Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção e difusão de inovação no estado do Pará: uma análise a partir do sistema regional de inovação (1995 - 2006)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CRUZ, Adejard Gaia; CAMPOS, Índio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9134366210754829
In an economical context, where intangible factors, like innovation and learning assume a increasing importance in the productive process, the regional innovation system becomes an important instrument of economical development.. The state of Pará reveals an economy seated in the primary production, with low technological intensity and low competitiveness. In order to demonstrate the innovative capacity of the state of Pará in the optics of its regional system of innovation, the research analyses the processes of adoption an diffusion of innovations in three different sectors. Further, investigates the relationship among productive sectors, the university and the public politics of S&T. In spite of the existence of an important institutional arrangement of R&D, the interaction absence among the agents restricts the generation, diffusion and adoption of new technologies, denoting a reduced regional innovative capacity. That condition is worsened by the fragility of the public politics of S&T, configuring a deformed and disjointed regional system of innovation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar camponesa no planalto santareno: formas de existência em Mojuí dos Campos-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-09) BORGES, Anderson Coelho; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Peasant family agriculture is characterized by those families that, through land ownership and access to available natural resources, seek to solve their productive and reproductive problems through extractive, agricultural and non-agricultural rural production. Taking this concept into account, the objective is to analyze in a multiscale way the characteristics that enable the understanding of the conditions related to the decision of the peasant family to seek or not to trigger pluriativity. To this end, using an interdisciplinary approach, qualitative and quantitative data were used, obtained, respectively, through the participant observation technique in two communities - Mojuí dos Pereiras and Terra de Areia - located in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos and from the mobilization of the secondary database and the selection of variables (land, labour force and institutional context) collected in field research with the peasant production units. Thus, in the light of peasant investment theory, a pattern was identified among peasant families that engage in non agricultural activities, they have restrictions on land, labour or both, while those families that have land and labour force in conditions sufficient for their reproduction are dedicated only to agricultural labour
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Agricultura praticada no espaço urbano: o caso do bairro Almir Gabriel em Marituba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-12) ROSA, Ciria Cristiane da; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Marituba is a municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará. From 2006 to 2017 years, an agricultural census was carried out, during this period 11 years there has been a decline of 65% of family production units. That reduction is associated with numerous factors such as: the aging of farmers, lack of interest from younger people, lack of public policies and of technical assistance and rural extension. In addition to these aspects, there was an increase population in the municipality. The agriculture that is developed in the municipality supplies the markets of the capital of Pará and is characterized as small lots – sites or agroforestry backyards – in which farmers develop a variety of crops within urban areas. Almir Gabriel is a neighborhood that used to be a farm and went through an occupation process, during the demarcation of the place agricultural production plots and areas intended for housing were divided. So, the study has the following question: with the expansion of urbanization in the neighborhood, lots and agricultural land are failing to develop agriculture due to other forms of land use and conversion of urban space? For To answer this question, we sought to achieve the general objective: to understand how the production of urban space affects agricultural activities in the city. the specifics objectives are: To get information about territorial aspects, urban areas and the characteristics of urban agriculture in Marituba. To Check the actions developed by institutions dealing with agriculture in the municipality. To identify the perceptions of farmers in the Almir Gabriel neighborhood about the urbanization taking place in the locality. As for the methodological procedures, this is a research with a qualitative approach, with use of methods quantitative data described in tables and graphs, consultations with bibliographies and documents, in addition to semi-structured interviews with farmers and managers public. the areas were sold and incorporated into a process of real estate speculation and there is an advance in the urbanization of space demarcated to agriculture, causing environmental damage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro é POP ou a Globo é agro?: relações de poder e dominação através da construção das narrativas de riqueza e dos padrões de consumo pela comunicação midiatizada do campo da agropecuária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-14) CUNHA, Larissa Carreira da; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The thesis analyzed the relations of power and