Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck para avaliação de surdos e cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) SANCHEZ, Cintia Nazare Madeira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study met three articles concerning the adaptation of psychological instruments to evaluate the population of deaf and blind. Considering that these instruments are not adapted to evaluate people with special educational needs, complicating diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore the need to adapt these instruments for this population is indisputable. This situation also occurs in the area of deafness and blindness, in which there is a shortage of jobs in Brazil. In the first article was conducted a literature review of instruments adapted for this population. It is concluded that the area of hearing assessment scales are adapted to various factors as psychometric for measuring depression, anxiety and intelligence, but the area of blindness instruments are suited for the assessment of cognitive functioning. The aim of the second study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to sign language and alphabet digital generating a scale to assess anxiety in deaf users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The sample consisted of 25 deaf users LIBRAS (experimental group) and 25 listeners (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic. Therefore BAI adapted showed validity equivalent to BAI standard to assess anxiety in deaf, the items appear to have adapted the modified factor structure of the instrument, thus allowing its use in the assessment of anxiety in deaf users of LIBRAS. The third study was conducted with visually impaired, this deficiency is most prevalent in the population reaching 35.8 million people with difficulty seeing even with corrective lenses, and 506,3 thousand are blind. Despite the significant number of blind in the literature there are few studies of adapting assessment tools for the blind, as they are evaluated on the parameters of the seers. Given this reality, the objective of this study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) for Braille generating a scale to assess anxiety in blind Braille users. The sample consisted of 25 blind Braille users (experimental group) and 25 seers (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic. Subscale panic in this difference was statistically significant at the limit. Therefore BAI adapted showed equivalent BAI validity standard for evaluating anxiety blind, adapted items seem to have modified the factor structures of the instrument, allowing their use in the evaluation of anxiety in users blind Braille.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1: dois estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-01) SILVA, Ingrid Ferreira Soares da; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a chronic degenerative disease of major impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents. The DM1 affects predominantly children and young adults under 30 years of age with peak incidence from 10 to 14 years of age. As a chronic disease it involves changes in daily habits, and rule following becomes a key behavior to achieve such changes. This study aimed to examine factors that influenced the behavior of following the rules prescribed for the treatment of adolescents diagnosed with DM1. These rules relate specifically to the measurement of the blood glucose, the usage of the diet plan in choosing the menu and the application of insulin. The study included two adolescents aged 14 and 17 years, diagnosed with DM1, which had difficulties in controlling the disease according to medical evaluation. Also included as participants of this study were those responsible for each adolescent. The following survey instruments were used: 1) Set of interviews with the parents; 2) Inventory of parenting styles; 3) Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents with DM1; 4) Set of interviews with the adolescents; 5) Diabetes social support questionnaire – family version; and 6) Self monitoring forms for Treatment Compliance Behavior. The data collection was performed in the households of the adolescents. The procedure involved the following steps: 1) Selection of participants; 2) Individual interviews with the parents/guardians; 3) Individual interviews with the adolescents, including applications for inventory on their support network, characterization of the baseline behavior of measuring blood glucose, tracking diet plan, and insulin administration, interviews with positive feedback, and final interview. The results from the analysis of compliance behaviors and from the environmental factors reported by each participant throughout the research identified that the participant which emitted compliance behaviors appropriately had a good quality of life, a good level of knowledge about DM1, his parents owned a positive parenting style, perceived support provided by family, besides having a social condition satisfactory to meet the needs of the family. But the participant with a low compliance, although demonstrating a good quality of life, his parents were using a lot of negative practices, despite their parenting style being also positive, the family support perceived by the participant was inconsistent and his social status was insufficient to provide all the tools necessary for his treatment compliance. Thus, it was possible to analyze the factors that influence compliance to treatment, however further research should be conducted using a larger number of participants and also have a longitudinal character, with long-term monitoring to verify the effect of the variables described in the research along the lives of the participants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adultos e adolescentes autores de agressão sexual: características biopsicossociais e suas percepções sobre infância, adolescência e violência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-10) SILVEIRA, Víviam da Silva; REIS, Daniela Castro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805305887566391; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-4516; CALVACANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-0651
