Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aquisição de relações condicionais simétricas e não simétricas e formação de classes por Cebus apella
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SOARES FILHO, Paulo Sérgio Dillon; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Difficulty in documenting class formation in non-human participants may be due to the use of standard training and testing procedures developed in the context of research with human participants. Differences among testing and training situation may produce a decrease in performance during test. Using capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) as subject, this study intended to compare acquisition curve of a symmetrical with non-symmetrical conditional relation tasks, with different baselines for each conditional relation trained. This comparative analysis may provide us with some evidence of class formation without the need of the stimulus equivalence standard test protocols. Two male capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) participated: a young-adult (M09) and an adult (M12), both with history of simple and conditional discrimination training. Six pairs of bi-dimensional stimuli were used (A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3, A4-B4, A5-B5, and A6-B6). The procedure comprised three phases. In Phase 1, a “preparatory” 0-delay arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A1-B1 and A2-B2). In Phase 2, a "consistent" or “symmetrical” arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A3-B3, A4-B4, B3-A3, and B4-A4). In Phase 3, a "inconsistent" or “non-symmetrical” arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A5-B5, A6-B6, B5-A6, and B6-A5). Subject M12 finished all phases of the experiment. The comparative analysis between symmetrical and non-symmetrical acquisition curves (subject M12) shows easier acquisition of symmetrical task than non-symmetrical relations, suggesting that the arbitrary related events are members of class. This data suggest that the comparison between acquisition curves, such as it is described here, is a promising way to evaluate class formation in non-human participants. Subject M09 was removed from experiment because his performance did not reach the criterion in phase 3.1. M09 results pointed the need of a refined control relations analysis during the MTS task, making possible to improve the training procedure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atenção conjunta e repertórios verbais em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) SILVA, Flávia Teresa Neves; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
This work brought together a literature review and two experimental studies in order to investigate the relationship between joint attention (JA) and verbal repertoires in children with autism. The first study reviewed studies based on Behavior Analysis methodologies and procedures that investigated the teaching of JA for children with autism, trying to describe and analyze the variables involved in teaching joint attention responses (JAR) and initiation of joint attention (IJA). The first experimental study investigated in three children with autism functional relationships that could be established between social conditional discriminative stimuli/reinforcers and JA, tact and mand. The second experimental study evaluated in three children with autism who had joint attention the relationship between expressive and receptive vocabulary. The literature review showed that Behavior Analysis provides efficient technologies to teach JAR and IJA, but that JAR is more easily installed than the IJA. The results of empirical studies 1) indicate that the JA is important for children with autism properly establish the object-name relationship displayed by adults and thus expand and generalize these learned verbal relations; and 2) have suggested the need for expansion of reinforcing community of this population and the intensive tact instruction in order to increase the opportunities that the child will recruit adult attention as a conditioned social reinforcer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação comportamental de crianças com Síndrome do Respirador Bucal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) CASTELO BRANCO, Marília Fontes de; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
The Mouth Breathing Syndrome (MBS) causes physical and behavioral characteristics that interfere on the child’s quality of life. The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be related to mouth breathing in the individual, as well as to the presence of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB). Moreover, studies indicate that adenotonsillectomy reduces the occurrence of behavior indicative of ADHD in patients with MBS, and produces significant improvement in SDB. Objectives: (a) characterize the sociodemographic condition and risk indicators of children diagnosed with MBS; (b) analyze behavioral patterns associated with ADHD and sleep habits of children diagnosed with MBS, observed before and after adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The participants were 44 children, of both genders, between two and 12 years of age, seen in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of a university hospital. The sample was also composed by these children’s caregivers and teachers. Data collection was accomplished through: (1) Application of the Child and Family Information Form and the Developmental and Medical History Form with caregivers, followed by the Child Behavior Checklist - Caregiver Version (CBCL) and the criteria for ADHD diagnosis from DSM-IV; (2) Application of the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF); (3) Application of the Sleep Habits Inventory for Preschool Children and Sleep Behavior Questionnaire, for schoolchildren; (4) Post-surgery Behavioral Evaluation, using the CBCL and the sleep inventories, two months after surgery; and (5) Follow-up interview. Mostly, the mouth breathers: a) were school children; b) were 7-9 years old; c) were female; d) their primary