Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2337

O Mestrado em Ciência Animal teve início em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise bioeconômica da produção de novilhos precoces de diferentes grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento, em Paragominas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-29) MAIA, Janaina Teles da Silva; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a system of early termination of steers, in feedlot from, zootechnical and economic indicators, as well as compare the performance of different genetic groups (crosses with zebu and taurine). The study was conducted on private property in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará, which were used in the experiment the animals own production system, randomly selected from three genetic groups: Nellore, ½Angus ½Nellore e ½Charolais ½Nellore, but with date of birth and approximate weight, ie, the same contemporary group. The experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 with animals from birth, 2010 (67 animals) and 2011 (63 animals), respectively, all with an average age of 21 months at the beginning of feedlot season. To evaluate the production performance animals were weighed every 28 days, following a solids fasting period of 16h. Each week samples of concentrated feed, silage, and total diet (silage + concentrate) for analysis bromatological were collected. Economic data were collected on the property, and tabulated and analyzed in MS Excel. The results showed especially the animals crossing ½Charolais ½Nellore as the medium of performance indicators, statistically not differing in some aspects from the crossing ½Angus ½Nellore junction, but always with higher values. As for economic data showed positive indicators feedlot for two years of the experiment, with profitability and average return of 8.5% and 9%, respectively, highlighting the genetic group ½Charolais ½Nellore, as the most profitable, due to higher carcass yield.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos da reprodução de espécies de ciclídeos de importância econômica em áreas de várzea do médio solimões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-13) SILVA, Tania Cristiane Gonçalves da; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
The Cichlidae family plays an important economic role in the Brazilian Amazon, since many of its species are valued as food and also as ornamental fish. The family presents one of the largest parental behaviors among the teleosts, and one of the more diverse among all vertebrates. Amazon fish show a great diversity of reproductive strategies and tactics and ensure the survival of the greatest possible number of offspring, and represent the result of long processes of natural selection and adaptation to seasonal fluctuations of environmental variables. However, many reproductive aspects of this family are still unknown or understudied in the Amazon. This work aimed to study the reproductive ecology of seven species of the family Cichlidae: Aequidens tetramerus, Astronotus ocelatus, Acarichthys heckelli, Acaronia nassa, Hypsellecara temporalis, Mesonauta insignis and Pterophyllum scalare. The study was conducted with specimens collected at Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), in the várzea ecosystem, made up of white water flooded environments, and influenced by annual flood pulses. The reserve is a protected area near Tefé, at Amazonas State, Brazil. For each species were evaluated the lengthweight relationship, condition factor, sex ratio, type and spawning period (seasonality), variations of the gonadosomatic relationship, fecundity and size at first sexual maturity (L50). For that, were used 209 specimens of A. tetramerus, 168 of A. ocellatus, 170 of A. heckelli, 178 of A. nassa, 109 of H. temporalis, 380 of M. insignis and 264 of P. scalare. All species showed an isometric growth, with exception of males of A. ocellatus which showed a negative allometric growth. The species bred throughout the year, with spawning activity peaks detected during the rising of the water level, and some additional activity during the flooding period. These were corroborated by RGS and condition factor indices. The overall sex ratio of the species was balanced, 1:1. Except for the species A. nassa, that showed a predominance of males of 0.5:1. All species showed a low fecundity, between 700 and 1500 mature oocytes. The species A. tetramerus, A. ocellatus and H. temporalis showed a partial spawning strategy, and A. nassa, P. scalare and M. insignis showed a total spawning strategy. The asymptotic length (L ∞) and the average length at first sexual maturity (L50) for females showed that all species have an early sexual maturation. The cichlids studied here presented two tactics groups of the main reproductive strategies, K and r. For the management of these species, it should be considered that these are low productivity fish species, and their reproductive seasonal peak and minimum size of capture, based on their L50, should be used to limit the catch.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de diferentes diluentes na criopreservação de sêmen ovino (Ovis aries)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-31) GUIMARÃES, Adrianne Araújo; VALE, William Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7486151987920142
