Dissertações em Física (Mestrado) - PPGF/ICEN

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2340

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2003 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física (PPGF) do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais (ICEN) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 18 de 18

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Análise da potencialidade a condução do BDT através da densidade eletrônica de estados via tight binding e desenvolvimento de software (B3J)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) GUIMARÃES, Jeconias Rocha; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
In this work we studied the potentiality of the polymer BDT (1,3-benzodithiole 4Hciclopenta[2,1-b:3,4b’]) to become a conducting polymer. Ground state conformations and the electronic structure have been calculated through quantum chemical methods in order to obtain the density of electronic states. The presence of several types of conformational defects and the variation of doping level has been considered. One of the most used theories to study the doping effects on conjugated polymers is the Huckel method. It is based on the separability of the sigma and pi bonds of planar molecules. BDT oligomers are not planar molecules and an extended Huckel method that includes all the atomic valence functions has been used. An original computation code, the B3J program, has been developed for this purpose. Simulations of the absorption spectrum in the UV-visible-near IR region have seen performed as well. Program B3J calculates the density of states of polymeric systems. The band structure of BDT was obtained with this software. We calculated the density of states of the neutral system and doped systems including several doping levels and both random and uniform distribution of defects. The square of the coefficients expansion of the wave function was obtained for polymers including up to 20 monomers. For these calculations we used geometries calculated by AM1 and PM3 quantum chemical methods. Finally, we studied the asymmetry of the charge separation induced by the presence of an external static electrical field in BDT oligomers suitably substituted by electron acceptor/donor species. The results are consistent with a transistor-like behavior of neutral and charged molecules.
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Criação de fótons no efeito Casimir dinâmico em cavidade oscilante com condições de Neumann e Dirichlet
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03) GRANHEN, Edney Ramos; ALVES, Danilo Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642002445572793
We consider a massless scalar field in a two-dimensional space-time inside an oscillating cavity with mixed boundary conditions. In order to discuss particle creation phenomenum, we consider the situation of parametric resonance in which the oscillating frequency is twice the frequency of the first mode of the static cavity. For convenience, we suppose that one of the boundaries is at rest and imposes Neumann condition to the field, whereas the other is in non-relativistic motion and imposes a Dirichlet condition on the field. Following the procedure developed by Dodonov and Klimov (Phys. Rev. A, 56, 2664 (1996)), we compute the number of created particles, the generation rate and the energy in the cavity. We compare our results with those found in the literature for the Dirichlet-Dirichlet case.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Densidade de energia e força de radiação sobre fronteiras em movimento num espaço-tempo bidimensional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03) REGO, Andreson Luis Carvalho; ALVES, Danilo Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642002445572793
In the present work, we investigate the energy density and the quantum radiation reaction force on one moving boundary which imposes on a massless scalar field a Dirichlet or a Neumann boundary condition. Though we assume a particular motion for the boundary, introduced by Walker and Davies many years ago (J. Phys. A, 15 L477, 1982), we consider new possibilities for the initial field state, namely, thermal state and coherent state. We also investigate the problem of a cavity with one of the boundaries in the particular motion proposed by Walker and Davies, taking into account the vacuum, thermal and coherent initial field states. Finnaly we investigate the case of a non-static boundary which imposes the Robin boundary condition to the field.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Densidade de energia e força de radiação sobre fronteiras em movimento para estados arbitrários do campo: aplicação ao estado coerente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-29) LIMA, Mateus Gomes; ALVES, Danilo Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642002445572793
In this work we consider a real massless scalar field in a two-dimensional spacetime, satisfying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition at the instantaneous position of a moving boundary. For a relativistic law of motion, we show that Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions yield the same radiation force on a moving mirror when the initial field state is invariant under time translations. We obtain the exact formulas for the energy density of the field and the radiation force on the boundary for vacuum, coherent and squeezed state. In the nonrelativistic limit, our results coincide with those found in the literature. We also investigate the field inside an oscillating cavity. Considering Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, we write the exact formula for the energy density inside a non-static cavity for an arbitrary initial field state. Taking as basis the Moore equation, we calculate recursively the energy density and investigate its time evolution for the coherent state.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito Casimir em teorias de Chern-Simons
