Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2337
O Mestrado em Ciência Animal teve início em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A pesca artesanal da frota de Mosqueiro (Belém - Pará) e o uso do ambiente pela dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii-Castelnau, 1855)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-01) OLIVEIRA, Diogo Marques; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Considering the artisanal landing sites in the Amazon estuary, Mosqueiro Island, located in the south of the Bay of Marajó, is commercially very important and, as in nearby loading terminal (Miramar), the imminence of an environmental disaster is real. However, there is no detailed information on the fishery and the use of commercially important species, as Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the region. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and the use of the region by the Gilded catfish, landings were monitored in Cajueiros Bridge (Mosqueiro) from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, fishing sites and gross revenue. Considering the Gilded catfish, 30 individuals were obtained from commercial fishery in Mosqueiro from December 2005 to August 2006 in a bimensal basis. Individuals were weighted, measured and gonads were collected with the objective of evaluating the use of the region for reproduction. It was registered 128 fishing boats and Barcos de pequeno porte dominated followed by Canoas motorizadas. Technological differences between boats categories were observed, except in relation to boat length, mean monthly production and storage capacity. Barcos de médio porte present a greater crew and fishing days but they carry out less trips by month in relation to the others categories. Gill nets are mostly used in the area, and the mesh most frequently employed are 50, 60 e 70 mm (streched mesh size). Barcos de médio porte have larger nets when compared to others categories. The main species captured in the region are Silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis), Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) and Yellowfin river pellona (Pellona spp.). Fleet from Cajueiros bridge fish mainly in fishing sites near the island during the catch period of the main species (May to December) moving to Marudá region during the offpeak season (January to April) following, mainly, the schools of Gilded catfish. Periods of maximum abundance was the first and the forth trimester for Canoas motorizadas and Barcos de pequeno porte respectively. The fishing sites Ponta Fina and Areia do Cotijuba showed the largest annual relative abundance with the main catch of Gilded catfish and Pacora, respectively. Gilded catfish was regular during the whole period with highest abundance in Ponta Fina and December. Pacora highest abundance was recorded in Marudá (98 kg/trip) and September. Yellowfin river pellona occurred mainly in Enseada and in June. In Mosqueiros Island, fish annual production was estimated in approximately 1.000 tons, leading to a gross revenue of R$ 3 million. Barcos de pequeno porte contributed to 42% of the total production and with 61% of the gross revenue. Silver croaker contributed to 26% of total production and Gilded catfish with 35% of the gross revenue. This species was considered the most valuable fish resource in the area. Sampled individuals measured from 27 to 100 cm total length, and individuals of 50 to 60 cm dominated. Sexual proportion favored females (1:2,2 male:female) which were most numerous for most length classes and months, except February. For this species, the area is not used for breeding but for nursery and feeding purposes. In the situation of an environmental disaster a waste of approximately 1.000 tons and R$ 3 millions for the fishery industry in Mosqueiros Island can be reported. Moreover, an accident in the area could also affect the young population of Gilded catfish causing harmful effects in a long term for catch and economy of the area.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Biologia reprodutiva de peixes cianídeos capturados nas proximidades dos terminais portuários do Pará e Maranhão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SANTOS, Nayara Barbosa; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Smallscale weakfish (Cynoscion microlepidotus), King weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) e Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis) are demersal sciaenids, largely distributed in the Brazilian coast. These species are important fishing resources. This study has the objective of describing aspects of the reproductive biology of these species caught in areas near to the harbors of Itaqui (Maranhão) and Miramar (Pará). For each species, the reproductive stages were macro and microscopically described, the length at first maturity, sexual proportion by month and size, the breeding period and type of spawning was also evaluated. Data were collected in a bimensal basis from December 2005 to October 2006. It was examined 247 individuals of C. microlepidotus, 253 of M. ancylodon and 251 of P. surinamensis. Individuals of C. microlepidotus, M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis measured from 175 to 780 mm, 187 to 399mm and 220 to 590 mm of total length, respectively. The relationship total length (mm) and total weight (g) for females, males e sexes grouped were highly significant for the three species, with negative alometry for C. microlepidotus and positive alometry for M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis. The length of first maturity (L50) for C. microlepidotus, considered grouped sexes was 260.8 mm, 235mm for males and 321mm total of length for females. For M. ancylodon, L50 for grouped sexes was 210.5 mm, 201.6mm for males and 221.8mm for females of total length. For P. surinamensis, L50 for grouped sexes, for males and for females were 279 mm, 305mm and 269mm of total length. Sexual proportion, considering the total number of individuals favored females for M. ancylodon (1male:3female) and favored males for P. surinamensis (2,02male:1female). For C. microlepidotus, male: female proportion was equivalent. Macroscopically, gonads of the three species were classified as Immature (A), Maturing (B), Mature (C) and Spawned/Spent (D), however, when analyzed microscopically, the stage B were sub-divided in initial and final maturing. The macro and microscopical evaluation of gonads indicated a prolonged spawning season, with reported peaks in June- August and December- February, coinciding to the rainfall transition period. The studied species complete their life cycle entirely near the harbors of Itaqui and Miramar, leading these areas to be classified as extremely sensitive especially when referring to possible oil spill.