During cryopreservation are numerous changes experienced by the sperm cells, which leads to the decrease in motility and loss of viability after thawing. For this reason, there arises the need to refine the process technology of semen, especially regarding the use of diluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of spermatozoa undergoing the process of cryopreservation and dilution, using three extenders (TES, TRIS and PBS) and three years of stability (4h, 8h and 12h), and the study was divided into nine groups: TES-4h-8h TES, TES- 12h, TRIS-4h-8h TRIS, TRIS-12h-4h PBS, PBS and PBS-8h-12h. After collection, semen was evaluated macro and microscopically, and pre-diluted solutions in TES, TRIS and PBS, but without the addition of cryoprotectants (Solution A), where they remained for 1 hour. Subsequently, semen was diluted with solutions TES, TRIS and PBS, already containing the cryoprotectants, again assessed to be so packed, and subjected to different periods of equilibrium, and then frozen. After thawing, motility was assessed and vigor, and after the TTR, motility, vigor and detachment of the acrosome. On cryopreservation with TRIS, motility and vigor were statistically similar (p> 0.05) in semen frozen with a balance of 4h (17.2% and 1.6), 8h (22.4% and 2.1) and 12h (14.8% and 1.6) (p> 0.05). After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) in motility and vigor in 4h (10.4% and 1.1) and 12h (10.0% and 1.2) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (15.6% and 1.6) (p <0.05). There was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in the rate of detachment of the acrosome between 4h (35.1) and 12 (37.6) equilibrium, with a reduction in these indices at 8 am (30.4) (p <0 , 2005). On cryopreservation with ERT, the motility of frozen semen with a balance of 4h (24.8%) and 12h (27.6%) were statistically similar (p> 0.05), although the time of 8h (40.4% ) differed significantly from the others. The force was statistically similar (p> 0.05) for thawed-balanced 4h (2.0), 8h (2.6) and 12h (2.3), not statistically different (p> 0.05) . After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) for sperm motility in 4h (18.8%) and 12h (17.4%) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (29.6%) (p <0.05). In relation to the force and the detachment of the acrosome was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) 4h (2.0 and 35.8), 8h (2.1 and 33.4) and 12h (1.8 and 42 , 2) equilibrium. On cryopreservation with PBS, showed no motility and vigor after thawing. These results indicate that solvent-based TES and the equilibrium time of 8h were more suitable for dilution and freezing of ram semen.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do sistema digestório de juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) alimentados com rações formuladas utilizando ingredientes regionais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-02) SIZO, Fabricia de Jesus Paiva da Fosenca; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive system of juvenile tambaqui fed with an experimental diet containing 28% crude protein and 3000 Kcal/kg, with an inclusion of 20% of the following ingredients: palm kernel cake, tucuma pie and coconut bran. We used 300 juveniles tambaqui (16.0± 1.5 g), distributed in 12 recirculating tanks (250L) with continuous filtration and aeration of water. The experiment design was randomized and conducted with three replicates of four treatments identified as basal diet- T1, palm kernel-T2, tucumã- T3 and coconut-T4. After feeding for 60 days portions of the mid intestine and live were fixed in bouin and processed for optic microscopy. Morphometric of intestinal villi showed that diets, T1 and T4 interfered in the epithelial microvilli height. Hepatocytes showed differences between the diets T3, T2 and T1. Hepatic changes were significant in the tucumã diet. Leading to the conclusion that a diet based on palm kernel is the most suitable to feed juveniles tambaqui.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos parâmetros abióticos e caracterização da comunidade planctônica em um viveiro de cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) no município de Curuçá - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-11-09) SILVA, Rayette Souza da; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736
This work aimed at to evaluate during a cycle of cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei with biweekly periodicity from 20/09/08 to 05/12/08 the community planktonic and the abiotic parameters in two stations inside of a pond in the municipal district of Curuça, State of Pará. They were measured transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature, being the last four registered in the surface and close to the bottom and accomplished collections for the study of the microfitoplankton, zooplankton and chlorophyll “a”. The temperature varied from 31,5ºC to 35ºC. The dissolved oxygen varied from 4,2 mg/l to 15,5 mg/l. The pH stayed lightly alkaline, between 8,1 and 9,4. To smallest salinity it was 26,9 and the largest, 30 ppm. The transparency decreased of 55 cm to 17 cm. Chlorophyll a had a minimum of 2,33mg/m3 and a maximum of 471,34 mg/m3. They were identified 95 taxa and Bacillariophyta was the most important group, being Navicula, Pleurosigma and Nitzschia the main ones responsible for her dominance. The largest density registered for the microfitoplankton was of 104.400 org/l in the beginning of the cultivation (20/09) and to smallest it was 3.600 org/l in the last collection (05/12). The diversity average for the fitoplakcton in the Station 01 was 1,49 bits/ind and in the Station 02, 1,43 bits/ind. They were identified 34 taxa zooplanktonic, being Copepoda the most important group and Acartia lilljeborgi, Euterpina acutifrons, Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzzi and Parvocalanus crassirostris the main ones responsible for her dominance. The largest density registered for the zooplâncton was of 162.000 org/m3 in the beginning