographical closeness to the city of Belem do Para, and the internal management ability have all contributed as positive factors to improve the living conditions of the local population. However, the high rate of population compared to the geographical extension, the underground level of most social services and the seasonal difficulties to get some wages have all become obstacles to carry out rural development practices. It is also worth mentioning the preservation of the diversity of medicine and fruit plants in the area of research, as a result of the traditional agro forest management and the contradictions derived from the relations among the different families in the village and among them and the institutions involved, both state and private ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação, biodiversidade e bioeconomia: discursos neoliberais e a “Ecologia da Plantation” da soja na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-15) NUNES, Adriana; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
This doctoral thesis studies and analyzes the power-knowledge relations and devices that have created in the Amazon an idea of dominant conservation, with a state character, based on the decarbonization of production processes, changes in land use, and the commoditization of the forest and its biodiversity and ecosystem services. In times of facing the bioclimatic crisis, and the Amazon itself is threatened with collapse, the most recent global political-scientific discourse advocates transformative changes in the relationship between society and nature, notably in the global economic model, capable of resolving the climate crisis, paralyzing the loss of planetary biodiversity and provide sustainable development, a Great Reset. The research object is, in turn, centered on public policies seen as transformative and, at the same time, conciliatory of development and forest conservation in a soybean frontier in the Amazon and at the same time considered a laboratory of public conservation policies, from which new notions and appropriations of global discourse emerge, such as “skills ecology”, “ecoefficiency”, “efficient landscape”, and more broadly, “forest restoration”, “carbon neutral”, “low-energy economy”. carbon”, “sustainable transition” and “Bioeconomy”. The main empiric of the research is the “Municipal Model of Development and Territorial Intelligence of Paragominas”, in the state of Pará, more specifically the conservation of Legal Reserve (RL) areas of private rural properties. The theoretical instrument of the thesis is interdisciplinary, combining knowledge from biological sciences and analytical studies of power and discourse in the human sciences. The methodological options bring together the overlapping of spatial scales, bibliographic and documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and mapping of power-knowledge relationships and devices put in place in the name of conservation, dynamic between the State, companies, institutions, NGOs, and other actors. It is argued in this thesis that a new global social order, which not only includes conservation, but holds within it the condition of possibility for maintaining neoliberal practices of domination of space and its resources, is underway. This new sense of conservation, socially produced, offers technical solutions to crises that arise from serious political problems such as inequality of access and use of natural resources, imposing knowledge that promotes market environmentalism, and does not act on real drivers. At the same time, they make invisible the practices of social agents, who through their ways of life ensure biological, social, cultural and economic diversity, becoming dominant over practices based on the common principle. We conclude that the Amazon has been the scene of an impostor conservation, based on “technosciences”, which uses the practice of abandoning other areas to regeneration to destroy the LR, converting the forest and its biodiversity into soybeans and other agricultural commodities; it expropriates and pulverizes local family farming communities and prioritizes actors and sectors associated with export commodities, in public development policies and confronting the bioclimatic crisis. The “ecology” present in the “aptitude maps”, “eco-efficient conservation” and transition/transformation of sustainable agriculture constitutes a “Plantation Ecology” of soy, which goes beyond the region, as it is organized and benefits power groups of instances, organizations and institutions in addition to the certified and traceable landscapes of Paragominas. The results of the five (5) chapters produced constitute an effort to show through which processes the practices that transmute deforestation, destruction of socio-biodiversity and concentration of monetary and non-monetary benefits, in power groups, into conservation discourses are organized.