domination in the field of agriculture through the construction of narratives and consumption patterns through the communication of the hegemonic agents that integrate the media field, represented by Rede Globo in partnership with the field of the Market and the State. The hypothesis was constituted with the assertion that the belief in the wealth narratives built by the mediatized communication of agribusiness enables the agreement of a hegemonic model of development based on neoextractivism, colonial thought and the Cartesian-materialist paradigm, forging a consumer awareness of society agents. Theoretical and methodological references of the concepts of field, habitus and beliefs of Pierre Bourdieu, Foucault's Power, Kotler's marketing and Bernays' advertising, consumer awareness with the theories of Hegel and Jung, paradigms and development narratives with Rist and Korten, field of development and Amazon with Castro, veganism with Singer and Ferrigno, among others. 103 videos from the “Agro: the industry-wealth of Brazil” campaign were analyzed, as well as other communication materials from the broadcaster, using the media analysis methodology of Leach and Liakopoulos. The thesis demonstrated that Rede Globo, in addition to being a powerful member of the media field, also integrates the market field, these agents being the most dominant within the field of agriculture and livestock, together with the State, whose exercise of power constitutes the construction of standards of consumption and the narrative that constitutes the development model, in a process legitimized and validated by the agents of society, consumers. It was also demonstrated that there is a part of the agent that acts contrary to the rules of the field, exercising an anti-hegemonic consumption capable of promoting a disturbance within the field and the creation of new economic and social dynamics by hegemonic and non hegemonic agents . It was also concluded that the change in the development models involves changing the paradigm of reality, arising from the collective and individual change in consumer awareness. Following the model based on the Cartesian materialist hegemonic paradigm, there is the possibility of real and effective change in economic and development models for a truly harmonious result between economic production, preservation of the environment and respect for the other species that make up the Earth's biosphere. The thesis concludes that the change in the development models does not depend on the ideological change in the control of the hegemonic agents that are in power, and is linked to the conformation of the collective conscience, product of the individual conscience, which is validator of the paradigm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da autonomia das populações tradicionais no manejo comunitário de recursos florestais madeireiros em unidade de conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-25) PACHECO, Jéssica dos Santos; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The present study aim to analyze the degree of autonomy of the traditional populations in the timber community forest management (CFM) in federal protected areas (UC) of the Brazilian Amazon. To do so, it was evaluated (1) the perception of stakeholders in two UCs and (2) the legal instruments and regulatory provisions that could influence this autonomy. In total, 111 stakeholders from the RESEX Verde Para Sempre (VPS) and the Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) were interviewed among the Government, Community and Partner Organizations segments. The perception was evaluated by SWOT analysis and 5-level Likert scale satisfaction questionnaires. Relevant documents on the MFC used in the UCs (minutes, reports, diagnoses, among others) were also evaluated. Decision makers from the main federal environmental agencies in Brasilia were also interviewed. The results showed that the dependence of annual permits from the ICMBio and the administrative procedures of the MFC directly interfere in the autonomy of the traditional populations, although they are of exclusive obligations of the environmental agencies. In the initiatives studied, there was relative satisfaction on the autonomy of the traditional populations. However, governmental interference occurred in both cases. In the FLONA Tapajós, the governmental administrative structure has affected the freedom of the community to define its productive choices, mainly due to the outdated management plan of the UC. Also, the autonomy to organize and manage forest production has been restricted at RESEX VpS, both due to its financial dependence on partner organizations and the time lapse until management license is approved. The legal instruments and regulatory provisions of the MFC in UC are the main inducers of this scenario. It was verified that these instruments are constituted by rules of territorial, procedural and technical dimensions that, to a greater or lesser extent, interfere in the community autonomy in the management of the forest resource, in the process of obtaining the MFC license, and in the techniques required in the activity. The failure to comply with the legal determination to create differentiated provisions of sustainable forest management plans adapted to community needs has conditioned traditional communities to standardized technical requirements, to the detriment of the constitutional and legal recognition of their livelihood rights. Some priority changes in the regulations were identified and proposed in this study. It was concluded that the simplification of some instruments could increase the degree of autonomy in the timber CFM allowing its multiplication in the Amazon region, while ensuring, at the same time, a balanced and effective control by the State over public forests in common ownership.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da desigualdade regional no Estado de Rondônia à luz da teoria institucionalista de Douglas North