of the cultivation (20/09) and to smallest it was 375 org/m3 in day 05/11. The diversity was also low tends averages of 1,34 bits/ind and 1,10 bits/ind in the stations 01 and 02, respectively. Enter the main conclusions: the microfitoplanktonic community was dominated by the diatom, being the main ones responsible for her dominance: Pleurosigma, Nitzschia and Navicula and the division Bacillariophyta was the most important group so much in wealth terms as of density; the class dinophyceae revealed to be better adapted in clearer waters; the copepods were dominant, being Acartia lilljeborgi, Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzzi, Parvocalanus crassirostris and Euterpina acutifrons the species that more they contributed to this dominance; Chlorophyll “a” answered to the largest ration contributions during the cultivation, increasing with the time; the physio-chemical variables that suffered influence of the cultivation, varying significantly along the time was: pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency and the investigated pond was considered homogeneous evaluating her depth and area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação reprodutiva de touros bubalinos alimentados com subprodutos da agroindústria na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-19) SANTOS, Alessandra Ximenes; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224
The byproducts coconut meal (FC) and palm kernel cake (TAD) available in agribusiness in Eastern Amazonia can be used as alternative foods in the substitution of conventional concentrates. However, little information about their chemical composition and their relationship with productive and reproductive performance of the animals is available. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feeds prepared with coconut meal and palm kernel cake over the semen quality of buffaloes. Also, the individual daily feed intake in the experimental diets and your relationship with the testosterone levels, scrotal circumference and semen quality were analyzed. The experiment was developed in the Animal Research Unit "Senador Álvaro Adolpho", in Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém-PA. Fifteen buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) bulls with age of 3.2 ± 1.8 years and weights of 578.6 ± 101.9 kg were used as semen donors. The animals were separated in three groups: the Control group, the FC-Base group (coconut meal-based) and the TADBase group (palm kernel cake-based). The supplementary feeding was available individually every day, according 1.0% of body weight (BW). Semen collections (n=173) were realized weekly, and they started 112 days after initiation of supplementary feeding, after two spermatogenic cycles. Seminal physical characteristics (aspect, color, volume, concentration, pH, sperm motility and vigor) and morphology (defects and integrity of sperm plasma membrane) were analyzed. The EPA method (1974, 1994, 2009) was used to determine the macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic metals in diets. Data were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by Test t (P<0.05). The average feed intake was 4.778 ± 1.233 kg in the Control, 3.112 ± 0.693 kg in the FC-Base, and 4.558 ± 1,077 kg in the TADBase. The means of weight were 591.4 ± 103.3 kg, 566.4 ± 94.1 kg and 578.3 ± 107.5 kg and the scrotal circumference of 34.6 ± 2.0 cm, 33.0 ± 1.9 cm e 32.7 ± 1.9 cm for Control, FC-Base and TAD-Base, respectively. The spermatic concentration (x106 sptz/mL) was 1326.3 ± 893.8, 1698.1 ± 1023.0 e 1003.2 ± 569.0 for Control, FC-Base and TAD-Base, respectively. In the same order, the integrity of sperm plasma membrane (%) observed was 68.0 ± 19.5, 72.0 ± 22.6 and 82.1 ± 12.2. The progressive sperm motility (0-100%) presented significant difference (P<0.05) in the TAD-Base group (71.7 ± 15.1%), compared to Control (59.3 ± 20.5%) and FC-Base (56.7 ± 24.8%). Correlations were observed between the variables of response. The feed intake and your components, such as crude protein, lipids, macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic metals were higher in the TAD-Base group, exception to K and Ti, higher in the Control and the FC-Base group, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in semen aspect, volume, mass activity, spermatic vigor, pH and sperm pathologies. However, higher sperm concentrations were observed in FC-Base and increased motility and integrity of sperm plasma membrane in the TAD-Base. Thus, it can be concluded that diets based on byproducts of the agribusiness, such as coconut meal and palm kernel cake, can be used for buffalo bulls, however, the better semen quality was observed in diets based on palm kernel cake.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação sorológica e molecular da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bubalinos da Ilha de Marajó naturalmente infectados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) SANTOS, Cássia Maria Pedroso dos; PEREIRA, Washington Luiz Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266281009742277