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Continuidade e descontinuidade administrativa: um estudo comparado entre programas de microcrédito municipais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-20) CEREJA, Fabiola Alves; PONT VIDAL, Josep; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4415362518177732
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Dendê na Amazônia: reflexo socioeconômico, crescimento de cidades e dinâmica espacial do desmatamento no polo de produção do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-25) FERREIRA, Susane Cristini Gomes; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1089731342748216; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-9424; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The cultivation of oil palm in the Amazon was conceived as a policy to promote biofuels associated with inclusive and sustainable local development, especially in rural areas. Studies involving oil palm plantations in the state of Pará, a producer hub, focus on the rural socio-environmental impacts of the crop, highlighting aspects such as changes in land use and socio-economic implications for family farmers. However, the expressive growth of oil palm in Pará cannot be dissociated from its impact on municipalities and, mainly, cities that develop around this culture. The potential of this export-oriented agricultural system to generate externalities that lead to urban and non-agricultural economic growth, and to cause potential spillovers from deforestation to neighboring municipalities is still little known. In this study, the social consequences, the growth of cities and the spatial dynamics of deforestation in the production pole of the state of Pará were evaluated. Specifically, the objective was: (1) To review and evaluate the main public policies that encouraged the cultivation of oil palm in the Amazon and the socio-environmental effects of these plantations in the northeast of Pará, specifically in the microregion of Tomé-Açu; (2) Assess the spillover effects of oil palm production in the largest Brazilian producing region, focusing on the urban and non-agricultural impact on economic growth, demography and the labor market in the period from 2002 to 2017; and (3) Investigate the spatial-temporal dynamics of deforestation in the oil palm agribusiness hub through empirical evidence on the importance of neighborhood effects (spatial effect) in the response to deforestation in the state's oil palm producing municipalities in the period between 2003 and 2017. To meet the first objective, this study carried out a documentary analysis for the period 2005 to 2016, in which family farmers were satisfied with the income from the production of oil palm fruits, while there were non-conformities between the original sustainability guidelines and the social inclusion provided for in government programs to encourage oil palm production, which suggests a lack of monitoring and inspection by the State. The second objective was achieved through econometric data analysis on a random effect panel and with structural break analysis. The results showed that the oil palm activity fostered non-agricultural sectors (eg, service sectors), contributing to the formal non-agricultural labor market, generating taxes in the surrounding cities and industrial dynamization, mainly from 2010, coinciding with the period implementation of the incentive policy. The third objective was achieved via spatial lag models. The results showed changes in the variables correlated with deforestation over the period studied. Before the incentive policy (Sustainable Palm Oil Production Program - PPSOP), pasture area was directly correlated and GDP per capita was inversely correlated with deforestation. Oil palm production was not correlated with deforestation. In the year of launch of the PPSOP, the number of inhabitants was strongly correlated with deforestation, probably associated with an increase in immigration rates. In the post-PPSOP period, the value of oil palm production was negatively correlated with deforestation. Therefore, in the period studied, oil palm did not affect deforestation or was associated with its reduction. After the PPSOP, once again, pasture area was positively correlated and GDP per capita was negatively correlated with deforestation. Furthermore, the spatial dynamics of deforestation showed that neighboring municipalities influenced deforestation behavior mainly through two types of classifications: high (High-High) and low (Low-Low) deforestation. The general conclusion of this study was that oil palm has generated economic growth in the surrounding cities, contributing to the reduction of deforestation in the production hub of Pará, but still with difficulties in the mechanisms of social inclusion advocated by the incentive policies. The spatial effect, represented here by the interaction of deforestation rates between neighboring municipalities, proved to be a relevant factor in the investigation of deforestation dynamics in the region. Given the observed intersectorial links and lesser environmental impact on remaining forests, it constitutes a promising economic activity for the region, although with a potential effect on other variables that produce negative externalities. The limitations imposed by the scope of this study keep open the understanding of other dimensions of sustainability pursued by policies to encourage oil palm. Strengthening the sector's competitiveness and permanent monitoring of the direct and indirect socio-environmental impacts of oil palm production could contribute to promoting improvements in the development indicators of the region of production.