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-28) CAVALCANTE, Fábio Robson Casara; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
This work was built starting from a central question which tried to understand the reason why an area such as the municipal district of Guajará-Mirim which used to be considered the most beautiful city of the state of Rondônia, during the 1970’s and 1980’s, today, however, it is apathetic, with no focus at all of a vision of progress, blind of a project of defined local development, without vitality and without the shine that used to have in such recent past which made its population proud of it and its famous "nickname", "Pearl of Mamoré."On the other hand, the municipal districts along the axis of BR-364 that presented a situation very different from Guajará-Mirim, therefore, more prosperous. Considering this aspect, it was intended to verify if Douglass North’s institucionalist theory would be suitable to explain the regional inequality of the State of Rondônia considering that for this theoretical thought, the historical somehow would influence "Path Dependence." Therefore, it sought to test whether the historical context harnessed to the institutional changes would be interfering or not in the institutional performance of the mesoregions of Rondônia State. As great first action of this process was highlighted, in the Rondônia territory, the existence of two institutional changes that influence, in a different way, the respective mesoregions, which were related to the two great enterprises implanted in Rondônia, in other words, EFMM with impact on the mesoregional Madeira-Guaporé portion and BR-364 with impact on the mesoregional East portion, enlarging, this way, the analysis power. As second great action, it was colected indicators contained in the categories of "institutional capacity", of "environmental administration", of "regional economy" and of “life quality”, which allowed to get, with base in the factorial analysis and in the use of the statistical tool SPSS, to the indexes of municipal institutional performance, microregional and mesoregional of the State.based on the indexes of institutional performance collected by the research it was, therefore, highlighted that the economical history interfered in the mesoregional institutional performance of Rondônia, which demonstrated a tendency of positive growth to the East mesoregion and negative for the Madeira-Guaporé mesoregion, proving the power "Path Dependence". However, aiming at to discover the capacity of explanation of the regional inequality with base on the social capital, starting from a qualitative context, the coherence of this result is evidenced with the theoretical thought of institutionalism of Douglass North considering the for the parameters of social capital used by the research, the power "Path Dependence" is, even more, transparent, which demonstrates how suitable are these theoretical perspectives for the explanation of the regional inequality of the State of Rondônia, even when it comes to an outlying region inserted in a country, also outlying, like Brazil itself.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da implementação dos planos de recuperação de áreas degradadas pela mineração em Lourenço (AP)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-08-09) SILVA, Eva de Fátima Grêlo da; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571
This work aims at verifying the existence of Degraded Area Recuperation Plans (DARP’s) made by Mineração Novo Astro – MNA (Novo Astro mining company), in the district of Lourenço, Municipality of Calçoene, State of Amapá, Brazil, based on the knowledge of recuperation measures created and decided within a framework, and to identify who were the actors that influenced this decision making process. Interviews were conducted with members of the local population, and representatives of the following organizations: MNA, Ampla Engenharia (engineering company hired to recuperate the degraded environment), the Lourenço Mining Cooperative (COOGAL), the Amapá State Special Agency for the Environment (SEMA), the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), the Federal Public Attorney’s Office, State Government, and Calçoene City Hall. These actors had a decisive influence on the local results seen today. The research included studies on existent recuperation measures, historical facts occurred in Lourenço, and the social and economic context in order to understand the successful measures chosen for that place. From such data, an analysis of the DARP efficiency was conducted, and alternatives and future guidelines were suggested, based on the social and environmental features of Lourenço. The first DARP was concluded in 1995 with pour results, as the place where it was carried out was again explored by miners and remained in a degraded condition. In 2002, MNA was held in charge of the new recuperation, due to its previous failure in complying with legal requirements. The second DARP, which was partially implemented in 2003, has not been very effective, since more than 70% of the species used in some areas have perished. The negative result of both DARP’s may result from the lack of a deeper knowledge on the part of the mining companies and environmental recuperation companies, about the local environmental and socioeconomic framework. An alternative would be to try to gather local people participation on the projects and policies created for the area, in order to come up with adequate solutions for the local population characteristics and desires.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos circuitos de produção, reprodução e subsistência do transporte hidroviário de passageiros nas ilhas da Região Metropolitana de Belém: uma contribuição para a revitalização do setor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-25) FERREIRA, Regina Célia Brabo; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963