In order to analyze the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in buffalo Marajó Island by serological and molecular method, blood samples and brain tissue of 100 buffaloes were collected. Blood sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using a 1:64 dilution as the cutoff point for T. gondii, these samples were tested for the presence of antibodies IgG anti-T. gondii. To confirm the presence of T. gondii B1 gene in genomic material of blood and brain tissue samples were subjected to amplification by polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Among the tested sera buffaloes, 14 (14%) were reactive against T. gondii by the IFA technique, while blood samples and brain tissue tested 4- (4%) were amplified DNA by the technique of T. gondii PCR, 3 (3%) in blood samples and 1 (1%) in brain tissue samples. Despite the low occurrence of antibodies anti-T. gondii in serum buffalo, it can be concluded that infection by this parasite is present in buffalo breed in Marajo, moreover, it was possible to detect the genomic material of T. gondii in blood samples and brain tissue these animals, thus there is the need for further research, using the molecular technique for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis since the detection of the bioagent buffaloes becomes even more relevant to the importance of these animals in the epidemiological cycle of toxoplasmosis as possible sources of infection primarily for the human being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características e índices produtivos de muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides) em cativeiro na ilha de Marajó, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) COSTA, Juliane da Silva; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
Historically, chelonians have played an important role as a natural resource as human food in the region, notably Kinosternon scorpioides specie or scorpion mud turtle, locally known as muçuã which has been suffering a gradual imbalance caused by inordinate catch. We aimed to evaluate the indexes of productive characteristics, at different stages of breeding, and the reproductive characteristics of copulation, ovarian activity and hatching of muçuãs in captivity, aiming better activity through an adequate zootechnical handling. The study was done between 2007 and 2015, when we analyzed 84 copulations, 742 ovarian activity and 1,979 births for reproductive evaluations, 1,835 animals in captivity, 921 animals for reproduction, and 3,614, among males and females for reproductive evaluations grown in captivity at Criatório Científico of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Marajó Island -PA. In the reproductive characteristic analyses the results showed that the reproductive period is seasonal, concentrating couplings during the rainy season, when the average coupling activity consisted of 00:23:00 h, with proportion male: female of 2,38 + 1,67. The egg formation process took 122,98 + 45,38 days. The egg laying distribution presented a climax tendency between the end of June and early August. Nidification average duration was 02:57:00 h. The egg viability found was 20%. The correlation results between the biometric, weight, and number of eggs characteristics were positive. The egg biometrical results were 34,5 mm long, and 18 mm wide, with average weight of 7,90 g. The average duration of incubation, in days, was 129.31 + 19.57. Births concentrated between September and December. The correlations of biometric characteristics with the hatchlings weight were positive between the variables (P≤0,0001). For the productive characteristics the weights were obtained for all zootechnical categories where the hatchlings in the nesting area, with approximately 12 months of age, weighed 199.20 + 45,36 g and the adult above 36 months, had an average weight of 503.63 + 73.21 g. The correlations between weight and body measurements were significant As (P≤00001) for all categories. The results of influence of morphometric measurements over weight for all categories were significant (P≤0.0005). For weight and body measurement analyses under the influence of the season of the year we observed that the variables were significant (P≤00005), except for reproduction. For reproduction, weight and body measurements were evaluated considering the influence of sex, when it was observed that females had more than males, but males were longer than females. The characteristics of coupling, incubation period, and hatching permit to delineate a reproductive handling for raisin the specie in captivity under the conditions of Marajó Island. Research directed toward biology, nutrition, and handling of muçuãs must be encouraged to increase production ex situ, providing greater subsidies for the establishment of systems of production that meet commercial demand by promoting conservation and increase of variability of the specie.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características quantitativas e qualitativas do capim-mombaça, submetido a doses crescentes de nitrogênio em clima tropical úmido – classificação AF
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) OLIVEIRA, Joelma Kyone Silva de; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The productive chain of ruminant in northern Brazil has its base sustained by forages being its management and fertilization, grasses perpetuity, extremely important for the high biological value protein final production for human intake. The study aimed to evaluate trades of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça fertilized with increasing doses of nitrogen at Af weather conditions being this condition classified by frequent rainfall along every month of the year, so, showing no seasonality in rain scheme. There were evaluate productive trades, morphogenetic, structural and chemical of Mombaça grass in parcels. Being the experiment outlined in random blocks with six treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 kg of N ha-1 aplication-1), each application performed after each cut and four repetitions, a repetition by block totalizing 24 plots and the cut done at a height of 40 cm, whenever the parcels high achieved 90 cm to be considered the time when the canopy intercepts 95% of incident light. The