caregiver had completed High School; e) his/her family income was around one and two minimum wages; f) had an original family constitution; g) were at a moderate psychosocial risk. It was observed that most participants in this study went through a normal pregnancy, with no events that could cause harm, and their delivery was also performed appropriately, however, part of the mouth breathers in this sample was cyanotic during or immediately after delivery and presented respiratory problems during the first months. Regarding the baby's temper in the first year of life, most of them were hyperactive and had difficulty falling asleep and being kept busy. The majority of the mouth breathers’ developmental milestones in this study happened in a period within the typical patterns of child development. The most frequent health problems were: appetite problems; and sleep problems. A decrease in frequency of ADHD-related behaviors was observed after surgery in both preschoolers and school children, according to data from CBCL (p = 0.723). And most items in the Sleep Habits Inventory for Preschool Children had a reduction in the frequency of inappropriate habits and an increase in the frequency of appropriate behaviors. In the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire, applied to school children, it was seen that few had sleep problems in the post-surgery evaluation and most sleep problems were reduced in frequency. The greatest reductions occurred in moves a lot while sleeping and snores in his/her sleep (p = 1.000). The preventive multidisciplinary assessment of mouth breathing is suggested as well as the incorporation of a control group, composed by nasal breathers, in future studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O conceito de incontrolabilidade na pesquisa experimental e na terapia comportamental da depressão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FERREIRA, Darlene Cardoso; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Behavior Analysis offers many explanations for the phenomenon called depression, one of which refers to the model of learned helplessness. Learned helplessness is defined as a learning disability which results from exposure to uncontrollable aversive stimuli. As one of the products of this exposure, there would be the acquisition of behavioral patterns common to those observed in depressed individuals, like inactivity. Because of the parallel among the effects of the experience of uncontrollability on the behavioral repertoire in humans and nonhumans, learned helplessness has been suggested as an animal model of depression. In the literature references to the uncontrollability experience are often found in association with learned helplessness, whose occurrence is strictly linked to that condition. Uncontrollability also seems relevant to the installation of responses identified with depression. In this paper, the definitions of uncontrollability reported by publications in the field of clinical and experimental behavior psychology were described discussing the relevance of this concept in functional explanations of depression in Behavior Analysis and its possible contribution to a model of clinical depression in the light of this approach. The relationship between uncontrollability and depression is treated from five analysis categories: 1) Variability of investigated phenomena, results and definitions offered; 2) Differential effects of uncontrollability in the face of aversive and appetitive stimuli; 3) Cross-sectional approaches of the relevant variables: installers x maintainers, historical x current, exclusive x superimposed on other phenomena; 4) Uncontrollability in humans: numerous assumptions, scarce empirical evidence and verbal contingencies; 5) Treatment of depression: points of contact and distance in face of empirical investigation. The different uses of the concept of uncontrollability are distinguished, indicating how the same verbal topography issued by various authors is controlled by different events. Relevant variables to the generality of learned helplessness as the experimental model and animal equivalent of depression are discussed, justifying the need for more research into aspects such as the correspondence between the concept of uncontrollability and the experimentally established condition in the laboratory, the effects of different types of uncontrollable stimulation, the production of learned helplessness in humans and involvement of verbal processes and the different effects of pre-aversive signaling of uncontrollable stimuli. It is noted that, in general, the behavioranalytic treatment of depression consists of procedures which focus on teaching that responding controls the environment and can provide reinforcements. Also, the role of uncontrollability in the installation of depression is analyzed, concluding, ultimately, that it is a sufficient, yet not necessary condition for the occurrence and/or maintenance of the phenomenon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho de crianças brasileiras nos subtestes de execução da escala de inteligência wechsler (4 – edição)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-05) PAZ, Carlos Eduardo Dias Oliveira da; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186; GOUVEIA JR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study will address the performance assessment on the WISC´s execution subtests in public and particular school children in the city of Belém in the state of Pará. The targer age group for this project will be from 06 years and 01 month until 16 years and 11 months. The chosen tool to perform this project will be the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition Brazilian (WISC IV). The assessment will still have as objectives the development of data which will be compared to the North-American samples for the padronization of the WISC IV. It´s worth to highlight that the application of the scale will be complete. The motor performance of the child can be studied through mensuration of the observable behavior, through psychometric tests or assessment by psychological testes that utilize standard scales. In Brazil the utilization of the WISC Scale is wide. The study of learning factors in a city like Belém will be of major importance for the knowledge of performance problems in education in the city, but mainly for helping in the elucidation of the relation between the neuropsychological motor development and culture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças das unidades de educação infantil do município de Belém: características pessoais e fatores ambientais associados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-08) GUERREIRO, Talitha Buenaño França; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