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) RODRIGUES, Penn Lee Menezes; PEREZ, Silvana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3585326481456738
In this work we study the Casimir force for Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) theories in (2+1) dimensions. In particular for the bidimensional case, we consider di erent boundary conditions and present new results concerning the in uence of the temperature in the phenomenon. We also analyse the Temperature Inversion Symmetry, considering both the massless and massive cases. We start by studying general aspects from Matsubara formalism with the goal of introduce thermal e ects in the theory; we also analyse general aspects of (2+1)-dimensional MCS theory. Then, we review the Casimir force for the in nite magnetically permeable lines at both zero and nite temperature, as well as the mixed lines at zero temperature, for which we take one line in nite magnetically permeable and the other perfect conducting. We next present new results concerning the Thermal Casimir force for the case of mixed lines. Finally, we analyse the Temperature Inversion Symmetry associated with the Helmholtz free energy, showing that even for the mixed lines boundary conditions it is still possible to de ne a residual symmetry, the result being analogous to previous results for the eletrodynamics in (3+1) dimensions.
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Efeitos de temperatura e potencial químico em Teoria Quântica de Campos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03) MACIEL, Soraya Galdino; PEREZ, Silvana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3585326481456738
In this work we study the e ects of a nonzero chemical potential in (1 + 1) dimensions quantum eld models at nite temperature. We particularly consider massless fermions in an abelian gauge eld background and calculate the e ective action by evaluating the n-point functions. We nd that the structure of the amplitudes corresponds to a generalization of the structure noted earlier in a calculation found in the literature without a chemical potential (the associated integrals carry the dependence on the chemical potential). Our calculation shows that the chiral anomaly is una ected by the presence of a chemical potential at nite temperature. However, unlike in the absence of a chemical potential, odd point functions do not vanish. In fact, we nd that all the even point functions are even functions of while the odd point functions are odd functions of . We show that the origin of the structure of the amplitudes is best seen from a formulation of the theory in terms of left and right handed spinors. The calculations are also much simpler in this formulation and it clari es many other aspects of the theory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de propriedades estruturais e de piezeletricidade nos cristais de ADP e KDP puros e dopados com íons Ni2+ e Mn3+ com DMRX utilizando radiação síncrotron
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-31) GOMES, Eduardo José de Lima; REMÉDIOS, Cláudio Márcio Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7146076994037490
The X-ray multiple diffraction using synchrotron radiation has been applied to study transition metal cátions Mn 3+ and Ni 2+ incorporated into Ammonium Diydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Crystal lattice and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The results shows that regarding peak positions and number of peaks all the profilets look almost identical. This fact alone tells us that the unit cell parameters and the crystal symmetry are practically the same regardless of the incorporation of Mn 3+ and Ni 2+ cations. Accurate calculation of the unit-cell parameters revels that the lattices lattices parameters a = b increase and lattices parameters c decrease following Ni 2+ and Mn 3+ incorporation. In the measurements for the two wavelengths ADP:Mn crystal exhibit asymmetric peak profiles and no extra peak appears in the whole Mn 3+ doped RS. On the other hand, in the ADP:Ni measurements one can clearly observe: (i) suppression of the intensity profile asymmetry in secondary peaks for the Ni 2+ doped RS (below l Ni 2+ Kedge) and also, (ii) marked asymmetry inversion (above l Ni 2+ Kedge), for example the peak (5-12) / (-112) which represents a four beam case. These results indicate that synchrotron radiation RS is a high resolution probe to be used in the impurity incorporation in the ADP lattice. Moreover we have investigated ADP:Mn, KDP:Mn and KDP:Ni crystals using X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The results of the measurements of 440 and 066 reflections allow obtaining the d 36 and d 25 coefficients. We reported on the experimental verification based on X-ray measurements, the d 36 piezoelectric coefficients increased with doping of the Mn and Ni 2+ in the KDP and in ADP crystals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de solvatocromismo em líquidos moleculares orgânicos via método seqüencial Monte Carlo/Mecânica Quântica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03) MARTINS, Hardiney dos Santos; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