data were submitted to variance and regression analysis, with significance of 5% taken from the linear and quadratic coefficients of determination. Nitrogen fertilization affected (p<0,05) stretching rates, appearance, number of leaves alive by tillers and dry mass production. The forage quality was also affected by N doses (p<0,05), being the levels of CP positively affected and values of TC negatively. The fiber levels and lignin were not influenced by fertilization (p<0,05) being this result positive from the forage nutritional pint of view, once fiber and lignin high levels do not benefit consumption and cause a digestive limitation. The nitrogen provides better qualitative and quantitative results to Mombaça grass in tropical climate areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de polimorfismos nos genes DGAT1 E GH em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-11) SILVA, Caio Santos; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
The Buffaloes are domestic animals belonging to Bubalus genus, Bovidae family and Artiodactyla order. Provide meat, milk and workforce. Are quite adapted to the climatic conditions of the state of Pará, producing well in those conditions. However, producers still need tested animals for production characteristics. There were used the technique of SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) and SNP markers (single nucleotideo polymorphism), in order to characterize the 83 buffaloes from murrah and Mediterranean breeds. For the DGAT1, occured allelic frequency of 0.741 for the allele A, 0.253 for the allele B and 0.01 for the allele C. The genotypic frequencies were 0.54 for the AA genotype, 0.39 for the AB genotype, 0.06 for the BB genotype and 0.01 for the AC genotype. For the GH gene was found only one genotype. The DGAT1 gene showed considerable genetic variation and detects the presence of SNPs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção na bovinocultura leiteira nas mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The dairy industry is of great importance in the regional economy in terms of employment and income generation , especially for family farming . Know the reality of these systems becomes essential so that they can generate specific grants for further development of the activity. In this context, studies on the different production systems emerge as an important tool. The objective of this study systems of milk production was characterized in the regions of Southeast and Northeast Pará through the use of multivariate analysis techniques . The survey was conducted through questionnaires with 112 properties located in the municipalities of Ulianópolis - PA and PA - Irituia . Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and processed using SPSS 18.0 software . Through frequency analysis revealed that the total area of varied properties 7-1600 ha . The owners were ranked according to the number of cows in the existing properties and the lowest represented by those with less than 10 cows, which corresponded to 5.35 % and higher over 50 ( 23.21 %). Regarding herd productivity observed an overall average of 4.34 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Feeding the flock is based on cultivated pastures , being the most used braquiarão . Only 19.60% of the properties held supplementation with concentrate and roughage with 13.39% . The reproductive management is performed in 86.6 % through natural mating without any control , which results in little specialized animals for dairy production . The management of milking presents itself as the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions , resulting in a poor quality product . Management practices show little expression among producers . With respect to the typology established through factor analysis revealed four factors that explained 66.99 % of the original variables , and the cluster analysis identified 4 groups of producers with similar profiles . The group III corresponded to the group of producers that had the highest adoption of technology such as supplemental feeding , health management , milking and activity management technology, thus having better performance with an average productivity of 5.02 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Groups I and II are characterized by family production systems with low specialization and low productivity and group IV consists of family farmers who presented with an incipient share of agriculture production , having the lowest production and economic returns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e distribuição espaço temporal de ovos e larvas de peixes, nos estuários dos Rios Curuçá e Muriá (Curuçá-Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-01) PALHETA, Glauber David Almeida; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Estuaries are surrounding of Transistion enter and the continent and the ocean, where rivers find the sea, resulting in the measurable dilution of the salty water. This study was carried through in order to determine the composition and distribution of eggs and larval periods of training of fish (ichthyoplankton) of the estuaries of the rivers Curuçá and Muriá, located in the northeast state of Pará (Br). For this semimonthly collections in receding tides diurne and of quadrature from September of 2003 until July of 2004 had been carried through. They had been daily pay established four stations to the long one of the estuary of the two rivers. They had been carried through measured of condutivity, pH, temperature and oxygen dissolved and carried through samples to a meter of depth that had been made with a net with mesh of 500μm and 50 cm of mouth opening, in which was connected a fluxgate Samples had been conserved with formol 4%. They had been registered 1,326 larvae, being that of these, 451 had been showed in the river Muriá and 875 larvae in the Curuçá river. The identified larvae of fish belong to the 11 families (Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Scianidae, Carangidae, Pleuronectidae, Tetraodontidae, Beloniidae, Soleidae, Achiriidae and Scorpaenidae). The biggest densities had been registered in the months of July, January and March. It did not have a space standard of distribution of the larvae with the ambiental variables. The estuary of the city of Curuçá was represented mainly by clupeiformes (family Engraulidae and Clupeidae), that they play important role in the trophic net of this ecosystem as well as excellent paper in the local feeding.