Dissertações em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Mestrado) - PPGNBC/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2375

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

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Ação do alcaloide (+)-filantidina sobre o protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e a célula hospedeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-14) MORAES, Lienne Silveira de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
Leishmaniasis is an antropozoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. These parasites proliferate primarily within macrophages of mammals and are responsible for promoting a variety of clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The treatment available is chemotherapy, but is limited by toxicity and requires a long term treatment. The study of natural products from plants such as antileishmanial agent currently plays an important role in the search for new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. (+)-phylantidine, is an alkaloid extracted from stem of Margaritaria nobilis of the family Phyllanthaceae. The aim of this study is evaluated the effects of (+)-phylantidine on promastigotes forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and host cell. Antiproliferative activity of promastigotes forms was observed when parasites were treated with 50, 100 e 200 μg/mL of alkaloid for 96 hours, with reduction of 73.75%, 82.50% and 88.75%, respectively when compared with non-treated parasites. In the period of 96 hours it was observed an IC50 of 56.34 μg/mL. Amphotericin B was used as reference drug and reduction of 100% in parasites treated with 0.1 μg/mL was observed after 96 hours. Treatment with the alkaloid promoted important changes in promastigotes that were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Alterations in cell body, flagellum, kinetoplast, mitochondria, rosette formation, presence of electrodense vesicles suggestive of lipid body and increase in structures like acidocalcisssomes were observed. In the host cell no cytotoxic effect was observed in the macrophages treated with the alkaloid and analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the alkaloid promoted an increase in the number of cytoplasmic projections, increased cell volume and spreading. Thus, these results demonstrate that (+)-phylantidine was effective in reducing the growth of the protozoa, without citotoxy effect which may represent a promising natural alternative source for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade leishmanicida do extrato da raiz de Physalis angulata e sua ação na célula hospedeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-23) SILVA, Raquel Raick Pereira da; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. The chemotherapy is the only effective treatment for the disease, but these drugs are, in general, toxics and requires a longer treatment period. Natural products have been used as traditional medicine and offer new perspectives and represent an important source of new antileishmanial agents. Thus, it is of great importance to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of the root of Physalis angulata, a plant widely used in popular medicine, in promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and its effect on the host cell. Physalins D, E, F and G were found present, for the first time, in the P. angulata roots using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Antiproliferative activity and a dose-dependent inhibition of promastigote growth 74.1% and 99.8 % (IC50 35.5 μg/mL), and intracellular amastigotes 70.6% and 70.8% (IC50 32.2 μg/mL) was observed when parasites were treated with 50 and 100 μg/ mL of extract, respectively. The analysis of the microbicidal activity of host cell infected, with L. amazonensis demonstrated that extract is able to reverse the effect caused by the parasite to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species. This growth inhibition was associated with several morphological alterations assessed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning such as alteration on cell division, especially in the phase of cytokinesis, alteration in flagellar membrane, in flagellar pocket and duplication of kinetoplast DNA. Already by flow cytometry was possible to confirm that the treatment induced a phosphatidylserine exposure and decreased cell volume of promastigotes treated. In the host cell were observed cytoskeleton alterations, high number of cytoplasmatic projections, increase of cytoplasm, vacuoles and spreading ability. No cytotoxicity towards macrophages was observed. We have demonstrated that aqueous extract effectively promotes antileishmanial activity and clearly demonstrate the induction of apoptosis and ultrastructural alterations in Leishmania parasites. Thus, aqueous extract may represent a promising natural alternative source for a new antileishmanial agent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização lipídica de duas cepas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causadoras da leishmaniose tegumentar americana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) HAGE, Amanda Anastácia Pinto; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
The american cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania with high incidence in the Amazon region. A variety of leishmania species are responsible for this pathology. Thus, depending on the species and the immune response of the vertebrate host, the disease can display different clinical forms, including localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The main species responsible for the LTA is Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. However, due to existence of a multiplicity of strains of this species and reduced number of related studies, it is important to know the basic metabolic aspects of the protozoa such as lipid metabolism in an attempt to characterize pathways or components essential to their development and infectivity. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of lipid droplets (LD) and lipid profile of two strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from different clinical cases at different periods of the stationary phase of cell growth. The promastigotes of strains M17593 (LCL) and M17323 (LMC) of L. (V.) braziliensis were used in early stationary phase (STAT-E) and late stationary (STAT-L) of the growth. Initially, was performed ultrastructural analysis of promastigotes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and we could observe structures suggestive of LD distributed in the cytoplasm of the parasite, confirmed by imidazole-osmium cytochemical technique, organelles required for energy metabolism of the parasite. To quantify the LD distribution between the days of cultivation and between the different strains, analysis was performed by flow cytometry with BODIPY ® 493/503. The results showed that the MCL strain had a higher amount of LD during the late stationary phase. In LCL strain no significant difference was observed between the phases studied. Thus, it can be suggested that the increase inflammatory response that occurs in patients with MCL, is associated with LD accumulation in parasite, energy and eicosanoids source, such prostaglandins. Another hypothesis is the possible correlation between LD and the low phosphatidylserine exposure to the external surface of the membrane, important to parasite infectivity. For the total lipids analysis, parasites were subjected to lipid extraction, followed by HPTLC technique, which were found predominantly phospholipids, sterol esterified, sterols, triglycerides and fatty acids composing the parasite, with variations between strains and between phases studied. The LCL strain in late stationary phase has a higher amount of total lipids, which can be explained because this strain already known as the infective one, and possibly present high quantities of glycoconjugates associated with lipid subdomains important for the recognition of phagocytes. It is important to know the high infectivity of LCL strain compared to MCL strain, results in less inflammation. These results indicate that exist difference in lipid profile and LD distribution between different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis, which may be related to the parasite infectivity and the clinical manifestation of the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção da atividade e imunolocalização da enzima óxido nítrico sintase em Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-30) FURTADO, Rodrigo Ribeiro; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
The Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus and are distributed in different parts of the world. This pathology manifests in several clinical forms: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The Leishmania parasite presents two evolutionary forms: promastigote form, free life parasite, and amastigotes, intracellular binding, present mainly in the mononuclear phagocytic cells. The growth inhibition or destruction of parasites within the host cell is an essential to break the infection mechanism. Inhibition of macrophage leishmanicidal effect appears to be related to the ability of some species to inhibit the nitric oxide (NO) production. Recent studies have shown that some species of Leishmania have the ability to produce NO by the constitutive form of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS). This work aims to detect and locate the cNOS enzyme present in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. For this reason, this study used flow cytometry, which allowed to quantify NO production in parasites, indicating the increased activity of the cNOS enzyme in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis compared with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis species. We performed immunostaining of promastigotes with anti-cNOS antibody to watch the ultrastructural localization of the enzyme by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), then co-labeling with anti-cNOS and anti-GAPDH antibody to confirm the probable compartmentalization this enzyme in glycossomal organelles. The results suggest that NO production by different strains of Leishmania is a process located in the glycossomal organelles capturing L-arginine from the host cell, the substrate depletion deprives the host to synthesize the harmful exogenous NO to the parasite. This modulation suggests another escape mechanism that trypanosomatid protozoa present in the complex host-parasite interaction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da ação imunomodulatória do ácido kójico sobre as células mononucleares da medula óssea de camundongos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-03) ALMEIDA, Caroline Martins; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
Bone marrow is soft and sponge-like material found inside bones that contains hematopoietic cells responsible for development and proliferation of peripheral blood cells. The monocytes proliferation generated in the bone marrow and the differentiation of this cells in macrophages plays a key role in the immune response. In this context, the research for drugs that enhance the innate immune response is needed to restore the homeostasis and the immune response. Kojic Acid (KA) is a secondary metabolite synthesized by some species of fungi from Aspergillus genera and has several applications (food additive, cosmetics, antitumor agent and macrophage activator). Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of kojic acid (KA) in the bone marrow cells of mice. These cells were obtained by flushing femurs, and maintained in cultures treated with KA at the concentration of 100 μg/mL for 24-96 hours of culture. It was observed by optical microscopy that KA promoted increased cell adhesion, spreading ability and high number of cytoplasmatic projections and vacuoles in cytoplasm in the mononuclear cells from bone marrow treated with AK. To confirm these results, Akt signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot. KA seems to be able to activate the Akt signaling pathway that have a critical regulatory role in cellular development and differentiation. In addition, we detected by cytometer analysis, increase in the F4/80 and in the CD11b expression, and decrease in CD11c when cells were treated for 96 hours, showing that KA induce the differentiation of bone marrow cells in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells. The Analysis of the microbicidal response revealed that KA also potentiated phagocytosis and increased the production superoxide anion, But not promoted increases of nitric oxide production. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effects were observed in cells treated with KA when compared to the untreated bone marrow cells. Thus, KA acts as an immunomodulatory and is able to induce bone marrow monocyte-macrophage differentiation process.

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