The Sequential Monte Carlo / Quantum Mechanical method was applied to study the solvatochromic shifts and the dipole moments for organic molecules: Uracil in water, - carotene in oleic acid, ricinoleic acid in methanol and in ethanol and oleic acid in methanol and in ethanol. The optimizations and charges distributions had found by Density Functional Theory through the B3LYP functional and sets basis functions 6-31G(d) to all molecules except water and Uracil, whose was applied the sets basis functions 6-311++G(d,p). In the classical approach, Monte Carlo, was applied the algorithm Metropólis through the DICE program. The sampling of statistically relevant configurations to averaged calculations of the properties was used with auto-correlation function performed to each system. The Radial Distribution Function of the molecular liquids was applied to separate the first shell solvation for each system, which gives the main interaction between solute-solvent. The statistically relevant configurations of the first shell of solvation of the each system were subject a quantum mechanical calculations at the semi-empiric level with the method ZINDO/S-CI. The absorptions spectrum had found to solutes in gas phase and to the systems of molecular liquids spoken. The electric dipole moments of these were also found. All the bands of spectrum absorptions had a blue shift, except the second band of the -carotene in oleic acid that was a red shift. The results found have a very good agreement with the values found in the literature. All the system had increase in the electric dipole moments because the solvents molecules are polar molecules. The system of fatty acids in alcohols had results very similar, in other words, the fatty acids mentioned had characteristics spectroscopic similar submitted to same solvents. The simulations whose with Sequential Monte Carlo / Quantum Mechanical method were studied show the methodology is effective to find the spectroscopic proprieties of molecular liquids analyzed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação da dinâmica sequêncial Monte Carlo/Mecânica Quântica para sitemas moleculares orgânicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03) GESTER, Rodrigo do Monte; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
The main objective of this work is to investigate theoretically the electronic and optical properties of organic compounds on liquid enviroment. The understanding of interactions on liquid systems is very important for the description of phenomena in many parts of the Science, like Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Materials. Also as in the development of optical materials. The thermal fluctuations make that lots of configurations can be generated. This is the reason of the statistical behavior realized in liquid systems. Considering these difficulties, to describe liquid systems, the sequential Monte Carlo / quantum mechanics (S-MC/QM) treatment is used in this work. On this procedure, first the liquid structure is generated by MC simulation and later, only the most important part of the system is treated as quantum mechanics.Using the above procedure, the quantum properties of the Methyl Orange (MO) and O 2,3-dimethyl thiene[3,4-b]pirazine (DTP) were investigated. MO is a well known pH indicator and can be found under basic and acidic conditions. Its minimal energy geometries were obtained by Density Functional Theory by the B3LYP functional, being the system described by Pople basis with one polarization function (6-31G*). To obtain the average properties of the quantum observables of these systems quantum chemistry calculations were performed within semi-empirical INDO/S-CI approach. About the absorption spectra of the MO, the experimental data presented in scientific literature reports a broad band placed on the lowest energies, more precisely between 400 and 600 nm. Our theoretical results for the alcaline form show an intense π → π* transition at about 432.4±0.03 nm and under acidic conditions, considering the MO acidic form, this transition appears at about 507.4±0.12, 496.4±0.28 or 545.3±0.10 nm, showing good agreement with experimental results. The DTP is a particular system used in the production of low band gap polimers. Its electrical and optical properties were obtained by the novel Average Solvent Electrostatic Configuration (ASEC) methodology. The ASEC procedure include a solvent molecules point charges and permits obtaining quantum mechanical quantities performing only few quantum calculations. For DTP, using the Mφller- Plesset second order perturbation thoery (MP2) and the aug-cc-pVDZ, the electric dipole moment 1.16 D was reached performing only four quantum calculations on representative configurations, presenting an increase of 42% when compared to the isolated dipole. The polarizability also was apparised considering the same level of dipole calculation, the average value 132.7 a30 was observed. The lowest energy region of the absorption spectra was also investigated by ASEC procedure and using both, semi-empirical and DFT quantum approaches. This absorption region is the reason of contraditory conclusions about of the n → π* and π → π* transitions. Our results show these excitations are observed and they can overlap themselves. As example, our DFT results using the B3LYP functional show that these transitions are placed at about 360.63 and 351.15 nm, respectively, being in good agreement with experimental predictions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação da transição isolante-metal do CDM via algoritmos computacionais e estudo de nano-dispositivos orgânicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) AMAZONAS, Járlesson Gama; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