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo, digestibilidade, balanço de nitrogênio e composição bromatológica da torta de murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart.), na alimentação de ruminantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-10) MENEZES, Bruno Peres de; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9647377426235964; ANDRADE, Stefano Juliano Tavares de; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
We assessed the pie murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, Mart.), from processing kernels after oil extraction by the cosmetic industry, the effects of the substitution levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 60% in the basic diet of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) on intake and digestibility of dry matter (CDDM), organic matter (CDOM), ether extract (CDEE), crude protein (CDCP), fiber neutral detergent (CDFND), fiber acid detergent (CDFDA), cellulose (CDCEL) and hemicellulose (CDHCEL) and nitrogen balance. Metabolism trial was conducted with 20 castrated sheep, live weight of 24 kg, distributed in five treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design. Adaptation period was 21 days with five days of data collection of diet and refusals, feces and urine. The CMS, CMO, EEC, CCP, FND, CFDA, CHCEL, CLIG showed a quadratic effect as a function of the substitution with pie in the diet. The CDDM, and CDCP CDMO showed no significant effects. The CDEE with optimal replacement level 56,64% and 88,62% maximum digestibility, CDFND with optimal replacement level 42,45% and 68,25% maximum digestibility, CDFDA with optimal replacement level of 31,63% and maximum digestibility of 66,80%, CDCEL with optimal replacement level 27,45% and 72,21% maximum digestibility showed a quadratic effect due to substitution murumuru pie. Nitrogen balance had no significant effect of inclusion in the grass of 0% to 60% of pie. It is concluded that the pie murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var.Murumuru Mart.), Has as its main limitation is the low dietary intake and digestibility, in addition to impossibility of its use as a concentrate exclusively on the diet of sheep showing up as an alternative food for up to 20% replacement in diets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho e características de carcaças de cordeiros suplementados com diferentes níveis de resíduo de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-15) SOARES, Bruno Cabral; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683521652094464; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
Was aimed verify the effect from different levels of supplementation from biodiesel residue originating from dendê. Were utilized 25 male ovines, Mutt, gelded, with middleweight live of 20 kg. The experimental delineation utilized were randomized blocks, with 5 replicates per treatment, for the weight gain data and carcass characteristics. The biometrics data were analyzed in a subdivided parcel scheme. The experimental period was 84 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 70 days to obtain study variables. The feeding was split in 2 meals, at 7h00 and 17h00. Diets were composed 34% hay Panicum maximum cv. Massai and 61% concetrated, from broken corn, soy bran, minerals and 5% of dendê oil or dendê biodiesel residues, on increasing levels (zero, 25,50,75 and 100%), respectively. At the beginning of the trial period and each 14 days were realized morning weighings, before the first meal for performance evaluation, biometric measures and slaughtered on final of the trial period for carcass characteristics evaluation after passing 12h fasting of solids and liquid diet. Significant effects were observed (p<0,05) from inclusion levels of biodiesel residue originating from dendê. The regression equations presented increasing linear effect, for variables: dry matter consumption (DMC), live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), body score (BS), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (TP), chest width (CW), and quadratic for PCQ, PCF,RCB, RB. Dendê biodiesel residues utilization, in replace of dendê oil on lambs food, promotes increasing effect on dry matter consumption and weight gain, improves carcass characteristics and becomes an alternative to increase energetic density of growing ovines diet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico sorológico e caracterização molecular do vírus da hepatite E em suínos no estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-06) SOUZA, Alex Junior Souza de; CARNEIRO, Liliane Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8127606647914773; PEREIRA, Washington Luiz Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266281009742277