Child development is considered a sequence of changes in behavior and underlying processes, being influenced by biological and environmental factors. Screening and monitoring the neurodevelopment (DNPM) have been shown to be effective procedures for early identification of different disorders of childhood development. This study was focused on children aged 36-48 months attending Early Childhood Education Units (SIU), distributed in the Administrative Districts of the city of Belém. It aimed to relate their state of the neurodevelopment to personal characteristics and variables from the ecological environment. The study is cross-sectional, descriptive exploratory. For the development assessment, it was used the Developmental Screening Test II Denver. For the characterization of families, it was used a questionnaire oriented to the biopsychosocial characteristics of the child, and an instrument for measuring the poverty level of their families. The study revealed that of the 319 children evaluated, 77.74% had probable delays in development. The variables that were statistically significant were paternal education (0.000 **), the child's primary caregiver (0.039 *), and pregnancy planning (0.007 *). Regarding the instrument measuring the level of urban poverty, the scores ranged from 28 to 52 points, and showed a statistically significant relation with the outcome (0.003). The high prevalence of probable developmental delays seen in children of the city’s UEI showed the need to introduce early stimulation programs, encouraging the monitoring of child development through screening, in addition to alert for the issue of negative interference of socioeconomic and cultural factors in child growth and development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Discriminação com três tipos de contingências supressivas: extinção, punição e extinção + punição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FARIAS, Danielle Chaves de; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
In studies on stimulus control is predominantly used reinforcement in SD and Extinction in SΔ to establish a simple discrimination. Few studies used Punishment in SΔ to establish such a differential responding, however, most of those produced faster learning than traditionally achieved with extinction only. When this type of procedure was used, in general, the electric shock was used as punishment. Carvalho Neto and Cols. have experimented a hot air blast (HAB) as an aversive alternative stimulus and so far successed in suppressive contexts (contingent and non contingent presentation) and negative reinforcement (escape and avoidance). Carvalho Neto and Farias (2006) and Carvalho Neto and Costa (2008) tested the HAB as suppressor in SΔ seeking to produce a light/dark discrimination and punitive contingencies in these studies were more effective than the traditional. However, some methodological problems were identified in these studies that limited their conclusions. This study sought to control some of these variables, in particular, the passage of fixed time and type of scheme in place. Six male rats were divided into three conditions: Extinction, Punishment and Extinction+Punishment. An operant conditioning box adapted to HAB was used. The procedure for the three conditions was the same, except for the sessions of Discrimination Training (reinforcement in SD for all conditions and during SΔ: Extinction for the extinction condition, Punishment for the Punishment condition and Punishment+Extinction for Punishment+Extinction condition). The subjects of the conditionsin wich the punishment was used showed a discriminated responding while the subjects assigned to Extinction condition failed to produce this responding pointing that the use of aversive control was more efficient that the traditional procedure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de diferentes histórias de treino sobre a ocorrência de "insight" em macacos-prego (Cebus spp.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-17) NEVES FILHO, Hernando Borges; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The origin of novel behavior is a multilayered phenomenon that comprehends several distinct processes. One of these processes is known as insightful problem solving. The "insight" could be explained as a result of a spontaneous interconnection of multiple previously learned behavioral repertoires. The objective of this study was to investigate if different performances of insightful problem solving could be produced by different training histories of behavioral prerequisites in Cebus spp. Six subjects were divided in two groups of three subjects each. The prerequisite repertoires taught were: 1) to join two different objects (joining), and; 2) to rake a box with food inside using a tool (raking). The subjects of the first group had an asymmetric training of the two prerequisite repertoires. In this group the joining ability had a short training with a low learning criterion, and an extensive training of the raking ability, with a high learning criterion. The subjects of this group had to obtain more than the double of the number of training sessions for raking, in comparison with the joining repertoire. The other group passed by a symmetric training of the two repertoires, with high learning criterions for both. The subjects of this group passed by the same number of training sessions of joining and raking. In the test situation, a two joinable pieces tool never before handled by the subjects were presented, with a box with food out of range that could only be reached with the joined tool. Most of the subjects successfully solved the final task, with consistent results depending on the type of training. Only one subject of the asymmetric group didn’t solve the task. The topographies of solving were highly dependable on the quantity of training of one repertoire in comparison to another.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de três procedimentos de intervenção sobre adesão ao tratamento em adultos com diabetes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-19) CASSEB, Mariene da Silva; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9295