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A Descentralização e a gestão ambiental municipal no Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-04) SILVA, Benedito Evandro Barros da; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The state of Pará has made a major effort to decentralize its environmental management, although the lack of mechanisms to monitor and evaluate this process undermines the transparency, monitoring and improvement of the decentralization policy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze municipal environmental management in the state of Pará from the analysis of decentralization policies and municipal performance in environmental management. The history of the policies was carried out through documentary analysis and the legal framework. The performance was evaluated based on the development of a municipal environmental management performance index (iGAM) and the perception of local public agents on the environmental management of their municipality. The methodology was applied to 143 municipalities in Pará and the performance of the municipal environmental management was evaluated for the year 2009 and 2015. The perception of the agents on the management was evaluated through a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale applied to two groups of environmental technicians belonging to municipalities with “good” and “poor” performance in management. The results showed that the decentralization of environmental management had its greatest evolution since the year 2009, motivated by public policies and strong pressures to reduce deforestation, however, they lack mechanisms to monitor the quality of environmental management. The iGAM, characterized by land use change variables, which explained more than 70% of the total variance, categorized the municipalities into four performance classes (good, fair, bad and very bad), which were shown in maps. Between 2009 and 2015, there was some improvement in the performance of municipalities. However, the decentralization measures seem to be more political than environmentally effective, since only 21.7% of the 143 municipalities were classified as having good environmental management in 2015. Municipalities in eastern Pará had the poorest management performance in both periods, illustrating regions where unsustainable and misguided national policies have been fostered since the 1970s. In general, iGAM was positively affected by factors such as population, communication and protected areas in municipalities and negatively affected by rural credit, GDPm and rural environmental cadastre. Public agents, with more optimistic perceptions than reality, tended to qualify management differently than expected from empirical data, suggesting the need for mixed monitoring. The variables associated with changes in land use were also key to differentiate the perception of agents from different groups. A cost-effective monitoring of agents’ perceptions by public environmental agencies could focus on the variables that actually differentiate them in terms of perception: degraded area, secondary vegetation, abandoned pasture, deforested area; pasture area; rural credit and rural environmental cadastre. There is still a lot of room for improving the effectiveness of municipal environmental management in Pará. However, it is important to note that many policies with a profound impact at the municipal level are elaborated at higher hierarchical levels and, therefore, responsibility must be shared. The monitoring of environmental management in a synergistic way is as important as it is indispensable to improve the performance of municipalities by enabling the different levels of state public administration to evaluate, plan, monitor, implement and guarantee development in order to preserve environmental quality in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento local e capital social: uma análise interdisciplinar do processo de indução do DLIS no Estado de Roraima
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06-20) FREITAS, Nádia Magalhães da Silva; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
A new trend in terms of actions for the local development has been configured. These actions consider the territory and its actors. It is in this context that the inductions methodology of the Integrated and Sustainable Local Development (DLIS, from the portuguese Desenvolvimento Local Integrado e Sustentável) arises. This Program is a strategy of participatory induction for the development, which mobilizes communities resources, that in partnership with the State (in its three levels) and the market, reaches diagnostics and identify potential vocations, prepare integrated development plans, in the perspective of the subjects involvement as proponents and protagonists of a social action in their territories. With this study it was aimed to understand the multidimensionality of the DLIS process in the state of Roraima, and at the same time, looking for the causal link between the socio-economic trajectories (results) of DLIS and social capital. The survey is characterized as qualitative research. The case study method was applied, involving the municipalities of Rorainópolis, Uiramutã, Baliza and Pacaraima. It was adopted three dimensions analytical contextual, which are: conceptual, implementation and of impact. In the evaluation of social capital were considered as variables the participation, trust, cooperation and networks. During the data interpretation, the following approaches were employed: contextual analysis, descriptive analysis, differences in proportions analysis and correspondence analysis. The survey results showed that some concepts and categories employed by the Program, while important, have some failures. Two municipalities, Rorainópolis and Uiramutã, were considered as good results. This, because they combine a number of issues that expressed desirable conditions to turn the DLIS effective with its multiple dimensions. Moreover, the municipalities of Baliza and Pacaraima were classified as bad results municipalities. The results of the DLIS in Rorainópolis and Uiramutã are linked to the social capital (positive relation). Despite of the extensive literature that assigns the relevance of the social capital, it does not have, yet, satisfactory instruments to measure the social capital. In this context and in fact, the understanding of these results represents merely an approximation.