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus of genus Hepevirus causative agent of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis in humans that is widely distributed in many regions of the world. Pigs are reported as the main source of infection to humans related to genotypes 3 and 4 virus in non-endemic areas. In this sense, the present study aimed to demonstrate the HEV infection among swine in the Pará State by serological and molecular methods applied to samples of serum, stool and liver of 151 pigs slaughtered in metropolitan area of Belém A serologic investigation included the search for anti-HEV IgM and IgG and molecular diagnostic included the detection of the HEV RNA, nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained. As result we detected no anti- HEV IgM and the prevalence of animal seroreactive for IgG was 8,6% (13/151). Molecular detection of HEV genome amplified positive fragments in 4,8% (22/453) of samples tested and the prevalence of positive animals at least one sample was 9,9% (15/151). Phylogenetic analysis has concluded that all sequences examined belonged to genotype 3 virus, described as zoonotic. We identified the subtypes 3c and 3f occurring both among samples according to the two regions of the genome amplified. These results are the first serological and molecular evidences of the existence of HEV among swine in Northern Brazil and also the first detection and genotyping of HEV in region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica dos sistemas de produção familiares da Ilha de Marajó: o caso do município de Cachoeira do Arari
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) BARBOSA, Tienne Milena Farias; VEIGA, Jonas Bastos da; TOURRAND, Jean-François; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8639491246142272; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6059507906010877
The traditional Amazonian is the Rivers Amazonian. It is a spacial and economic occupation standard very important for regional development. The empirical general space of this research is the Marajó Archipelago, part of the Rivers’ Amazonian. The Amazonian spacial organization has changed in the past years. This change contains a lot of dynamics about the agriculture productive systems and complex economic, social and ambient results. Many realized studies have produced different interpretations about the agriculture activities support in the brazilian and international Amazon. For example, some studies of cattlebreeding to the bovines and buffalo identify that this activity is not been practiced only in the big establishments, like in the past decades. The “pecuarização” process brought it into the little scale creation in familiar economy. This research approaches fundamentally which dynamics have been processed or formed in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari, situated in Marajó Island-PA, specially from 1994 to 2004. The work was carried with peasant families from six communities (Bacuri, Camará, Caracará, Gurupá, Jabuti and Retiro Grande). The principal objective of this work was to characterize the socioeconomic dynamics occurred in the above period. The results of this study can subsidize future researches and public politics that seek the agriculture production support perspectives. It was used a methodology based in three important aspects: the production system diversity study; the photography through a typology of the production system dynamic study; and the movie through the typology evolution analysis. The identified types as results from the making up data were: subsistence, açaizeiro, abacaxizeiro, pecuaçaí, pecuarista and outrarenda. This study verified a great variation of production systems and identified different dynamics in proprieties, as well as the determining facts of viability of production systems and public policies demands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica populacional do camarão cascudo Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) da Ilha de Combú – Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-28) SILVA, Márcia Cristina Nylander; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
Shrimps of genus Macrobrachium, family Palaemonidae, are largely utilized for aquaculture and also are explored by commercial fisheries. Amongst the species of this genus, M. amazonicum is largely consumed, shows valued meat and is largely distributed. Considering the social-economic importance of this resource in the State of Pará, this study has the objective of describing the population dynamics and assesses the stock of barky shrimp M. amazonicum in island of the Combú (Pará). Data was collect from March 2002 to February 2003 (except august) where approximately 500 grams of shrimp were monthly obtained. In laboratory, individuals were measured (total length and length of carapace) and weighted (total weight). For determining the fecundity, after removed the eggs mass, were transferred to a water solution were they were counted under a microscopy. For the determination of the population parameters, it was utilized the Program FISAT (Fish Stock Assessment Tools). Females showed smaller maximum length when compared to males, although their average mensal lengths through all year were superior to those of males. It was registered a significant positive sexual proportion to females in July, September, January and February and for the length classes 2.5-2.9 cm and 6.5 to 9.4 cm. The fecundity showed a positive linear relation with the total length and the number of eggs varied from 40 to 3375 eggs/female. It was registered 3 cohorts for the species which were born in December-January/02, September-October/02 and April-May/03. Considering the different methodologies, growth parameters were similar between them and K for males was superior when compared to females and varied from 0.7 to 1.35 cm/month. For females K varied from 0.66 to 0.91 cm/month. L∞ (for most methodologies) was also superior for males (12.37 to 17.66 cm) when compared to females (12.66 to 14.14 cm). Estimated values of total mortality Z for the capture curve had been bigger in the higher for males (values from 3.15 to 6.13) than for females (values from 3.86 to 6.89) the same occurred for method of Beverton and Holt, males (values between 5.43 to 9.31). The length at first capture (Lc) was superior for females (5.88 cm) than for males (4.25 cm). The EMSY (explotation rate for the maximum sustainable yield) for males and females is below the E (exploitation rate) indicating that M. amazonicum of island of the Combú is over-exploited.