Sexual violence encompasses all societies, and manifests itself in different ways in their different contexts. This phenomenon is present throughout the life trajectory of many children and adolescents, whether as victims or perpetrators of sexual aggression. With the purpose of investigating this phenomenon, this dissertation presents a research with an empirical-descriptive design and quantitative-qualitative data analysis. The research sought to investigate the perceptions of adults (+ 18 years old) and adolescents (12 to 18 years old) perpetrators of sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence, relating them to the biopsychosocial characteristics that define the two age groups involved in the research. Therefore, two studies with similar methodological characteristics were carried out, thematically interconnected, but with individuals from two different age groups. Study I sought to investigate the relationship between perceptions of adult perpetrators of sexual assault against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (+ 18 years), which includes men sentenced for crimes of sexual violence in units prisons. Ten (N=10) interviews conducted and transcribed between 2015 and 2016 were selected for content analysis by the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD) with the support of the Iramuteq Software. The results showed that 90% of these adults were over 30 years old; as for education, 50% did not complete elementary school; 10% attended incomplete high school and 30% managed to complete high school, of these participants only 10% had access to incomplete higher education. All participants experienced situations of violence throughout their life trajectories, and regarding the degree of severity of the sexual assault committed, 40% of the authors assumed the practice with hands on; 40% did not assume such aggression, and 20% of these declared that they do not remember the act for which they are serving their sentence. The perception of these adults about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears directly linked to the experiences of these participants in the different stages of their development, in addition to not disassociating this form of aggression from the use of physical force. Study II aimed to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of adolescents who perpetrate sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (12 to 18 years old), which brings together adolescents who respond in court for an analogous offense to the rape of a vulnerable person and who were in compliance with a socio-educational measure. Four (N=4) participants were reached for content analysis of the interviews transcribed through the CHD of Iramuteq. The results showed that the adolescents were over 15 years old. In terms of education, 2 (50%) had not completed elementary school, 1 (25%) had not completed high school, and 1 (25%) had not completed this information. As for the violence suffered, it was observed that all participants experienced situations of violence. With regard to the degree of severity of the act performed, none of the participants assumed their practice in hands on. The perception of these adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears as a reflection of the construction of these categories throughout the life trajectory of these individuals, highlighting sexual violence linked to the use of physical force. Therefore, through the two studies, the hypothesis that there is a greater number of similarities than differences in the reports of these individuals (adults and adolescents) about the perceptions of sexual violence was taken into account. It is possible to point out the relationship between the biopsychosocial characteristics of the two age groups of perpetrators of sexual aggression, and particular ways of dealing with the experiences present in their life trajectories. It is possible to affirm that adolescent and adult authors, despite being in different groups, were probably socialized in very similar cultural and belief systems, which can influence and direct the construction of perceptions that are close to each other. However, adult authors tend to refer to violence as separate chapters in their life trajectory, and in the opposite direction, adolescents tend to show a direct relationship between sexual violence and issues experienced during their previous stages of development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa da ansiedade relatada em surdos e ouvintes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-01) COSTA, Edilane Lourenço da; GOUVEIA JR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
The group of deaf people in Brazil is considered significant. Deafness can lead to emotional disorders, among them anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure anxiety reported among deaf and hearing people, with application of the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) standard and adapted to Brazilian sign language. The sample consisted of 62 participants were divided into hearing group (n = 31) and deaf group (n = 31) mean age of 31 (±7.53) and 31 (±7.69) years, respectively, of both sexes, paired for age, sex, income and education level . The application of VAMS were individually and data were analyzed for factors: anxiety, physical sedation, mental sedation, other feelings and the total index scale. The data was preceded by the application of the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and equal variance test. For data that obeyed these tests, we used the Student t test to compare the factors of VAMS; between groups, between male and female, within groups and between groups; at different income levels, within the groups and between groups; in different years of study, within groups and between groups. When it was not possible to satisfy the criteria of normality and homogeneity of variance test was used non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U). It