The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the functionality of the system of water transportation of passengers of the islands of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). We sought a theoretical construction based mainly on the approaches of Milton Santos, Pierre Bourdieu, the National Association of Public Transport, and Eduardo Vasconcellos. From this theoretical reference, the thesis explains that the conditions for water transportation in general are related to theories of division of the space where power consumption and income is what determines the spatial integration of individuals. And that therefore, the transport service in the Islands of the RMB, operated by the logic of the market, spatially excludes those who do not have that power. The knowledge of that reality was based on field research conducted in 20 islands of the RMB. We used the techniques of observation and interviews to explain the dynamics of displacement of the riverside population, identifying circles of production, reproduction and subsistence. The first two circles closely resemble the theory of Milton Santos of upper circuit, represented by Belem, and lower circuit, represented by the islands. The circuit of subsistence is born within the lower circuit from the strong relationship that exists between the islands themselves, as a strategy of mobility to receive aid for basic health, education and transport services. We used factor analysis to obtain a ranking of the islands according to the conditions of transport, and regression analysis to explain the demand for travel in the islands. The demand increases, basically, when income and population increase. Proposals for the revitalization of the water transport sector resulted in the identification of new transportation routes and improvements in infrastructure, piers and boats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arranjos político-institucionais: a criação de novos municípios, novas estruturas de poder e as lideranças locais - a divisão territorial de Marabá na década de 1980
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) SILVA, Manoel Alves da; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073
In this thesis – institutional and political arrangements: the creation of new municipalities, new power structures, and local leadership; the territorial division of Marabá in the 80’s – we present the following assertion: the creation of municipalities as a result of the territorial partition of Marabá, in the southeast of the State of Para (Brazil), during the 80’s, is connected to the process of capitalist modernization, particularly in the (local) political dimension, and, in this case, at an institutional aspect. We therefore use Campos' concepts of symbolic power, political party, and leadership. Such concepts were developed by Bourdieu and concepts of leadership, political party and voter, defended by Downs. The research was conducted in the municipalities created from the territorial partition of Marabá: Parauapebas (1988), and Curionópolis (1988), which, on their turn, were disunited and originated the municipalities of Eldorado dos Carajás (1991), Água Azul do Norte (1991), and Canaã dos Carajás (1994). The physical structure of this work is formed by chapters: In the first chapter, we discuss the proceedings and the methodological approach used to produce the thesis. In the second chapter, we present the theoretical and analytical instruments, the problem, the object, and the hypotheses that guided this work. The third chapter discusses the onset of new municipalities from the perception of the local political leaders of Marabá. In the fourth chapter, we focus on the control devices and the political field as a space of dispute and dominion. In the fifth chapter, we present the political representations, the new structures of power, the alliances, the political competition, and the election disputes. In the sixth chapter, we deal with the southeastern territory of the State of Pará within the context of emancipations as perceived by the emancipated municipalities political leaders. Finally, we discuss our own conclusions in the light of the analyses presented in this thesis. Our most significant conclusions are: 1) The creation of new municipalities resulted from an institutional modernization process in the area; 2) The creation of these municipalities was a response to the interests of local political leaders and economic actors, at a municipal and regional state scale. From such conclusions, make at the following final considerations:There are different situations in Curionópolis, Eldorado dos Carajás, Parauapebas, and Canaã dos Carajás. Therefore, despite the fact that all those municipalities came from the territorial partition of Marabá, the final result produced different realities, marked by inequalities. In both cases, however, there could be seen a democratization process, in which political (electoral) disputes, and the resulting conflicts started to be regulated by rules defined by the State of Right. The methodological path adopted in this work chose the local leaders as important actors, aiming at capturing the “local political leaders’ vision” about this process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do município de Altamira (PA) sob a ótica dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) das Nações Unidas utilizando a ferramenta barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963