Due to the high prevalence of diabetes, studies have been conducted in an attempt to produce consistent knowledge to minimize this problem and investigate the variables that affect the purchasing adherence behavior. However, it is not clear which educational strategies are more effective, or if the effectiveness is related to a set of these strategies. Aim of this study, we sought to analyze the effect of three interventional procedures based on behavioral technologies to promote the nutrition and physical activity rule-following for adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. These procedures relate to: (1) providing information about diabetes, (2) information combined with the provision of feedback for behaviors related to diabetes treatment, and (3) provision of information combined with the self-monitoring training of behaviors related to treatment diabetes. Diet and regular physical activity were the aspects investigated in this study. Participants 12 adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, selected in Hiperdia Program of the two health services in Belém-Pará city. Participants were divided into three conditions: Information Condition, Information and Feedback Condition, Information and Self-Monitoring Condition. Data were collected in the home environment of the participants through interview scripts, test of knowledge about diabetes treatment, feedback protocol, manual of guidelines and protocols on diabetes of nutrition and physical activity self-monitoring. The results show that during the study was improvement in the level of knowledge about diabetes care after using the guidebook, but not enough to ensure adherence on the Information Condition, and Information and Feedback Condition. However, participants in the three conditions showed positive changes in ways that were not the focus of study, such as use of medication and foot care. The provision of information combined with self-monitoring training exerted a greater effect on increasing the quality of reporting of behaviors and the construction and expansion of compliance behaviors class of behavior reported as the lowest adherence was the performance of physical activity, compared eating behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da automonitoração sobre o comportamento de adesão a dois tipos de regras nutricionais em adultos com diabetes tipo 2
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12) GOMES, Daniela Lopes; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of multiple etiology, whose treatment includes changes in lifestyle, which adopting healthy eating habits is very important to control the disease. However, adherence to diet is one of the most challenging aspects for the treatment of this pathology. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of self-monitoring procedures on the behavior of the two types of membership rules Nutrition (Food Plan - BP and Total Carbohydrate Counting - CTC) in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Participated in four adults enrolled in the program HiperDia of a City Health Unit, in Bethlehem, presenting difficulties of adherence to the diet. Data collection took place at the Pathology Laboratory of Nutrition and the participants at their homes. The procedure consisted of: (1) Membership of the sample and interview for confirmation of inclusion criteria, (2) Characterization of baseline (BL) in eating behavior, (3) Intervention: Self-Monitoring Training (AM) with PA to two participants in Condition A (CTA) and CTC for two participants in Condition B (CTb), (4) Reversal of the conditions of training, (5) Follow-up and (6) Final interview. The AM Training includes verifying the correspondence between the record of eating behavior and nutritional rules and the analysis of costs and benefits of emission behaviors of following established rules, functional analysis of the issue or behavior does not follow the rules and planning the actions of membership. The participant was asked to record all meals at intervals of every two days at each home visit by the researcher. We calculated the index of Accession to the Diet (IAD) per day of registration. Results showed that, at baseline the IADs of all participants were below 50%. However, after training in the AM, the mean IADs obtained by participants when subjected to AP was equal to 62.49%, while the CTC was obtained in 75.50%. The absolute values of IADs found in the CTA participants were higher than those of participants from the IADs CTb. All participants, regardless of condition, showed an increase in IADs when compared with the LB, with a decline after discontinuation of AM. At the end of the MA, PA and two participants chose to follow two CTC treatment, however, showed that all retained the wake of BP at follow-up. Inferred that the CTC seems to be more effective in installing appropriate eating behaviors and the AP seems to get good results in terms of behavior installed. All participants were overweight at LB, two participants reduced the weight after the intervention, but all maintained the nutritional diagnosis of LB. As for glycated hemoglobin, all participants had levels above 6% during the LB and after the intervention, three participants reduced their value. It discusses the importance of nutritionists assist the patient to be under the control of the observed changes in