was adopted a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. We analyzed the correlation in the variables, income, education level and age with each of the scale factors, in the hearing group and the deaf group. The results showed statistically significant difference between groups in the index of physical sedation, being lower in deaf than in the hearing group. In the analysis between groups, hearing and deaf, distributed by sex, was expressed statistically significant in the factor other feelings, being higher in the deaf, both females and males in relation to the male hearing group. In the variables income and education level were statistically significant differences in the components of VAMS, anxiety, mental sedation and physical sedation, between and within groups. In the correlation analysis, the hearing group, positive correlation was found in the variable income and education level versus physical sedation and positive correlation in the variable age versus anxiety. In the deaf group was a positive correlation in the variable age versus physical sedation. We conclude that the use of scales to assess anxiety is important and valuable for field research, and VAMS adapted to Brazilian sign language was sensitive to evaluate anxiety in deaf, it facilitates the inclusion diagnosis of this specific population, which is sometimes sub diagnosed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da escolha individual na distribuição livre ideal: comparando diferenças e razões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-13) SILVA, Thaís Tavares da; TONNEAU, François Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2917023797307669
Optimal foraging theory, as a way of understanding foraging behavior, provides a foundation for the Ideal free distribution theory, which seeks to explain the choices of subjects under the condition of group competition. However, although many experiments have been performed to assess the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD), deviations have been observed in relation to the predictions of the IFD, both in other species and in humans. Sokolowski et al. (1999) have proposed an explanation for such deviations in terms of equalizing differences (nG-WG)-(nRWR) instead of ratios (WG/nG-WR/nR). Here we proposed an experiment in which individuals conducted their choices with a software that simulated the choices of subjects in a group. The software was developed in order to clarify the role of respective equations (ratioor difference-based) or choices strategies, fitting the data with a sigmoidal function. The dependent variable was the choice of every subject while being presented with artificial situations. The results showed that subjects performed their choices under the control of the two strategies, as well as others. This study brings relevant contributions to the study of individual choices, in addition to providing data that deserve to be analysed in more detail by future research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da investigação dos determinantes do comportamento homossexual humano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-21) MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The behavior determination debate lasts since Antiquity, usually based in dichotomic arguments. Actual tendency of behavior determination comprehension points out to an interacionist perspective, analyzing genetic, biological and environmental influences combined over behavior. Many empirical researches have been developed to identify which factors are responsible for a specific behavior. Considering impossible to make a complete study of human behavior determinants, it was chosen to focus into a specific padron the homosexual behavior. Since Antiquity until nowadays, homosexual behavior determinants have been debated. Besides, this subject concerns to a large amount of people and reflects in important social issues. The present study had the purpose of analyzing which are the empiric evidences about homosexual behavior determination, through three stages: (1) historic evolution of the behavior determination, with emphasis on the methodologies applied; (2) presentation and discussion of the main research strategies about homosexual behavior determination, with emphasis on the critical analysis of data; (3) discussion of research implications and possible empirical follow-up. A bibliographic search was conducted, identifying six main research strings: hormonal measures, hormonal effects, genetic, cerebral functioning, animal models and environmental effects. Each research methodology and results were critically analyzed. Then, politics influence over research and the ethical consequences of data release were discussed; as existing data were organized into a proposal to understand the phenomena. It is expected to have contributed to a general description of the actual stage of homosexual behavior determinants as to a critical perspective over methodologies applied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das funções de verbalizações de terapeuta e cliente sobre sentimentos, emoções e estados motivacionais na terapia analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-10-13) BARBOSA, João Ilo Coelho; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Recent studies done by behavior analysts have aimed at gaining more knowledge about the function which self-descriptive accounts of feelings, emotions and motivational states (SEM) can have on the therapeutic process. This would allow for the development of a model of behavior-analytic intervention in light of such report. This study investigated the possible relationship between the clients verbalizations which were made concerning SEM, the interventions of the therapist in light of these comments and the evolution of the problems or complaints of the client in the development of a clinical case. The participants in the study were an experienced behavior-analytic therapist and a married adult client, who had no record of psychiatric problems. Thirty-six