We present in this work a theoretical study on conjugated organic polymers. These systems, in general semiconductors or insulators, when doped, show an increase in electrical conductivity. Under action of electric field, small oligomers can present a similar behavior to of usual devices, but with innumerable advantages as, for example, size extremely reduced (some nanometers). In the first chapter we will make a brief introduction on organic polymers conjugated showing some experimental results for 4-dicianometileno-4,4-ciclopenta polymer [2,1-b: 3,4b'] ditiofeno - CDM, that is the central object of study. Chapter 2 deals with the used quantum methods. We will cite the Hartre-Fock (HF) approximation and its semiempirical derivations. The Configuration Interaction (CI) method and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) also will be treated in this chapter. Chapter 3 is dedicated to describe the characteristics of some usual devices as diodes and transistors. We will still cite some extremely small electronic devices. Chapter 4 describes our results and quarrels about the possibility the of the transistion insulator-metal in CDM when doped. We got the characterization optics of oligomers of CDM with null charge and in the presence of defects of the type bipolaron. From the Hartree-Fock level we calculate the Structure of Bands and the Density of States (DOS) for the PCDM in the neutral and doped state. The calculation of the DOS and the Dispersion had been carried through computational programs developed here in the Group GFMA. We still present in this chapter the theoretical absorption spectra for oligomers of CDM with geometry fully optimized by DFT. In chapter 5 we have the relative results to the analysis of nanodevice based on tetramers of CDM with and without charge. The curves of the charge displacement versus voltage present characteristics of curves of usual devices. We also analyze the theoretical absorption spectra of the nanodevice for values of null tension and in points of current saturation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação das características I x V e C x V de NCPS puro, com nitrogênio substitucional carregado (-1 e +1) e com grupos doador (NO2)-aceitador (NH2) através de métodos derivados de hartree-fock
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-15) SILVA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto Brito da; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
In this work, we relate an investigation on the theoretical study of the I x V and C x V characteristics os SWCN pure, with substitutional Nitrogen charged with charge -1 (n-type material) and +1 (p-type material) and in the presence of donor (NO2)-aceptor (NH2) grups, through of the computational simulation of the SWCN ground states as well as your electronic structure and optics properties utilizing quantum chemical approaches: AM1 (Austin Model 1) and ZINDO/S-CIS (Zerner’s Intermediate Neglect of Differential Orbital/Spectroscopic – Configuration Interaction Simple) semi-empirical parametrization, Hartree-Fock based theory. By mean of this theoretical model, we analyse the electrons and optics properties, of more interest for that materials, the end understand the best shape of interation of this materials in the fabrication of electronic devices such as FETs (Field-Effect Transistors) or in optoelectronic applications such as LEDs (Light-Emitting Devices). We observate that SWCN with substitutional Nitrogen presents conformational defects of the polaron type. We made the curves of the UV-visivel Absorpion Spectra for armchair and zigzag SWCN pure, with substitutional Nitrogen charged with charge -1 (n-type material) and +1 (p-type material) and in the presence of donor (NO2)-aceptor (NH2) grups, when they are perturbed by different intensity of electric field. We examine in zigzag SWCN when it has na increase in the intensity of the electric field, yours curves suffer large perturbations. We get the curves p x E, I x V and C x V for this SWCN, we conclude that armchair armchair possess resistor behavior, therefore yours curves are linears and zigzag possess similar behavior at the importants electronic devices for the tecnologics advance. Our results are good agreement with the experimentals and theoretical results of the SWCN pure and with Nitrogen found in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Medidas de não-linearidades utilizando a técnica de varredura-Z aplicada a mistura ácido oleico e beta-caroteno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA, Kleber José Rosario da; MOREIRA, Sanclayton Geraldo Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7312223977002681
We use the Z-scan technique to determine the nonlinear optical parameter (nonlinear refraction index) from oleic acid and beta-carotene diluted in oleic acid. The concentrations of the studied mixture were as the following: 0, 5.6, 11.3, 22.5, 30, 45 and 60 μg/ml. The nonlinear refraction index were evaluated considering the experimental data and Sheik-Bahae theory. The pure oleic acid and the solution of oleic acid with beta-carotene (60 μg/ml) presented nonlinear absorption and its coefficient were calculated. We obtain too nonlinear refraction index for some Amazon vegetable oils.