In recent decades, there have been more debates related to environmental damage that has been causing changes at a global level, according to the understanding of the finitude of natural resources. The Amazon figures as a protagonist when thinking about the protection of the global ecological heritage. Given its importance, the largest tropical forest in the world has been contemplated with several projections to preserve it. Altamira is a municipality in the center of the Legal Amazon and figures as a reflection of the main problems faced in this territory. Traditional populations coexist with agribusiness, and both are flooded by large projects, although one side benefits more. The rural and the urban areas also provide the municipality with a contrast that makes it especially difficult to point out or even define what would be sustainable. Despite the numerous conflicts that do not allow this territory to homogenize, this thesis sought to carry out a socio-environmental analysis based on the axes of human well-being and environmental well-being, of multidisciplinary nature, for the municipality of Altamira, based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and thus evaluate the main obstacles to the full sustainable development of the municipality. To obtain the results, the methodology used is called the Barometer of Sustainability (BS) and is the result of the major global conventions that debate the courses that take the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The results obtained showed that Altamira has an intermediate level for sustainability and reflects the need for a special look of the government to the indicators related to the great socio-economic axis as well as the need for the elaboration of strategies to remedy and contain the problems related to the great environmental axis. It was then concluded that the municipality of Altamira is far from achieving the goals established by the 2030 agenda, but that it presents breath and has demonstrated subtle changes that are moving towards achieving such objectives. Finally, although limited, this thesis was intended to date a result and create a basis for future research that aims to analyze, add, or even refute results obtained for the municipality of Altamira.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de parâmetros micrometeorológicos, do conforto e da percepção térmica na área urbana da cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-20) SILVA JUNIOR, João de Athaydes; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
In the present study evaluated a micrometeorological elements and thermal comfort in Belém, along with an examination of issues of social segregation of urban space, contributing to the research of urban climatology in tropical regions that have a specific climate with a strong effect of seasonality during the year. Were used in the research information obtained by weather stations and microloggers distributed by the city, questionnaires, land cover information derived from satellite images and social typologies of urban areas through literature. Quantitative information was analyzed through numerical interpolations and correlations qualitatively and related information acquired in the field. The results indicated that the areas were the less comfortable heat that had less vegetation cover and greater amount of built and paved areas, while areas more comfortable showed the characteristics contrary to earlier, where it was detected the absence of a standard well defined between the socio-spatial typologies with comfort conditions. There was low heat island intensity on the city as well as strong seasonality of rainfall, air temperature and relative humidity. In the city of Belém much of the daytime was uncomfortable, and the intensity of discomfort varied with the characteristics of use and occupation of urban land.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de nutrientes e sua inclusão no produto interno bruto do Brasil ajustado pela depreciação do solo agrícola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) AZEVEDO JUNIOR, Wladimir Colman de; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194
The Brazilian economic growth has raised the discussion about the impact of cropping in agricultural soils. The productive flow could be degrading the stock of soil resources, whichmay lead to reduction in the national natural capita. This study aimed to measure the impactof production on the depletion of Brazilian agricultural land in 2010, answering if economicgrowth is sustained by the nutritive depreciation of agricultural land. The EnvironmentallyAdjusted Social Accounting Matrix was used to estimate the Environmentally Adjusted GrossDomestic Product (EGDP), based on the Integrated Economic and Environmental AccountsSystem of 2012. The Nutrient Balance provided the physical and monetary balances used toadjust the GDP. Since the land is a immobilized capital for cultivation, the maintenance costsare internalized by the rural producers, as a consequence, the EGDP found reveals that theGDP underestimates Brazilian production, since in 2010 there was an increase of R$ 4 millionin the stock of N, P and K in the national agricultural soil. Brazilian economic growth, therefore, does not compromise soil fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biodiversidade da Amazônia e mercados locais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-04) MONTEIRO, Raimunda; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The study Amazonian Biodiversity and local Markets analyzes the tendencies of the diversified use of the Amazonian Biodiversity in the conceptual bases of development and sustainable production and the potentiality of the local markets