sessions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed over a period of one year. The analysis of the verbalizations which occurred in the sessions was done on the basis of four categories, two referring to the therapist: categories related to the basic functions of the therapists verbalization (FBVT) and categories of analysis. The other two categories referred to the client: categories of analysis and indicators of complaint or change. These categories were also compared regarding their occurrence within and outside of emotional episodes (EE), defined as sequences of dialogues between therapist and client, in which there was at least one mention of the clients SEM. The analysis of the results showed that the main complaints of the client were related to her husband, body events, mood, parents or relatives, work colleagues and the lack of assertiveness. The SEM which were referred to most in the report of the client and the therapist were those related to motivational states, sadness and fear. It was verified that the therapists interventions, in light of the accounts with reference to SEM took place mainly in the form of investigation and confrontation. Only a small portion of these interventions suggested any relationship between a response of the client and environmental contingencies, predominately the antecedent-response type. The client made more relationships between environmental events and her responses than the therapist did, which were also of the antecedent-response type. Regarding the evolution of complaints made, one can affirm that there was no evidence of the occurrence of consistent changes in the clients repertoire, nor in the way she referred to her problems. Comparing the categories which were studied within and outside of the EE, a major change was found in the FBVT, in the categories of analysis of the therapist and the client. There was also a larger number of and variation of the occurrences of indicators of complaint or change within such episodes. Such results confirmed that feelings, emotions and motivational states are targets of investigation and intervention of the analytic-behavioral therapist, which are consistent with existing literature. The clients and therapists mention of SEM or of related events strengthen the idea that these can be dealt with, some times as hidden responses, some times as private stimulus and quite frequently as the relationship between those who are involved in the events, as well as groups of interrelated links. Not being occasionally able to observe terms of behavioral relationships which define SEM did not lead to a different type of approach on the part of the therapist. On the contrary, the mention of SEM by the therapist and client seemed to favor the occurrence of verbalization which established connections between the clients behavior and environmental events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma análise de procedimentos para a indução de nomeação bidirecional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-06) SANTOS, Edson Luiz Nascimento dos; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The present thesis consists of a literature review and an experimental study with the aim of analyzing procedures that are used to induction of bidirectional naming (BiN). The theoretical study carried out a systematic review of experimental studies on BiN in order to identify and analyze, considering the new classification proposed by Hawkins, Gautreaux and Chiesa (2018), the profile of the participants, the subtypes of BiN that the studies sought to assess and the teaching procedures used, the procedures used to test the emergency of BiN, and the BiN effectively evaluated. It was observed that 16 studies were realized with participants with atypical development, and that the majority used (1) identity matching-to-sample with the experimenter tacting the sample stimulus (IDMTS+tact) training and tact and listener tests in the evaluation of ‘speaker unidirectional naming’; and (2) ‘multiple exemplar instruction’ (MEI) as procedures to induce ‘speaker unidirectional naming’. The experimental study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a MEI procedure to induction of BiN and to assess whether presenting joint bidirectional naming is sufficient to demonstrate incidental bidirectional naming in four children with ASD. One participant demonstrated joint bidirectional naming after MEI and joint incidental bidirectional naming with new stimulus. The second participant passed the tests of listener unidirectional naming and other two, who had joint bidirectional naming at the pre-test, also had incidental bidirectional naming. The results are discussed in the light of the current literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do efeito de histórias experimentais e de consequências relatadas na regra sobre o comportamento de seguir regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-17) CARVALHO, Nayra Cristine Alves de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
The present study aimed to compare the effects of the presentation of a rule that specifies small and immediate reinforce, with a rule that specifies large and delayed reinforce, manipulating the order of presentation of these rules, their presentation form (isolated or concurrently), the form of distribution of points obtained in the study and the time interval to exchange these points for money. 