its repertoire through the analysis of contingencies, prescribing an individualized treatment beyond the focus on disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de choques incontroláveis sobre comportamento agressivo do peixe de briga do Sião (Betta splendens)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-29) CARVALHO, Paula Danielle Palheta; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The previous exposure to uncontrollable aversive events may produce not only difficulty in learning new responses, widely reported in studies of learned helplessness, but may also affect unlearned behavior such as aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of uncontrollable shocks on the aggressive behavior of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). It was utilized 18 domesticated Betta splendens divided into three groups with 6 animals each, a group that did not receive shocks (Control – CTRL), one that received Controllable Shocks (CHC group) and one that received uncontrollable shocks (CHI group). The apparatus used were an aquarium proper to the observation of aggressive behavior and a shuttlebox for the shock treatment. The procedure was performed in three phases: in the first phase, the aggressive behavior of the animal was registered (baseline) for 5 minutes after 10 minutes of habituation. In the second phase, the animals of the CHC group received 3 controllable shocks of approximately 0.6V with maximum duration of 30s each if the animal did not issue an escape response that consisted in crossing to the opposite side of apparatus, which ceased the shocks; all the animals escaped in three attempts. The animals of the CHI group, in the second phase, received the same amount and duration of shocks that received its equivalent in the CHC group. In the third phase, the test was carried out and the aggressive behavior was registered again, similarly to the baseline. The interval between phases was of 24h approximately. The components of aggressive behavior registered were: display; attack; emerging; resting. These behaviors were measured regarding the latency of the first response, response frequency and duration. Statistical analysis were performed between groups and intragroup; the analysis between groups did not show statistically significant differences, and the intragroup analysis showed significant difference only regarding the latency of the first display response in the test [H(1) = 4.078, p = 0.041] in the CHI group, thought this response decreased in all group. Therefore, this reduction cannot be attributable to the treatment with uncontrollable shocks. Thus, since there were no statistically significant differences between groups nor intragroup for the responses measured, neither before nor after the exposure to uncontrollable shocks, it can be said that, taking into account the experimental conditions of this study, the uncontrollable shocks do not attenuate the aggressive behavior of Betta splendens similarly to what happens with rats and mice when they are exposed to situation of uncontrollability with electric shocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de regras sobre comportamentos de cuidados com os pés em pessoas com diabetes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-18) NAJJAR, Enise Cássia Abdo; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The amputation of lower limbs is one of the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications caused by diabetes foot. Simple preventive measures focused on foot care behavior care are significant help in prevention against diabetes foot. Due to the high severity and prevalence of diabetes foot, several studies have been made aiming to identify variables which contribute to improve adhesion to preventive measures concerning foot care of diabetes patients. However, it has not yet become clear which factors contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior. The proposal of this study was to identify variables which contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior, thus contributing to avoid diabetes feet in people with diabetes. The thesis is divided into three studies: the first one, transversal descriptive, was characterized as a baseline for the other two, which were experimental. The research was developed in a basic health unit in the city of Belém, Pará Brazil. The first study investigated: the rules (orientations) related to foot care presented to patients with diabetes by health professionals of the Hiperdia; the behavioral repertoire of 54 participants with diabetes on foot care; the state of feet health care of participants with diabetes. The second study investigated the effect of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior in people with diabetes, manipulating, or not, the presentation of questions on foot care; and, if the patient were receiving foot examinations. The third one investigated, on 16 patients, the effects of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior of people with diabetes, when: (a) reports that rule following of foot care produced social reinforcement; (b) the patients were presented with rules which explained why foot care rules should be followed; (c) they were presented rules that specified justifications on why foot care rules should be followed, and the report on following foot care rules produced a social reinforcement; (d) report on foot care rule following did not produce social reinforcement and the rules presented did not have the justifications for foot care. Results from Study 1 indicated that the presentation of instructions on foot care by health professionals is insufficient, the behavioral repertoire of foot care is precarious, and there is possibility of risks in developing diabetes foot among the patients. In general, the manipulations carried out on both Study 2 and 3 favored an increase of new behavior on foot care in the participants’ behavioral repertoire. These data suggest that foot care rule following depends on: (a) contact with aversive consequences caused by following or not of rules; (b) the presentation of questions which favor behavior self-destruction; (c) the presentation of social reinforcement; (d) the presentation of justifications to the emission of behavior; (e) combined presentation of justifications for the emission of behavior and the consequences for the behavior emitted; (f) exposition to a greater number of favorable conditions to rule following; (g) pre-experimental historic of rule following; and, (h) monitoring of rule following behavior by health professional.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equivalência monetária em crianças surdas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-15) MAGALHÃES, Priscila Giselli Silva; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