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Métodos teóricos na investigação da estrutura eletrônica do resveratrol e derivados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-09) COSTA, Sheila Cristina dos Santos; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
In this work we report na ab initio, density functional and a semiempirical investigation of the ground and vertical excited states and of the spectroscopic properties of resveratrol, a phytoalexin with known antioxidative properties, and of structurally related derivatives as piceatannol, paravinylphenylphenol and resveratrol-dihydroxyl_N (N=1,2 and 3). The results of the simulation of bond length resulting from the photoexcitation and of the corresponding theoretical spectra gives us new insight of how chemical modifications of these molecules could affect the possible physiological properties of resveratrol. Also we report new molecules (piceatannol and resveratrol-dihydroxyl_3) as antioxidative properties by the analysis of molecular parameters and electronic properties.
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Propriedades magnéticas de nanoestruturas de metais de transição 3d em superfícies de Pd
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) RODRIGUES, Débora Carvalho de Melo; KLAUTAU, Ângela Burlamaqui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4323567432559309
Motivated by experimental studies of 3d transitional metal monolayers on Pd surfaces, we studied the complex magnetism of nanostructures, intermixed or adsorbed, on metallic surfaces, via ab initio calculations. We used the RS-LMTO-ASA method (Real Space - Linear Muffin-Tin Orbitals - Atomic Sphere Approximation), which is based on the Density Functional Theory and has been implemented to calculate non-collinear magnetic structures. With this purpose, we investigated intermixed metallic (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) nanostructures and alloys (2 x 2) in Pd (110) surface and also adsorbed nanostructures on Pd (111). For intermixed nanostructures in Pd (110), we analyzed the behavior of the spin and orbital magnetic moments as function of the number of first neighbors and the valence number of the 3d metals. We verified a collinear magnetism for most of the cases, except for the Cr and Mn geometrically frustrated structures, which present noncollinear magnetic configurations. For Cr nanowires adsorbed on Pd (111), we obtained a collinear antiferromagnetic configuration for chains with up to 9 atoms. For the nanowire with 10 atoms of Cr, the magnetic ordering is antiferromagnetic canted. For two dimensional Cr nanostructures adsorbed on Pd (111), we obtained complex noncollinear magnetic structures, with different chiralities.