32 undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into two experiments that differed only by the form of distribution of points earned and the time interval to exchange these points for money. Each experiment consisted of four conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. In both experiments, the Conditions 1 and 3 consisted of four experimental sessions. In Sessions 1 and 3, rules were presented separately and at the Sessions 2 and 4 concurrently. The Conditions 2 and 4 were composed of three sessions. In Sessions 1 and 3, rules were presented concurrently and in Session 2 separately. The order of presentation of the rules was manipulated in each condition. In Condition 1 the order of presentation was - RI / RIRA / RI / RIRA, in Condition 2 - RIRA / RI / RIRA, in Condition 3 - RA / RARI / RA / RARI and in Condition 4 - RARI / RA / RARI. In Experiment I, the delay was limited to distribution points during the session, following the rule RI produced points during the sessions and following the rule RA produced points only at the end of the session, the exchange points for money was at the end of research. In Experiment II, following RI and RA produced points during the sessions, but the exchange points for money for following RI would occur at the end of the research and for following RA, the exchange would occur a week later. In Experiment I , 15 of the 16 participants and in Experiment II 13 of the 16 participants followed the rule RA, independent of a prior history of reinforcement for following the rule RI and independently of the rule RI producing points immediately, exchanged for money at the end of research. The results of both experiments indicate that the control by the rule that described consequences of greater magnitude, but delayed (RA), prevailed over the control by the rule that described consequences of smaller magnitude, but immediate (IR), even when the exchange points obtained in the sessions for money was postponed for a week. These results suggest that the probability of occur following rules may depend, in part, on the type of consequence related in the rule, namely, of the formal properties of the rule, and not exclusively for reinforcement history for rulefollowing Behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analise paramétrica do comportamento do zebrafish no labirinto em cruz com rampa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-20) MOTTA, Carla Mendes da; JUNIOR, Amauri Gouveia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
Animal models have been a useful tool in the study and treatment of anxiety. Parametric studies are important to ensure these models validity since they help to identify witch parameters of the model are relevant to produce anxiety-like behaviors. The Plus-maze with Ramp is an anxiety model for fishes, adapted from the Elevated Plus-maze with Ramp. The present study consists of a parametric analysis of the zebrafish’s response in the Plus-Maze with Ramp, evaluating the effects of sex, ramp inclination, light level and arms width. Results showed that, regardless of any manipulation in the evaluated parameters, the animals preferred the flat arms instead of arms with ramp, that the light level of 700 lux increased the animal’s general exploratory behavior and that the ramp inclination of 34,43º increased the total number of entries in the flat arms. The plusmaze with Ramp seems to be a valid model for the study of anxiety in fish and the standard measures of the apparatus seems adequate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um análogo experimental de uma prática cultural: efeitos de um produto agregado contingente, mas não contíguo, sobre uma contigência de reforçamento entrelaçada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04) LOPES, Eduardo Barbosa; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
According to Skinner’s causal model of selection by consequences, human behavior is a product of three levels of selection: phylogeny, ontogeny and culture. Empiric investigations of the third level just recently begun in behavior analysis. In the theoretic field, Glenn introduced the concept of Metacontingency to describe functional relations between interlocked reinforcement contingencies and an aggregated outcome responsible for the selection of the interlock. In laboratory, a pioneer work by Vichi, reproduced a metacontingency using a procedure adapted from experimental studies in sociology. Vichi suggests that the interlocking behaviors of a small group of people could be modified by the aggregated outcome produced by the interlock, in this way, characterizing a metacontingency. The present work is a replication of Vichi’s study, with the objective to verify if interlocked behavioral contingencies can in fact be selected by an aggregated outcome contingent to the behaviors of people of a small group microculture. The participants were eight undergraduate students, divided into two groups of four, who accomplished a group task. The task consisted in a problem to solve by choosing a cell in a matrix composed of 8 columns and 8 rows, containing positive and negative signs. On each trial, the participants chose one row and the experimenter chose one column. A positive sign in the intersection of the chosen row and column resulted in gains for the group; a negative sign resulted in losses. The column chosen by the experimenter was contingent to the way in which the gains were distributed by the group (equally or unequally) in the immediately anterior trial. In experimental condition A, the positive sign was contingent to an equal distribution of gains, and in the experimental condition B, the positive sign was contingent to an unequal distribution of gains. Group 1 presented 43% of correct choices (the participants distributed the gains accordingly to the experimental condition imposed), and the group 2 made 19% correct choices. These results showed that procedures which use contingent consequences (win or lose in a trial) without contiguity with the interlock, make it difficult to select such interlock. However, interlocked contingencies of reinforcement were selected by its aggregated outcome under variables not controlled in the experiment. This phenomenon can be characterized as an experimental analogous of a metacontingency. The procedure, possible improvements of the procedure and the complexity of the experimental task are discussed. Emergent superstitious rule patterns of behavior are also discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação do procedimento de decomposição comportamental para a descrição de competências no contexto público federal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-18) RAMOS, Camila Carvalho; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The