as strategic ally. This research sustains that the Amazonian economy can profit from the tendencies of increase in value for natural products, but founded on the high value set on knowledge and involvement of the local population by strengthening the position of the region in its relationships with the national and global markets. A large number of products derived from Amazonian raw materials has been identified, as well as an expressive variety of industrial uses and a favorable, local, national and international atmosphere. There is a conclusive evidence that big enterprises still look upon the external market as their main target inasmuch as the local cooperation ties can still be deemed fragile. The consumers in the city of Belém indicate that the local market is receptive to new products, but it has its own characteristics that demand a renegotiation on the non-traditional trends and uses. And it is well known that the development of an economy system set on diversified bases demands the construction of productive and institutional links as well as adequate public policies, without which many of the emerging initiatives are likely to be unsuccessful.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Boas práticas agrícolas: análise de viabilidade financeira em propriedades sojicultoras e pecuaristas do Nordeste Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-22) CHIACCHIO, Jayne Isabel da Cunha Guimarães; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
According to data from PRODES / INPE (2008), from 1988 to 2008, 369,154 km ² were deforested in the Amazon, an annual average of 17,578 km ². This process has been driven primarily by expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture. Several policies have been created to reduce deforestation. And these are targeted, usually by command and control instruments. A recent innovation, however, has been the search for improvements in environmental quality in medium and large farms through the introduction of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Based on this, this paper aims to examine whether the introduction of BPA in medium and large soy farms and ranches located northeast of Mato Grosso represents a financially viable alternative. The survey was conducted in five municipalities located northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Xingu watershed: Água Boa, Canarana, Querência, Bom Jesus do Araguaia and São Félix do Araguaia. First, we collected detailed data from activities in the region of study. For that, 40 farmers were interviewed (20 soy farmers and 20 ranchers). The second step raised the cost data of adoption of good practices on 14 soy farms and ranches found in the Registry of Social-Environmental Responsibility (RSR) of the Aliança da Terra (AT)/Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM). For the analysis of financial viability of Good Practice, we used three instruments: simple return, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return. The results showed that BPA is capable of implementation, but there is a financial loss for the producer when he chooses to adopt BPA. However, opportunities for gains from adoption of BPA (such as the receipt by REDD, increased productivity, increased selling prices, among others) can reduce these "losses" and equalize the gains to production without BPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Campesinato e abastecimento na Zona Bragantina (1880–1960)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-29) LEANDRO, Leonardo Milanez de Lima; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
Historically constituted by free workers who had occupied the territory nearby Bragança, the bragantino peasantry contributed for the supplying of commercial circuits and developed industrial activities in Para. The theoretical and conceptual articulation that based the interpretation of transformations on the Zona Bragantina is placed in a critical perspective, whose conceptions deal with categories as dynamic elements, therefore inserted in a historical and materialist perspective. It criticizes the interpretations on the responsibility attributed to the peasantry for the ambient degradation, Para’s supplying crisis and for the agricultural production frequently assigned as declining, always placing the field in relation to the city. Bragantina’s occupation and expansion was observed, as well as the transformations which passed the road of Bragança and the contribution of producing nuclei created by the colonies. Even though the excluding character of the imperial government actions, during the republican phase the peasantry passed through social transformation processes, whose critical perspective put it back in history as responsible for part of Amazonia’s supplying. In consequence of the shortening of fallow period, the peasants made a technical change that evidences its sensitivity to the markets. Thus, the production of diverse foodstuffs and other products for the agro industry based its reproductive processes, guided not only for the attendance of family needs but also for the attendance of market demands. In conclusion, the Zona Bragantina, although has been received capitalists investments, still configures itself which a peasant frontier and, ultimately, the declining argument would be replaced by diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Camponeses e território em Mocajuba: uma análise econômico-espacial das trajetórias tecnológicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-23) NOGUEIRA, Karen de Nazareth Santos; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