In the teaching of monetary skills the procedures of matching to sample (MTS) and constructed response matching to sample (CRMTS) have proven effective. However, there is a controversy about the importance of prerequisites. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the effect of teaching on the monetary equivalence in deaf children with different mathematical repertoires. A total of ten children participated. They were enrolled in a specialized school for deaf students, where the sessions were carried out and were distributed in two groups: Children with greater mathematical repertoire (Group I) and children with lower mathematical repertoire (Group II). A computer was used with software (REL 5.3.3 for Windows). Initially, the participants were exposed to pre-test and a pre-training identity. Then, the teaching of conditional relations in MTS between monetary value in Brazilian Signal Language (LIBRAS) and decimal numerals (AB), monetary value in LIBRAS and figures of coins (AC) and the monetary value in LIBRAS and figures of paper money (AD), followed by tests of symmetry and transitivity. In both groups, there was emergence of relations for most of the participants. Also a CRMTS teaching figures of paper money and decimal numerals (DB') was conducted, followed by tests of symmetry and transitivity. In the tests there was variability in responses in both groups. Post-tests and maintenance tests showed consistent performance with training. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate the results of experiment 1 verifying that changes in procedure would produce monetary equivalence in deaf children. Three deaf children participated. The experimental environment, materials and equipment were the same of Experiment 1. The procedure was similar to that used in Experiment 1, but with the introduction of some experimental phases: 1) randomized trials in the training, teaching numerical components and pre-training CRMTS. Results indicate the emergence of relations for the three participants in MTS and the emergence of a few relations in CRMTS. In both experiments the complexity of the task was one of the possible explanations of the performance and the prerequisites not interfered with the learning of this type of task.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias de modelagem de Go/No-go e verificação de sua necessidade para ocorrência de simetria em macacos-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-08) BORGES, Rubilene Pinheiro; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The learning of bidirectional conditional relations (symmetry) has rarely been demonstrated in non-human. Recently, three studies presented positive data from behavioral repertoires of symmetry in pigeons. These studies indicated some variables as possible determinants of the emergence of symmetry: 1) Intermixed training of arbitrary and identity relations at the same time and with the same set of stimuli, 2) Non-exposition to prior training of any kind of relationship with same stimuli, and 3) The use of the successive conditional discrimination (Go/No-go). This study aimed to determine the need for the use of Go/No-go, using the other variables (intermixed training and no prior exposure), to obtain the emergence of symmetry. This study evaluated in two capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) the learning of arbitrary and identity relations of stimuli presented in the same experimental session and the emergence of symmetry, using two procedures. One subject (M18) was trained in Go/No-go task with mixed arbitrary and identity trials, with the same set of stimuli. The subject went through two Go/No-go training that have not been successful in establishing conditional control. Another subject (M27) was trained in a 0-delayed matching-to-sample task with mixed arbitrary and identity trials, with the same set of stimuli too. This second procedure aimed to determine the need to use the procedure Go/No-go to obtain the emergence of symmetry. Training sessions were composed of eight identity trials (four relations) and eight arbitrary trials (two relations), presented in random sequence. All trials had three choices as comparisons. Subsequently, M27 was submitted to three tests (all of the trials had programmed reinforcement). The intermixed baseline training (identity and arbitrary) occurred in 14 sessions. The first test of symmetry was a session of eight trials for each of the four relations of identity, two arbitrary, and two test trials in a total of 64 trials, and the performance criterion was seven correct trials out of eight for each relation. M27 had 2 errors in a identity relation and reached the criterion for all the others, including those of symmetry. To determine whether there was a consistency of stimulus control, the second test was made in which the choices between the comparisons could no longer be conditional to the model, since was used one single new stimulus as sample at all time in both baseline and test trials. M27 made three errors global. This result may indicate that some kind of unprogrammed stimulus control, developed: as the same two pairs of stimuli alternated in the S- function in all trials, M27 may have learned to reject the two pairs of stimuli independently of the sample presented. In order to verify if indeed there was no control for selection according to the sample, it was ran a test with only two comparisons with the same settings of the first test. M27 made six errors in 32 identity baseline trials, six in 16 arbitrary trials and six in the 16 symmetry trials. The correct responses were therefore above chance level, which partly confirms the hypothesis above and may indicate the presence of a mixed stimulus control between conditional and discriminative stimuli for comparison.