Competency Management model was introduced in Brazil through Decree 5,707 / 2006 to guide the development of personnel in the Federal Public Administration. Although many organizations seek to implement this new management model, little attention has been given to the description of ompetencies. According to previous researches, teaching objectives or, in this study, competence, need to specify the concrete behavior of a professional who should be learned or improved from the training activities. The objective and exact specification of these competencies is a crucial first step in the whole process of management. The aim of this study was to apply the behavioral decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies a federal public institution. To do so, they were prepared and analyzed five problematic conditions of the descriptions of competencies which could hinder its operation. The study was conducted in a federal public institution was divided into the following phases: 1) Competency Mapping, 2) Categorization; 3) Analysis of the descriptions of competencies and behavioral decomposition. As a result of mapping it has identified 191 competencies. The decomposition results showed that 93.20% of skill descriptions presented at least one of the five problematic conditions. In addition, when analyzing and decomposing mapped competencies have been identified behavioral 1,168 units. The results confirm the suitability of the decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies. The categorization of failures formulation, developed in the educational context, proved useful to the organizational context. Subsequent studies should explore the possible impact of the procedure here about the effectiveness of subsequent stages of management by competencies such as setting priorities for training activities for the institution to achieve its strategic objectives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem por exclusão: análise de um procedimento de ensino em crianças diagnosticadas com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-22) OLIVEIRA, Thayline; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Behavioral analysts have developed a number of methodologies, especially from the stimulus equivalence paradigm, to investigate reading skills in children with learning disabilities. However, few studies involving exclusion have proposed to investigate reading teaching in individuals with atypical development. When it comes to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), study has not been identified in the literature. Therefore, this research aims to investigate whether the exclusion procedure combined to CRMTS is effective to establish arbitrary relationships between figures and printed words for children with ASD; if the naming of printed words emerges after training; and finally, if the reading of new words occurs. The data indicate that the training involving the exclusion and CRMTS procedures were effective to establish arbitrary relations between figures and printed words with little exposure to errors and to generate the reading of the dissyllable words in the naming tests. However, the procedure was not sufficient to emerge the recombinative reading of the new words.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação de emissões vocais de macacos-prego (Cebus apella, Primate, Cebidae) a contextos comportamentais em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MARQUES, Karoline Luiza Sarges; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The vocalization is an important form of communication in primates, because the majority of the species lives in dense forests, what makes difficult visual communication at a distance. The Cebus apella species presents a rich vocal repertoire contextualized to diverse behaviors, as feeding, foraging, predators avoidance, contact, copulation, and others. Aiming to elaborate a vocalization data base of sixteen Cebus apella captive subjects, we collected, at the Experimental School for Primates biotery of Federal University of Pará, vocalizations emitted in natural occurrences (agonism, contact) and in designed experiments (individual meal and alarm). The vocalizations were recorded, edited, and the sonograms were made and analysed. At least ten distinct vocal emissions, grouped in different contexts (feeding, alarm, agonism and contact) and the behaviors without vocalizations were mapped. Our data confirmed that Cebus apella species, own an extensive vocal repertoire, with different calls associated to particular behaviors, exhibit sexual differences in calls and sound unity combinations, in agreement with indications of the cerebral plasticity and the social complexity of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autoeficácia e Percepção de Mães e Avós de Crianças com Caracteríscticas do TDAH
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-09) DOURADO, Carolina Morais; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
This dissertation aimed to investigate the perception of mothers and grandmothers of children with characteristics of ADHD regarding their parental self efficacy and general self - efficacy and also the perception they present about the characteristics of their children. Its structure consists of two interdependent studies. The collection environment for both studies was the Center for Health Care of Women and Children (CASMUC-UFPA). In the first, the objective was to investigate the perception of self-efficacy of caregivers of children with ADHD characteristics, considering the subtype of the disorder and the children's total intelligence quotient. Twenty-four caregivers older than 18 years participated; self-reported as primary caregiver for children aged 6 to 12 years. The exploratory interview protocol was used; Parental Self efficacy scale; EAEG; SNAP IV; Wisc IV. The data from this study showed that the caregivers presented lower values of parental self-efficacy and self-efficacy related to general aspects of life. The lowest levels were linked to ADHD cases of the combined subtype. From the application of Wisc IV, it was observed that in both groups of caregivers, with low and high parental self-efficacy, the children presented Total Intelligence Quotient below the expected average for the age group. In the second study, the objective was to describe the perception of mothers and grandmothers about the characteristics of the child with traits of ADHD, as well as the relationship that these caregivers have with them and the perception about the role of being a caregiver. Participants were six mothers / grandmothers of children between 6 and 12 years old. The instruments and techniques used were an exploratory interview protocol and a focus group interview. Data were analyzed via SPSS- (version 20.0) and content analysis. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed in the discourse of the parents the following categories: 1) Perception of the first difficulties; 2) Perception about the child (positive perception and negative perception of behavior); 3) Perception about the parental partner (Collaborative Perception and Non-Collaborative Perception); 4) Perception of third parties about the child; 5) Assistance services; 6) Risk factors (social risks and spirituality); 7) Protection factors (Spirituality and Availability for care). It is hoped that the data presented in both studies will contribute to the investigation of the mental health of caregivers of children with mental disorders and will provide the basis for the creation of public policies that intervene in the psychological well-being of caregivers and children.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autores de agressão sexual de crianças e adolescentes: experiências adversas na infância e fatores associados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-26) FERRAZ, Maíra de Maria Pires; VELOSO, Milene Maria Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6105598873866312; CALVACANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-0651
Studies that identify the different profiles of sex offenders against children and adolescents have been more explored in the literature, however, the investigation of their life trajectory remains less observed in the Brazilian population, mainly from the perspective of Bioecological Theory of Human Development. This study aimed to demonstrate possible relationships between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and personal and situational factors in the bioecology of the development of male sex offenders against children and adolescentes (n = 30), who were serving time in prison units located in the mesoregions of the state of Pará. To this aim, a system of categories was built based on the ACE-IQ Test instrument, which defines ACE as potentially traumatic experiences that become a source of chronic stress, with negative outcomes for development at later ages. The results were analyzed from two different stages: the first, quantitative, where the descriptors of the occurrence, frequency and typology of ACE were identified, and a second, quanti-qualitative, in which excerpts from the interviews with sex offenders were inserted into the Software IRAMUTEQ to perform simple and multivariate textual analysis. In this sample, 96.67% of sex offenders reported having experienced at least one subcategory of ACE, while more than half (60%) revealed four or more, with an average of 4.36. Physical abuse was the most reported ACE (70%), being mainly related to the figure of the mother, while the death and/or divorce of parents (56.67%) and substance abuse in the domestic context (53%, 33) were related to the father. About 40% of the participants reported experiences involving sexual abuse, whose reports specified characteristics such as age and bond with the possible perpetrator, while social violence appeared mainly in contexts of ecological transition from childhood to adolescence. It was observed that experiences of death and/or divorce of the parents, emotional neglect and domestic violence in the trajectory of sex offenders in this sample can increase the risk of experiencing sexual abuse in childhood. Participants with higher ACE scores abuse children more frequently and with less need of alcohol or other drugs use. The results reveal the existence of a relationship between the frequency and tipology of ACE and factors related to the commitment of sexual aggression, demonstrating that this is a variable to be considered in the investigation with sex offenders, since the effects of stress resulting from such experiences can manifest both in the short and long term, influencing the future adoption of sexually abusive behaviors. It is suggested that further studies may directly apply the ACE-IQ Test to larger samples, with the realization of a post-test to provide greater reliability to the collected reports.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de simetria por comparação de treinos de emparelhamento ao modelo sucessivo (go/no-go)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-16) PICANÇO, Carlos Rafael Fernandes; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Successive matching-to-sample (go/no-go) has been pointed out as an effective procedure to reduce stimulus control digressions in conditional relation training with non-humans. Other studies suggest the comparison between (symmetrical and non symetrical) conditional discrimination acquisition curves as a way to evaluate properties of equivalence relations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using both procedures above mentioned in evaluating the property of symmetry in four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp). Stimulus presentation, activation of devices, and response recording were automatically controlled by software. Subjects were maintained under conditions approved by IBAMA. By mean of an “ABAB” single subject design, the acquisition of symmetrical (A) and non-symmetrical (B) conditional discriminations were compared. In both Condition A and B, conditional relations A-B and B-A were simultaneously trained so that in every condition, four new arbitrary conditional discriminations (with