The research focus especially in the analysis of the rural territorial setting of Mocajuba‟s city, which is located in Baixo-Tocantins region. The mocajubense rural is predominantly peasant. Based in the notion of trajectories, it is intended to study the specificity of the peasant economy, particularly its segment based on the agroextractivism (T2), it sets, under a work intermediation, Mocajuba‟s territory. This ancestral peasantry founded a dynamic linked to structural processes that movements the region‟s economy from a productive logic whose technical domain of the production is given by specific havings, whose management practices presuppose the biome‟s maintenance. This peasant way of life is grounded under identity and territorial relations predetermined and which surpass the physical limits proposed by areas of land regularization. These territorialities fundament the productive and reproductive relations of these agents who operates the biome in a specific manner. Based on this, it is aimed to indicate how much work the agents of the T2 peasant trajectory, use in the territory, illustrating these settings through cartographical representation. Enabling the interaction economy-territory in the understanding of the space, not only as an extension of the actions, but also as quality. It is searched up the understanding of how the interaction is made in an economy based in typical peasant structures of the agroextractivist‟s trajectory T2. This is, how it happens in a marked territory by the productive and reproductive T2 dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade & a soja: impactos da produção e da circulação de grãos nos circuitos da economia urbana de Santarém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-06) TRINDADE, Gesiane Oliveira da; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
The present work analyzes the urbanization and the production of urban space of Santarém (PA) under the impacts of the expansion of agribusiness boosted grain in the Municipality since the implementation of the Multinational Cargill Grain port S/A in 2003. In the Research the urbanization is comprised based on Milton Santos, who claims the city consists of two economic circuits: the upper and the lower circuit circuit of the urban economy. Such circuits are a result of different access and consumption of social classes especially in underdeveloped countries. Were selected for the analysis, representing the upper circuit, the new products, companies and demands that they enter in Santarém with the diffusion of the grains. For the analysis of the lower circuit were selected trade fairs of the Association of Rural Producers of Santarém (APRUSAN). Such a choice is justified for these being composed mainly of small producers from rural areas, those who have their food production directly hit by the impacts of grain production in Santarém rural areas. In the process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, the State (federal, State and municipal) was one of the main inductors and their actions have taken place through plans, projects and programs that have created necessary conditions for the arrival and the permanence of soybean in Santarém. The partnership made between Cargill and the Santarém's city hall was responsible for interventions and changes in fragments of urban space. Such actions have been developed to mitigate serious social problems generated by the presence of grains, among them: the extinction of rural communities, the urban periphery and the new demands for municipal services. Although the dynamic of the grains has promoted the densification of the upper circuit through the presence of companies linked to the sector, it cannot be translated as endogenous socio-spatial development, once that connect notably with logical and extraregional interests. On the other hand, the culture of the grains at high scale has affected negatively the lower circuit of the urban economy, exemplified by the fairs of the Association of rural producers of Santarém (ARPS), since in its productive process hits the small production through the chemicals products used in the fields of soybeans and on expropriation of rural areas
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade e seus sentidos: análise dos discursos que embasam projetos de requalificação urbana em Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-17) DANTAS, Adailson Soares; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
This work investigates the discursive dimension of the urban space of Belém (PA). In this way, the significant body of the city is considered from a perspective that considers it a privileged space for the production and confrontation of meanings, many of which imposed by hegemonic discursive subjects that are not always explicit. Therefore, the objective is to identify, characterize and analyze the discursive strategies and their enunciating subjects that guide the symbolic production, but also material, of the urban space in the capital of Pará from two current interventions of urban requalification: “Projeto Belém Porto Futuro” and “Novo Mercado de São Brás”. For this, Michel Pêcheux's Discourse Analysis was used as the main theoretical and analytical device for data interpretation, and Henri Lefebvre's notions and concepts about the production of space as secondary theories. First, a literature review was undertaken to find the historical and ideological conditions for the production of a hegemonic discourse about the way of thinking, interpreting, planning and building urban space. Afterwards, the displacement of the meanings of the discourses and its materialization in the urban space of the cities were investigated, in a chain that permeates the global, national, and reaches the local scale. In this investigation, a discursive corpus was constituted witch includes documents, laws, notices, news, photos and videos, newspaper and magazine reports, descriptive memorials and 3D images of the project’s electronic models that are the target of investigation. The discursive analysis of this corpus allowed us to discover that hegemonic discourses guide, through displacement of meanings, the conceptions of urban planning and the material production of architectural forms in the city of Belém (PA). These discourses establish a "marketing" and competitive logic, which intends to establish conservative economic growth and urban development models, which are based, above all, on the urban, architectural and landscape requalification of places, aiming at both the economic growth of the city and its tourist projection in a globalized scenario.