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Jato de ar quente como estímulo aversivo: uma investigação sobre as respostas eliciadas e induzidas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-19) SILVA, Gisele Fernandez da; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The Hot Air Blast (HAB) is an aversive stimulus that has been used as an alternative stimulus for the electric shock. However, little is known about the responses elicited and/or induced by it. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible responses elicited and/or induced by the HAB in two different experiments. In Experiment 1 the HAB was presented in a non-contingently schedule (VT3min, in a single 40min session). In Experiment 2 the HAB was presented in a contingent schedule, punishing the bar press response (FR1 + VI60s reinforcement for approximately 18 sessions). Five rats were used for each experiment and an adapted operant conditioning chamber. The main induced responses observed in Experiment. 1 were crouching: flat-back, walking, sniffing and visual scan. In Experiment. 2 the observed responses were: placing itself on the bar, sniffing the ceiling, contact with the body, rising, and visual scan. It was also observed a decrease of the response of inserting the head into the feeder. The results of both experiments point to some specific responses of staying away from the feeder and bar region and may be considered concurrent of the bar press operant response. The observed response suppression with the use of the HAB may be, therefore, explained through Skinner's asymmetric proposition for the punishment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes: limites e possibilidades de atuação de profissionais de saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-17) VELOSO, Milene Maria Xavier; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-179X
The issue of maltreatment of children and adolescents constitutes a serious public health problem, since it can produce morbidity and / or mortality, but trouble for your development throughout the life cycle. In this sense health professionals have an important role in identification, reporting and handling of cases. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of health professionals about maltreatment of children and adolescents, their attitudes and difficulties for the management of this phenomenon and to analyze the profile of notifications of violence carried out in the city of Belém-PA to propose possibilities performance. The study was developed from two axes: secondary data collected in Notification of diseases Notification System (SINAN-Net), the city of Belém-PA, in the 2009-2013 period, and primary data from the application two structured questionnaires in 174 health professionals from primary care of an administrative district of the same township. Data were analyzed from BioEstat 5.3. program. We identified 6,381 cases of violence against children reported in the period. The most prevalent type of violence was sexual, associated with physical and / or psychological violence, with an annual average of 89.55% for girls, with higher prevalence in the age group 11-14 years (39.97%). For boys sexual violence was also the most prevalent type (74.48%), followed by physical violence, but more often in the age group 6-10 years (42.46%). The violence was mainly practiced by individuals identified as friends or acquaintances, followed by stepfather. The study, conducted with health professionals, showed that about 30% reported never having seen a child or teenager and victim of some type of violence in their routine work, especially for community health agents. Negligence was perceived by 60.74% of the professionals, but only 19.05% of those reported have it notified. Moreover, sexual abuse was less above (24.14%), but exhibited higher reporting rate (50.0%). Physical violence was reported by only 39.47% of the professionals identified and psychological violence, by 34.88%. Among the top-level technicians 50.0% said they did not know the notification form and 86.11% never used. In addition, 25.82% reported having experienced some form of violence in childhood and / or adolescence. The data demonstrate the urgency of public policies aimed at families and the community to the cycles of violence against children and adolescents are stopped and other community living opportunities can be encouraged. Allied to this, a permanent education policy geared to health professionals is essential, so that the regulations can be effected in the daily practice of these professionals, ensuring full protection to children and adolescents from intra and inter-sectoral actions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O processo de descoberta e revelação do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-28) BAÍA, Pedro Augusto Dias; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
This dissertation aimed to characterize the patterns of disclosure and discovery of sexual abuse in different national contexts and evaluate the maternal support of children and adolescents victims. The dissertation was divided into two empirical papers, one quantitative and the another qualitative. The first article discusses the characterization of patterns of disclosure/discovery by analyzing records of sexual abuse from two brazilian states, investigating the association between these patterns and individual and relational factors. The second article presents the characterization of maternal support, based on data from semistructured interviews implemented with five mothers of children and adolescents victims of sexual abuse in a city of Pará-Brazil.

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