new stimuli arbitrarily related) were presented. When symmetrical, positive combinations were A1-B1, A2 B2, B1-A1, and B2-A2, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A2 and B2 A1. When non-symmetrical, positive combinations were A1 B1, A2 B2, B1 A2, and B2 A1, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A1 e B2 A2. Two of the four subjects (Negão e Bongo) completed que acquisition of one (Bongo) or two (Negão) sets of conditional relations (Conditions A-symmetrical and B-non-symmetrical) for the evaluation of the viability of the procedure to verify the property of symmetry. Data demonstrate that the method here reported detected the presence of the property of symmetry in the conditional relations leraned by Negão and its absence in the conditional relations learned by Bongo. Data are inconclusive for the other two subjects. One detailed analysis of the performance of each subject and its measures is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação psicopedagógica de crianças em acolhimento institucional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) PINHEIRO, Marcilene Alves; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051; OLIVEIRA, Ana Irene Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8839751954613395
One of the great challenges of contemporary society is to address the issues surrounding the care of children and adolescents in institutions and the possible consequences of that period in their development. Current studies seek to look at the host institution as developmental context from the perspective Bioecological Human Development, in which not only focuses on the context, but the interactions that the developing person keeps to him. This study aimed to verify the applicability of the software Desenvolve ® on cognitive assessment of children aged five to seven years on condition of institutional care, discussing the possibility of environmental arrangements and materials that will promote a healthy development. The participants were 16 children, aged from five to seven years, welcomed a Belém’s public host institution. To gather sociodemographic data sheet used the Ficha de Caracterização da Criança, that is a form consists of 94 items divided into five categories: identification of the child, family structure, history of institutionalization, sociojurídica current situation and child health, which were extracted the variables age, sex, education, reason for the host, length of stay in residential care, and educational evaluation. The cognitive assessment was performed by software Desenvolve ® that trough 127 screen measures the performance on 19 cognitive skills, which were analyzed in two categories: percentage of hits and misses¸ and percentage yield in each cognitive skill. The results reveal that the universe of participants is composed mostly of boys (75%), aged five years, family neglect the main reason for the reception. It is noteworthy also that 50% of participants go through their first experience of institutional care, while others face their second and third experiments on schooling has been that all children have started their school activities and / or develop in host institution’s Room Service Educational, however, there is a grace period for the medical records of educational evaluation. In cognitive assessment, for the category of percentage of hits and misses, has hit percentage greater than the errors for all children aged seven years, since the category of percentage of income in each cognitive skill stand out as cognitive skills of low income: perception of letters and numbers, perception timeline, naming numbers, sense of time, sense and perception of numerical sequence sequence. From these results, we propose a plan of environmental strategies and materials to promote healthy development, consisting of 12 strategies that encompass both activities aimed at (re) organization of the physical environment and the teachers of the institution, and to direct stimulation cognitive skills of lower income. Through the indicators of this study can observe the applicability software Desenvolve® for the assessment of children in situations of institutional care and the importance of this kind of mapping for the development and implementation of strategies that will promote and ratify the host institution as context promoter of healthy development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliando o uso de reforçamento em um procedimento de correção no ensino de tato para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) CARNEIRO, Ana Carolina Cabral; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
An important aspect of intervention for people with autism based on Applied Behavior Analysis is that procedures should be used to reduce errors while learning a repertoire, considering the effects that errors may have on the learning process. Some studies have investigated the effects of correction procedure that requires active student response after the repetition of a trial with error. Some intervention manuals recommend do not reinforce answers corrected in the correction procedure with active response to prevent the establishment dependence of prompt used for correction. This study investigated the effect of reinforcement in an active-response correction procedure during the tact training in four children with autism. In an intra-participant design an echoic to tact training was made (initial training with simultaneous echoic prompt and then with a 3 s. delayed prompt) with adapted alternating treatment - one condition with reinforcement after corrections and the other condition unreinforced. All participants needed less correction trials in condition with reinforcement than in unreinforced correction condition, and participant‘s performance was superior in training condition with reinforcement after correction in nine of the twelve stimulus sets used in the study. We discuss the effectiveness of the reinforcement after the correction procedure, the absence of reinforcement dependence in this procedure, and the applied implications of the results.