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade e abundância de algas epilíticas no setor do médio Rio Xingu-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-31) BASTOS, Alessandra dos Santos Matni; CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5423657235023988
The periphyton is defined as a complex community of microorganisms (fungi, algae, bacteria, animals), which along with organic and inorganic particles is loosely or firmly adhered to a substrate submerged. Epilithic algae (bedrock) are organims found in environments of rivers and rapids, and other ecosystems. This paper aims to list the diversity of epilithic algae, estimate their relative abundance and frequency of occurrence during an annual cycle. In the main channel of the river Xingu was selected environment rapids of Boa Esperança and localities Arroz Cru. The epilíton was removed, properly identified and preserved in Transeau solution and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory. Were listed 132 species belonging to 78 genera. The total richness observed for Boa Esperança and Arroz Cru, in the months studied were 108 and 101 species respectively. Among all classes, Bacillariophyceae expressed greater contribution in both localities in terms of richness and abundance. The epilithic specie more abundant was Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen (Bacillariophyceae), in the locations studied. In november/2006 and january/2007 (flood) occurred at higher densities mean: 133 and 124 ind.cm-2 in the riverine environment Boa Esperança. In the Arroz Cru was 107 and 90 ind.cm-2. The lowest mean density occurred in march/2007 (filled) with 26 ind.cm-2 in the riverine environment and Boa Esperança in august 2006 (flood) with 15 ind.cm-2 in Arroz Cru. The diversity of epilíton varied among seasons. The precipitation, wind, turbidity and nutrients, possibly influence the variations of abundance, richness and density.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da utilização do óleo de dendê na dieta sobre a qualidade do sêmen in natura de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) criados em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-23) SILVA, Geanne Rocha da; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of palm oil on serum lipid levels and sperm quality of buffalo bulls, since research about palm oil seed for reproductive purposes are scarce. The study was conducted at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, and used 12 pre-selected buffalo bulls, with a mean age of 3.47 ± 0.92 years and weight of 456.8 ± 50.4 kg. The bulls were fed and divided into two groups according to diet received. Diets were isoproteic (cracked corn, wheat bran and corn silage; proportion roughage / concentrate 50%) and were offered in collective pens. Animals of CONT Group (n = 5) received a control diet and OIL Group (n = 7) received the same diet with addition of 2% of palm oil on the DM. Analyses were performed using chemical and fatty acid profile of foods. Serum lipid profile, physical and morphological features of raw semen were investigated, including the relations between them. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparison of means by Tukey test and Pearson correlations (P <0.05). Increased lipid consumption was noted related to saturated fat acids (71.23%) and unsaturated fat acids (55.40%) in OIL Group. Significant effects for serum parameters were observed for triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and total lipids, with higher values for the OIL Group, and significant effects over time for cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and total lipids (P <0.05). Regarding to semen parameters, there was a significant reduction in gross motility and integrity of plasmatic membrane, and reduced seminal concentration on the period for the OIL Group. There was significant correlation between the variables: triglycerides and minor defects (r = -0412, P = 0.006), LDL and total defects (r = -0.333, P = 0.030), VLDL and viability (r = 0.381, P = 0.012), total lipids and minor defects (r = -0366, P = 0.017), and total lipids and total defects (r = -0.309, P = 0.046). Although an observed relationship between higher levels of serum lipids and better sperm morphology, and no reduction of fresh semen quality by palm oil addition below the physiological levels, the use of 2% of palm oil in the diet did not improve effectively the parameters related to semen quality and bulls fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da utilização de inoculantes microbianos em silagem de capim elefante com ou sem o uso de melaço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-06) SILVA, Jefferson Salvador Lima Padilha da; SILVA, Almir Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9485881672181545; BERNARDES, Thiago Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9614321233731548