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidades ribeirinhas no processo de consolidação fundiária do Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Metrópole da Amazônia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) BARBOSA, Leonard Jéferson Grala; BAHIA, Mirleide Chaar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052323981745384
The Paraense Amazon region is mentioned in different moments of global history, among which the ones related to the economic processes that connect Brazil to the world markets. In this context, the period of rubber extraction is responsible for profound changes in the state of Pará, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). To meet the advancement of this market, large companies began to explore the syringe trees from the tidy planting. As an example, the company Pirelli S/A settled in an area that covers four municipalities of the RMB and established its activities from the local workforce. In turn, these workers and their families had resided in the area since ancient times. With the bankruptcy of this company and after conflicting moments between this and the families employed, the area passes to the power of the government of the state of Pará that turns it into a Conservation Unit (UC) of integral protection whose Management Plan (better known as Management Plan) was elaborated only ten years after its creation (IDEFLOR-BIO, 2018a). The elaboration of this plan has marked a new stage in the life of these riverine families of Ponta Negra and Santo Amaro. This research brings reflections on the historical constitution of the current integral protection unit, which is intertwined with the presence of families of riverine populations, whose general objective is to analyze how the territoriality of the riverside communities of the Wildlife Refuge can influence land regularization actions and/or recognition of public power in the construction of legal instruments. To that end, methodologies related to Oral Thematic History (BOM MEIHY, 1996) were used, which allowed to understand some of the mechanisms that led the Managing Body of the UC (IDEFLOR-Bio) to allow these communities to maintain their residences in the area, with the right to use of the forest for their livelihoods, something unusual in a UC of Integral Protection. Documentary and bibliographical research were used, combined with interviews with the different groups involved in the process of consolidating the presence of families within the UC. From the information obtained, it was possible to perceive that the resistance of the riverside communities to maintain their residences contributed to an initial recognition process, which, however, still needs to be deepened with more permanent guarantees of housing and maintenance of their traditional way of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comuns em cercamento: uma análise do protocolo comunitário do Bailique, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) MONTEIRO, Igor Alexandre Pinheiro; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
Community practices organizing and regulating the use and the settings of the commons are permeated by specific connections to land. Also, these practices are informed by ways of relating to nature which may constitute ways of resisting to the manner capital is organized and set up as well to the mercantilized relations that constitutes it. Frequently, such relations limit traditional communities actions amidst their self governance processes. We believe these limitations are enabled on the juridical, the physical (land) and the political, building upon in what we will call as enclosures. Such enclosures operate by destructuring complex social organizations and complex political dynamics of production and reproduction which shape community relations in practice - the very actions we consider as the Commons, as according to Dardot and Laval (2016). In order to observe the enclousre of the commons, this research will focus on the elaboration process of the Bailique Community Protocol, between 2016 and 2017. Based on it, we argue that enclosures may be happening over some communities, participants of the process carried on at the Bailique Archipelago, while they were builiding the community protocol to protect their knowledge, their territory so much so that to contribute with local development. The analysis of the changes provoked on the social organization and on the relation with the land departing from the community protocol helps us in understanding how the neoliberal rationality can limit the scope and the efficacy of juridical protections of communities as well as the physical spaces necessary for their social reproduction. This movement weaken communities' agency, opening space for the advancement of the mercantilization of nature. We approach this debate inspired by the reflections on the rationality of the commons and based on fieldwork lying on the activist research method that invokes the research should be politically aligned to the problems faced and pointed out as important by the very groups we work with.