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Propriedades ópticas e térmicas da oleína de palma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) NUNES, Edson Carlos de Barros; ALCANTARA JUNIOR, Petrus Agrippino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8771105422068014
We used an experimental methodology to investigate optical and thermal properties of palm olein (PO), the liquid fraction of the palm oil (Elaies guineensis) obtained by natural fractionation with physical properties very different of the oil. In a first approach, we study both the absorption and emission spectra monitoring the modifications in the spectral curves caused by the increase of the concentration of β-carotene diluted into PO. This procedure allowed to find the molar absorption coefficient of the β-carotene (ε = 920,802 L.mol-1.cm-1). This value is very small compared with β-carotene diluted in pure solvent like benzene or n-hexane. Measurements of the absorption spectra of β-carotene in pure hexane allow us to measure ε = 117.900 L.mol-1.cm-1, only 18% below of that reported in the literature. In a second approach, the absorption spectra were used to measure the absorption coefficient of the PO, A = 0,028 cm-1 at 532 nm, the wavelength of a laser used as excitation source to investigate thermal properties of the PO by thermal lens spectroscopy. In this sense, was measured too the thermal coefficient of the refractive index of the PO, dn/dt = -3,821 x 10-4°C-1, using an Abbé’s refractometer coupled to a thermal bath with controlled temperature. These results associated with the aberrant model for thermal lens spectroscopy studies, allowed to measure the thermal diffusion coefficient, D = 2,19 ± 0,11 x 10-4 cm2/s, and the thermal conductivity, k = 5,96 ± 0,08 W/m°C, from the palm olein. Although the thermal properties measured for the PO not been knowledge in the literature yet, one observes that they has the same order of magnitude of the similar thermal properties measured in other vegetable oils reported in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quantização canônica do campo de Proca no espaço-tempo de Rindler e interação de uma fonte uniformemente acelerada com o banho térmico de Unruh
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) CORRÊA, Emerson Benedito Sousa; CASTIÑEIRAS RODRÍGUEZ, Jorge; CRISPINO, Luís Carlos Bassalo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4033994493756291; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5047254977931140
We perform the canonical quantization of the massive vector field, first with respect to inertial observers and then with respect to accelerated observers. We investigate how the uniformly accelerated source in Minkowski inertial vacuum interacts with the massive vector field through the computation of its total response rate. This response rate is computed with respect to two different frames, one inertial and the other co-accelerated with that source. According with the Unruh effect, in the accelerated frame, the inertial vacuum corresponds to a thermal bath of particles. Taking into account this effect, we show explicitly that theses response rates are identicals. This result can be used to describe the interaction of static electrons with the Z 0 particles present in the Hawking radiation, provided the electrons are very close to the black hole event horizon.
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Quebra dinâmica da simetria quiral na pseudo eletrodinâmica quântica em (2 + 1) dimensões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) ELIAS, Walace de Sousa; ALVES, Van Sérgio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5346258049047843
In the present work, we study the chiral symmetry breaking in pseudo quantum electrodynamics in (2+1) dimensions using the Schwinger-Dyson equation formalism and investigate the similarities of this model with the criticality in both QED3 and QED4. Using the rainbow-quenched approximation we show that there is a critical coupling αcc = π/16 above which there is a mass generation for fermions and hence the chiral symmetry breaking occurs. We also study the N massless fermions flavors version using the 1/N expansion in rainbow-unquenched approximation and we obtain a critical value for the number of active fermions below which there is chiral symmetry breaking. We show that at strong gauge coupling constant (g -- ∞) this critical number is the same as in QED3 in large N expansion.
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Seção de choque de absorção de buracos negros de Schwarzschild e de buracos acústicos canônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-02-22) OLIVEIRA, Ednilton Santos de; CRISPINO, Luís Carlos Bassalo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4033994493756291
In this dissertation we compute the absorption cross section of Schwarzschild black holes for the massless scalar and electromagnetic fields. We also compute the absorption cross section of canonical acoustic holes for sound waves. We use a numerical method to obtain the results in arbitrary frequencies. We also obtain analytic expressions for the low- and high-frequency absorption cross sections. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the low- and high-frequency absorption cross section values obtained analytically. In the zero-frequency limit the absorption cross section tends to the event horizon area value for both the massless scalar field in Schwarzschild spacetime and the canonical acoustic hole cases. However, as the frequency increases, these two results become very different. This shows that, although the spacetime geometry does not influence the absorption cross section in the zero-frequency limit, it is important for arbitrary frequencies. We also see that massless scalar and electromagnetic absorption cross section values for the Schwarzschild black hole coincide for high enough frequencies and angular momenta. The spin of the scattered particle, in this case, although being very important for low frequencies, becomes less relevant to the absorption cross section value as the frequency and the angular momentum of the incident particle increase.

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