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade e densidade ictiofaunística em lagos de várzea da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) CHAVES, Rose Cristine Queiroz; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225The structure of the fish community in amazonian várzea lakes is determined by the flood pulse and seasonal and daily variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the water. The objective of this work was to characterize the fish community structure of four lakes in different stages of the seasonal cycle. Fish samples were taken bimonthly along one year in four lakes at Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The richness of species and the fish biomass were analyzed, in order to investigate how much the community patterns were regulated by the environmental variables. A total of 6,058 individual fish were collected, representing 6 orders, 21 families, 76 genera and 116 species. The orders Characiformes and Siluriformes presented the largest variety of families and species, reaching together around 90% of the captured specimens. The fish fauna varied between different periods and lakes, and the highest richness and biomass values were found in the water level dropping season, except in Taracoá Lake with greater richness in the flooding season. The species Potamorhina latior, Potamorhina altamazonica, Mylossoma duriventre, Amblydoras hancokii, Amblydoras sp., Liposarcus pardalis, Psectrogaster amazonica and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum showed the highest number of individuals. Oxydoras niger, Colossoma macropomum, Cichla monoculus, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Arapaima gigas and Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum were the dominant species in biomass. The analysis of the physico-chemical parameters indicates that the changes along the year and the flood pulse influence determine the fish community structure, and the set of parameters composed by dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature seemingly explains the fish community pattern. Similarity Analysis indicates that the fish fauna composition in the same time of the flood pulse in consecutive years are much alike. Therefore, it is probable that the fish community composition is re-established every cycle, with the connection of the different water bodies during the flood.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pesca e ictiofauna na área adjacente ao terminal de Vila do Conde - Pará, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-05-08) PAZ, Alexsandra Câmara; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528The city of Barcarena – PA is situated in south Bay of Marajó. This region is an important industrial pole and despite the great importance of the fishery and the imminence of an environmental disaster, there are not reported any studies deeped concerning the fishery and fish assemblage in the area. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and fish assemblage in Barcarena, landings were monitored in the market of Barcarena and Praia do Conde from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, gears and fishing sites. It was registered 74 fishing boats and “barcos de pequeno porte” dominated. It was observed technological differences between the two landing sites, except when considered the length between categories. Fishing boats from the market show a greater crew, fishing days and mean catch by month. Fishing boats from Vila do Conde use mainly long lines whilst those from the market use mainly gill nets. During the year 2006, fishing boats from Vila do Conde operated from Ilha do Capim to “furo do Arrozal”, whilst market boats operated from Cutaju to Cotijuba. Fleet followed the catch period of the main species, dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), South American silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and yellowfin river pellona (Pellona flavipinnis) and Amazon pellona (P. castelnaeana) grouped in yellowfin river pellona. Market fleet´s CPUE was 19 kg/trip and from Vila do Conde was 11 kg/trip. The catch period in the region is from October to May peaking in the first trimester. Trips operating with gill nets show greater CPUE when compared to long lines. The main species captured by gill nets is South American silver croaker and by long lines is dourada. CPUE from non-motorized boats is smaller than the motorized ones. Dourada was regular and abundant during all year for all study area. It was not observed differences between gears, trimesters and fishing sites. Kumakuma was most abundant form October to March, peaking in January and caught mainly by long lines and in Cutaju with 55 kg/trip. South American silver croaker was also regular and abundant during all year. This species was caught mainly with gill nets and in Carnapijó. Yellowfin river pellona occurred from October to May, peaking in October, caught mainly by the fleet of Vila do Conde with gill nets and the main fishing site is Estacamento. A total production in Barcarena was estimated in 200 tons generating R$ 724.431,00 for the city. Dourada contributed with 31% of total production and 46 % of the Gross revenue. October was the most productive month with 23% of the production and 15% of the Gross revenue. “Barcos de Pequeno Porte” contributed with 37% of the production and 41% of the gross revenue.